I-Saur-Grave: umlando, isikhumbuzo, isilonda nendawo emephini. Uphi i-Saur-Grave?

Emakhulwini eminyaka amaningi, izinganekwane, amaculo, izingoma zomuntu namabhallad zithunyelwa ngegundane laseSaur-Mogil. Lesi sikhumbuzo esingasese sithulile sabona imicimbi eminingi ejabulisayo neyusizi ngesikhathi sayo. Isibindi nesibindi sabantu, kanye nabavikeli abahlakaniphile ezweni labo bomdabu, utshele abantu ballads. Kuze kube namuhla aziwa ukuthi leli gama livelaphi. Abanye abacwaningi bathi uSaur igama lomuntu ovikela izithakazelo zabakhileyo bendawo, kodwa, kungenzeka futhi, wayeseCossack. Le ndawo esifundeni saseDonetsk yahlaselwa yiTatars, futhi yayingeyona inhlanhla phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Namuhla, i-Saur-Mogila iyisikhumbuzo samasiko nezomlando e- Ukraine.

Indawo yendawo

I-Saur-grave ingenye yamaphuzu aphezulu eDonetsk, ikhona endaweni yabamayini esifundeni saseDonetsk. Ukuphakama kwesiqongo esingaphezu kwezinga elwandle kungaba ngu-278 m. Ekugcineni kwawo ezinsukwini zakudala kwakuhlomele ukuthunyelwa kwe-Cossack, khona-ke ukuqinisa i-Mius Front. Isikhumbuzo sesikhumbuzo sakhiwe lapha ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Enkulu yezobuzwe. Isiqongo saseSaur-Mogila yizinsalela zesigodi seDonetsk. Ngokuyinhloko iqukethe i-sandstone, kwezinye izindawo kunezingxenye ze-rock crystal.

I-Saur-Grave itholakala ethafeni, ngenxa yokuthi lingabonwa kude kangakanani no-40 m. Kusukela phezulu, ungabona imayini yezimayini, isiteji esingenamkhawulo, isitshalo se-Amvrosievsky. Esimo sezulu esishisayo, uLwandle lwase-Azov lungabonwa kusukela esigodini, nakuba kungama-90 km. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ensimini yesifunda saseDonetsk yanamuhla abantu bahlala e II leminyaka BC, ngoba ngokunjalo kule nkathi ingxenye engenhla yeSaur-Grave yathululelwa. Izizwe zenkambiso yezidumbu zenza isilonda esingamamitha amane ukuphakama kanye nobubanzi obungaba ngu-32 m.

Igama lomgoqo

Ngokweminye imibiko, i- "Saur", noma "Savur", isuka kuTurkey (kusukela ngegama elithi "saury"), lihunyushwe ngokuthi "ukuphakama kwe-steppe ne-top round". Iqembu labacwaningi lithandekile ukukholelwa ukuthi lesi sigodi sabizwa ngeSarmatian noma eSaulomat isizwe. Kodwa abantu balondolozwe izinganekwane nezingoma eziningi mayelana nendoda uSaur. Wayengumphindiseli wezwe, i-Cossack eyafa ezandleni zeCrimean Tatars, evikela abantu bakhe ebugqilini.

Izikhathi zasendulo

Abavubukuli babulala isigodi sokungcwaba futhi bathola ukungcwatshwa kwale minyaka eyi-2 BC. E., Isikhathi senkambiso yokuwa. Ubani nje owayengekho kulezi zingxenye. AmaSarmati, amaSkithe, amaKhayars, amaHuns, amaBulgaria, amaPolvia, amaPechenegs, amaMongol-Tatars - bonke laba bantu base behlala endaweni yesimanje seDonetsk. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kungekho muntu ohlala lapha. Ukuthula kwezimpande ezingenamkhawulo kwakuvame ukuphulwa yizikhala zabaphangi, abaxosha izinceku, ama-nomads amaningi, ama-Chumaceans, nemfuyo yezilwane zasendle. Konke lesi sikhathi i-Saur-Grave yayingakaze ilandwe. Lapho kukhona khona isikhumbuzo namuhla, khona-ke amaCosacks enza i-watch, futhi ngokwabo bazi kahle ama-expanses azungezile. Kwakukhona lapho izimpi ezigazini kakhulu phakathi kwama-Ukraine namaTatars zenzeka.

