I-Toxoplasmosis. Ukwelashwa, izimpawu nezimbangela

Ukutheleleka nge-toxoplasma (ama-parasites e-intracellular elula) omuntu uholela ekushintsheni okukhulu emzimbeni wakhe, ikakhulukazi, kusukela ohlangothini lwesimiso sezinzwa. Emhlabeni kunabantu abaningi abanegciwane le-toxoplasma (abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu zabantu, okungafaniswa nenani labantu abanegciwane lesifo sofuba B). Lesi sifo sisho i-toxoplasmosis. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-serological. Umthombo wokutheleleka ufuywayo (ikakhulukazi amakati) kanye nezilwane zasendle. Futhi, akukho ingozi encane yokutheleleka uma udla ukudla okungalungile: uma inyama izitsha namaqanda kungakutholi ukwelashwa okwanele okwanele.

Isifo esibangelwa i-toxoplasma, ngokuvamile sivele kalula. Kodwa kukhona ingozi ebulalayo kubantu abanesisindo somzimba esibuthakathaka, kanye nesisu somfazi okhulelwe onegciwane, ngoba i-toxoplasma ingena ngaphakathi kwe-placenta. Kulesi simo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukugwema ukufa kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus. Izinkinga ezinkulu (ukunqotshwa kwamehlo, isimiso sezinzwa nezinye izitho) zinempilo yengane lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ethola ukuthi une-toxoplasmosis. Ukwelashwa akukwenziwanga, njengoba kubonisiwe (ngisho noma kungekho ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo, kodwa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-serological ihle) ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa ukuphazanyiswa kwayo ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu we-fetal. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abesifazane kufanele bagweme ukuxhumana nezilwane ezinegciwane, ikakhulukazi amakati.

Kunezinhlobo zokuzalwa ezingenasifo esitholakalayo (ezitholakalayo noma ezingapheliyo) izifo zesifo se-parasitic zomuntu, enegama le-toxoplasmosis. Ukwelashwa akukwenziwa yiwo wonke umuntu, kuphela kulezo zimo lapho izimpawu zesifo zivezwa. I-toxoplasmosis etholakale kahle ihambisana nokushisa okuphezulu, leli fomu libhekene nokwanda kwesipere nesibindi. Ngehlobo elingapheli lwe-toxoplasmosis (elibhekwa kaningi), ukushisa okuncane kakhulu, ikhanda lokukhanda ikhanda, ukukhuliswa kwesibindi nama-lymph nodes kuyizici. Kukhona nokunciphisa amandla okusebenza, ukulimala enhliziyweni, amehlo, isimiso sezinzwa nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, i-toxoplasmosis yenzeka efomini elingaphandle (elingaphandle).

Kunoma yisiphi isikhathi umuntu angathola lesi sifo, futhi kuyoba yindabuko. Ezinganeni, lesi sifo sizalwa. I-Toxoplasmosis ezinsaneni ngokuvamile ihlasela zonke izinhlelo zomzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezibonakaliso ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukubola, ubuthakathaka. Izitho zangaphakathi (ipere nesibindi) zingakhuliswa, i-jaundice kungenzeka. Ngokuvamile i-rash ivela emzimbeni wengane. Ingane ibhekene nezimo ezinjalo: ukuzithemba, ukulala, nokunciphisa inkulumo ye-muscle kubonakala futhi. Kungase kube khona i-strabismus.

I-toxoplasmosis etholakalayo ihambisana nokukhathala okwenyukayo, ukwehlisa ukusebenza kahle nokubuthakathaka. Imfanelo yalesi simo ukubonakala kwezikhukhula nokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa kuya ku-38.5 ° C. Kukhona ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu obuhlangene nobunzima. Isiguli sikhulisiwe (ngesonto lesithathu emva kokutheleleka) nge-lymph nodes. Kungathuthukisa i-pneumonia, i-encephalitis, i-endocarditis (umonakalo wenhliziyo), umonakalo emangqamuzaneni amangqamuzana amehlo, isimiso se-endocrine, isibindi nesipane ukwanda. Kwabesifazane, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uphazamiseka. I-Toxoplasmosis emadodeni ihlanganisa ukungasebenzi. Kukhona izinkinga ngepheshana lesisu (ukubhubhisa, ubuhlungu, isifiso esinomsoco). Zonke lezi zibonakaliso zisiza ukubona i-toxoplasmosis.

Izinto ezifaka ekungeneni kwe-toxoplasm emzimbeni kanye nokwandisa ingozi yezifo kufanele zikhunjulwe. Izingane ezineminyaka emincane kufanele zifundiswe imithetho yemvelo nezokuhlanzeka. Zilula, kodwa ziphoqelekile. Kugeza izandla ngemuva kokuxhumana namakati nezinye izilwane, kanye nangemva kokuhlanza indle noma indlu yangasese yekati. Lapho ulungiselela inyama izitsha (ingulube, iwundlu, inyamazane), izitsha nezandla kufanele zihlanjwe nge-detergents ekhethekile, futhi ibhodi yokusika inyama eluhlaza (nakuba ihlungwa ngokucophelela ngaso sonke isikhathi) kumele ihlukaniswe, okungukuthi, akufanele ichithe izithelo , Imifino, isinkwa noma yimuphi omunye imikhiqizo. Uma kungenjalo, ingozi yokuthola i-toxoplasmosis engapheli noma enzima ayitholakali. Ukwelashwa kukhethwe ngabanye. Ukuphindaphinda kwezifundo zama-antibiotics kanye ne-chemotherapy akunikezi imiphumela edingekayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuholela ekungalingani kwamagciwane.