I ukwehla we hryvnia ngo-2014: Imithelela umnotho

Ukuwa hryvnia waqala ngo-2014 - esigabeni asebenzayo we Maidan. Nokho, ochwepheshe zinombono ukuthi zonke izimfanelo ukuwa lwemali kwadingeka kusukela ekuqaleni 2013 ngenxa isimo esibi kakhulu emnothweni, ukudiyazela kusukela 2008-2009 crisis. Ngakho, inkambo yokuhlakanipha inakekelwa eyayenziwe by yokuthengisa zakwamanye izinqolobane we Central Bank of Ukraine.

I ukwehla we-hryvnia. Kuyini lokhu?

Ukwehla kuyinqubo lapho intengo kazwelonke lwemali uwela maqondana zezimali angaphandle, okungukuthi, kukhona ukwehla kwentengo lwemali.

Ngamanye amazwi, lo ukwehla we hryvnia Ukraine - ukwehla exchange rate baso engibukhulumile zezimali angaphandle.

Ukwehla kungaba ovulekile futhi ezifihliwe. Uma uvula ukwehla of Central Bank imemezela lezi, futhi ukungakhuli ukheshi ezoshintshwaniswa noma lokuhoxa. Lapho isimo esicashile kunciphisa tindleko lwemali kazwelonke. Imali is ningakaze nishintshane futhi akabuyisanga.

imiphumela

ukwehla kwemiphumela anganawo ungaba muhle kumbe ube mubi.

Phakathi ukuma okuhle:

• anda zakuleli;
• nokuncipha izinqolobane ngamazwe kwezindleko;
• isisusa ukuthekelisa.

Nokho, imiphumela emibi zibaluleke kakhulu. Endabeni le ukwehla okulandelayo kwenzeka:

• senziwa ekuphumeni izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali;
• It is zicekela phansi ukuthembela kwabantu kule lwemali kazwelonke;
• ukungeniswa imikhiqizo zincipha ngenxa amanani ukwenyuka;
• abantu bavame ukungayihileli yonke imali yabo kokulandisa amabhange;
• umsebenzi ukuthenga kuyehla ngenxa zokunciphisa amaholo kanye izimpesheni.

Ukraine. I ukwehla we hryvnia

Ngo-February 2014, u devalued ngamaphesenti amabili nanhlanu. Esikhundleni eziyisishiyagalombili hryvnia elilodwa dollar manje kwadingeka ayeke eziyishumi. Futhi ngo-May, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zigcine Central Bank yawela eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha hryvnia ukwehla zaba amaphesenti amahlanu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Ukraine wathola tranche lokuqala nesikhombisa dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. I ukwehla we hryvnia nse ngoba lokhu. Noma kunjalo, likhona baqhubeka buba bubi nakakhulu. ECrimea ukuthi lebhalwe eRussia, ngo-the Donbas baqhubeka impi yombango nokuqothulwa inkampani endaweni, wamemezela ngokwabo Yabantu Republic of IDonetsk and Luhansk Yabantu Republic, wayeka ngokukhokha izintela Kiev.

Ngakho, ngo-August, kwaba khona omunye ukwehla we hryvnia ngo-2014. Ukukala sesehle sisuka nambili hryvnia elilodwa dollar ayishumi nane nengxenye. Ngenxa izenzo isilinganiso Central Bank sika kulinganiselwe sashintsha futhi ngaphambi kokhetho esifanele yesikhwama igolide Ukraine ezilotshwe inani nambili hryvnia namasenti asithoba anamihlanu dollar ngalinye. Nokho, ngemuva kokhetho, usekelo hryvnia Ukraine sesiphumile, inkambo futhi waba manqikanqika.

Phakathi nesonto dollar rose nesithupha nge-hryvnia ezincane, kanye ukwehla we hryvnia e-Ukraine (2014 konyaka) kwaba ngamaphesenti ayikhulu.

International Monetary Fund

Isizathu esiyinhloko Ukuwohloka isimo somnotho ukwamukelwa of zonke izidingo-International Monetary Ford. Unxuse ukubolekisa IMF Kiev waya khulula izinga fixing, okwandisa labantu yamanani egesi nezinye Umbuso izikweletu, labo ababebanga ukuba netwetwe sabantu. Abantu sisathemba uhulumeni wabo, Balisusa imali idiphozi akhawunti kanye mass wokuthenga lwemali.