I-Saur-Grave ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Elikhulu Lezobuzwe

Kwaphela iminyaka emibili, insimu eyayizungeze isigodi yayihlala amaJalimane. Kukhona lapha kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1943 izakhiwo zokuzivikela zomzila wokuqala we-Mius Front zakhiwe. I-Saur-Grave kakhulu yamaJalimane yayineqakatheke kakhulu ebaluleke kakhulu. Esiqhingini sawo sasisekelwe ekuthunyweni kweposi. Emagqumeni endunduma, amasosha aseJalimane ahlela izibhamu, izibhunu, izibhamu kanye nezibhamu zomlilo ezithwala izikhali. Ukuvikela ukuphakama okusetshenzisiwe okusetshenziswayo, amathangi e-flamethrower, izikhali.

Amasosha aseSoviet ayebhekene nobunzima - kwakudingeka ukuba ahlasele emthambekeni ophansi, kuyilapho amaJalimane angasebenzisa kahle, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngezimoto zamandla nezikhali ezisetshenziswayo. I-Saur-Grave yesifunda saseDonetsk yaqala ukuhlasela ngo-Agasti 28, 1943, ifulegi elibomvu laphakanyiswa phezulu ebusuku ngo-Agasti 29-30, kodwa ekugcineni amaRussia athatha ukuphakama ngo-Agasti 31 kuphela. I-96th Guards Rifle Division, 295, 293, 291 izibhamu zomgwaqo, i-34th Guards Rifle Division, futhi ingxenye ye-127th Division iqhaza ekuthunjweni. Usizo olubalulekile emasosheni lwanikezwa yi-Katyushas enomumo kanye nesembozo esivela ku-Ilov. Ngesikhathi sithatha ukuphakama, amasosha amaningi namadoda ayenesibindi abulawe, abaningi babo babethelwe ngokulandela imiyalo.

Isikhumbuzo sokuqala

Kakade emva kwempi, isikhumbuzo sokuqala sabonakala eSaur-Mogil . Kwakuyi -pyramid engu-6 wemitha ye-limestone enephezulu yenkanyezi ebomvu. Eduze lesikhumbuzo sasihlonywe ngethunge elihlanganiswe ngethungeni, emagumbini awo abekwa izibhamu ngemuva kwesimpi. Futhi, kwakukhona ukubhalisa okubhalisa amagama abafileyo lapho izikhulu namasosha bethunjwa.

Isikhumbuzo sesibili

Ngo-1960 i-Union of Architects yaseDonetsk isinqumo sokumemezela umncintiswano weprojekthi entsha yesikhumbuzo. Amaqembu angu-37 okudala avela kulo lonke elase-RSFSR enza iziphakamiso zawo, okukhethwa kukho okungcono kunikezwa yinhlangano yaseKiev. Ngenxa yabaklami base-Ukraine, wathola isikhumbuzo esisha, esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu seSaur-Grave. Lesi sikhumbuzo sakhiwe ngemali yabamayini abanikeza umholo wabo wansuku zonke. Izindlela zaqoqwa ngamalungu eKomsomol amadolobha aseduze eShakhtersk, eTorez naseSnezhnoye.

Ukuvulwa okukhulu kwesikhumbuzo kwenzeka ekwindla ka-1967. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-300 000 babuthana ukuhlonipha impi ewa phansi. Kusukela kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-USSR, izingxenye zeSoviet Army, abameleli bezinhlangano zomphakathi, ama-veterans abuthana. Njengoba ngaleso sikhathi babheka uSaur-Grave? Isithombe sama-60s sisinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngaphezulu kakhulu kwakuyi-obelisk engama-36-meter ephakeme ekhonjiwe, ebhekene ne-granite. Ngaphakathi, abahleli bahlela igumbi lenkazimulo yezempi, lapho baqoqa khona amashadi, amaphephandaba anezincwadi ezifanele zezinkathi zempi, ama-portraits nezithombe zabahlanganyeli ezithatha ukuphakama. Futhi, isiteji sokubuka phezulu senziwe.

Ngaphansi kwe-obelisk, isithombe se-9-meter sesosha esibheke entshonalanga nokucindezela engxenyeni ephakanyisiwe ifakwe. On the warrior i-raincoat-itende, phansi lapho ehamba emoyeni. Isithombe sezithombe senziwe ngensimbi ensimbi, ngo-1975 esiseduze nayo yavula i- Eternal Flame. Ungaya e-obelisk ngezindlela ezimbili. Omunye umgwaqo wawubekwa ngamaphayona avela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene ze-USSR, kanti okwesibili yizithunywa zamadolobha eziqhawe. Umgwaqo oya esiqhingini iKomsomol etshalwe ngamapopire kanye namabalazwe. Kuphela labo abaphakamisa izitebhisi ezinkulu bazovula yonke inkazimulo yeSaur-Grave.

Umlando walezo zenzakalo ezimbi zigcinwe ema-pylons amane amakhulu. Ngamunye wabo uzinikezelwe uhlobo oluthile lwamabutho: izikhali, izindiza, izindiza, ama-tankmen. Zonke izinto ezivelele, izingqungquthela kanye nokubhalisa kusekelwe ezenzakalweni zangempela. Ama-pylons awakubonisi abalingiswa, kepha amasosha kanye nezikhulu zebutho lamaSoviet. Ngaphansi kweSaur-Grave kukhona indawo ephansi yokubukwa, okuvela kuyo umbono oqhakazile wenkimbinkimbi yonke. Linezinsimbi zezikhali, ama-Katyushas awaziwa kakhulu, amathangi kanye namadaka aye agcinwe kusukela empini. Ngaphezulu kakhulu kwegundane kukhona i-helipad.

Imicimbi emikhulu eduze kwaseSaur-Graves

Ngokuqinisekile bonke abasanda kushada abavela eTorez ne-Snowy baya esigodini ngemuva komkhosi womshado ukukhuphukela phezulu, beka izimbali esihlotsheni, ngaleyo ndlela bahloniphe amasosha awile. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet kwakuseSaur-Mogil ukuthi abantu abasha banikezwa amathikithi eKomsomol. Eduze letshe lesikhumbuzo, inani elikhulu labantu lihlangana kabili ngonyaka: ngosuku lokukhululwa kweDonbass (ngoSeptemba 8) nakuSuku lokuNqoba (ngoMeyi 9). Ngeshwa, umsebenzi wokwakha, kanye nokuvakashelwa okukhulu esigodini, kuye kwonakalisa kakhulu imvelo yayo. Uma ngaphambili ama-stepp awela phansi ngotshani, manje ahlanganiswe nokhula.

I-Saur-Grave kumlando

Izindabakwane eziningi mayelana nemvelaphi yesikhukhula ziye zasinda nanamuhla. Indaba ethandwa kakhulu yi-Cossack Saura, noma uSkaka, owayengumlindi we-Cossack post post, ehlelwe phezulu esiqongweni. Amadoda ahlukumezekile alahlekelwa amaTatar futhi ayengenaso isikhathi sokukhanyisa umlilo. Laba basolwa bavutha umlilo ngokudabukisayo futhi baphinduka emuva, kodwa uSaur akakwazanga ukuphuma emgodini, okwakukhokha ngokuphila kwakhe. Leli cala laqala ukukhula ngemva kwalokho, ngakho-ke amaCoscack abuyele abona amawele amabili ekhanda. Bamngcwaba lapho, futhi benza isikhwama esikhulu nakakhulu ngama-caps abo.

In folklore yase-Ukraine kunomlando onomfana omncane, onamandla eSaura. IPhane ihlukumeze umakoti wayo, ngakho le nsizwa yafika ehlathini ukuze iphenduke abantu. Okokuqala wasebenzelana nomhlukumezi wakhe. U-Saur wabulala iPhane futhi wabeka umlilo endaweni yakhe, wabe esephanga bonke abacebile, enikeza abampofu ingcebo yabo. Lapho efa, leli gama langcwatshwa ngaphezulu kwesigundane.

I-Saur-grave ingumlando wamatshe wase-Ukraine

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ibhande elidumile lahlala liphakathi. Phakathi neminyaka, wathola izenzakalo ezintsha kanye nezenzakalo zeSaur-Grave. Ebalazweni kulula ukuyithola, isiqongo siseduze nomuzi waseSouvka, eduze kwedolobha laseShakhtersk. Namuhla, izakhiwo zezikhumbuzo, kanye nesiqongo ngokwawo, zivikelwe ngumthetho. I-Saur-Grave evelele yabizwa ngokuthi yisikhumbuzo sesikhathi esidala nesiqhawe sabantu base - Ukraine.