I kwezomnotho esibucayi e-Ukraine ezenzeka esikhathini esidlule. Ngo nineties ngasekupheleni, obumbi Russian singafaneleki zwe, futhi ngo-2008 - emhlabeni. Ngaleyo minyaka, le ukwehla we hryvnia kwenzeka. Nokho, isimo akazange adikibale ephasishi lwemali, njengoba kwakwenziwa 2014.

isilinganiso enjalo kwakungatholakala kuphela aphumelele ezweni nemnotfo eqinile futhi lwemali kazwelonke, usekelwa igolide noma impahla. Endabeni Ukraine, umnotho libhekene nokwethenjelwa nokuzinza. Izazi ziye wawubonakalisa ngokuphindaphindiwe umbono ukuthi udaba hryvnia ngaphandle kwesiqondiso kusukela National Bank kuzodala ukugeleza dolobha - ngokuba hryvnia izozama ukuthenga izimali zakwamanye amazwe.

Ukudedela Umoya-hryvnia. imiphumela

Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Imali athathwa imali, futhi ibhange central ngalesi sikhathi esikhishwe nezinye izimali amabhange ukuba silondoloze zezimali. Izinga lokushintshisana waqala ukuba ahole befisa.

Ngo-August, National Bank wathenga izibopho kahulumeni, "Naftogaz Ukraine" ngesikhathi hryvnia angamakhulu bhiliyoni. Yize imali kuthiwa idluliselwe ku currency angaphandle, okuyinto nakho kwaba nengxenye ekusindeni gxuma entsha kwamanani. Ngakho, Central Bank, ngaphandle izindlela sokuba itholane phezulu, wabasiza ikhule ngesilinganiso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ukuthi ukukhiphela, baye bazama ukugcina wathola izimali zakwamanye amazwe eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokuqagela course. Exchange Foreign nomholo ngenxa yalesi encishisiwe.

Osomabhizinisi baye bazama ukufeza imisebenzi nemizana ngaphandle Ukraine, usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene zokwenza amabhange basekhaya ayikwazanga kuthinte dolobha. Base befuna ukuba ningangenisi Imali etholakele komnikazi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo investimenti sanciphisa kangcono. Abatshalizimali aqulwe hook noma nge kwengobe athathe imali yabo kusukela ezingalindelekile futhi alamu zone, lapho izingozi imali imali zinkulu. Ngokwezibalo zikahulumeni, kusukela ekuqaleni komnyaka Ukraine ilahlekelwe nanye nane hundredths of a amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-lekusisa oqondile, ezingafinyelela mayelana amabili amaphesenti isamba ziyamaniswa nokungangeni utshalomali.

izinyathelo Anti-Inkinga

Zonke izazi kusho izakhamuzi ngazwi linye bathi ukuthi ukwehla we hryvnia kakhulu iphutha kulindeleke ukuba ikhiphe hryvnia kanye nokwenqaba a esinqunyiwe exchange rate. Futhi lokho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala kuqiniswa of the lwemali kuyoba ukulahlwa a elintantayo exchange rate, futhi ukubuya egxilile.

Ngenxa jikelele anti-Inkinga izinyathelo ezihlongozwayo azokuqhubela Inqubomgomo azinabo ngaphezulu okuhloswe ngaso ukunciphisa imisebenzi zokucabangela, ukwanda emazweni angaphandle, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezolimo. Sekuke kwaba khona iziphakamiso ukuqedwa exchange angaphandle indali nokuvusa inani lenzalo kuya umhlahlo kwamandla emali.

Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi Ukrainian National Bank has wonke amathuluzi okudingeka izithathe ukuze ixazulule le nkinga esibhekene nayo lwemali, kodwa ngasizathu simbe, ungayisebenzisi. Kodwa noma yini ngofaka National Bank, ekuqaleni 2015 hryvnia nciphisa kuhlonyiwe, izinga safinyelela amathathu hryvnia dollar elilodwa.

Umthelela wale ukwehla we hryvnia ngo-2014

Umhlaziyi Economic Alexander Okhrimenko uphawula ukuthi ngesikhathi kunezinkinga komholo imayelana eyikhulu namashumi zamadola, kodwa zingancishiswa mahlanu. Kuphela esebenzayo kunazo uzokwazi ukusinda kulesimo sanyalo. Okusele kuyohlolwa ube mpofu kakhulu.

Kwandisa izindleko zesikweletu e izimali zakwamanye amazwe, abayikhokhela pay kangako noma abangafundile nhlobo. Lona ngumphumela zalesi simo ebuhlungu emnothweni, ezifana ukwehla we-hryvnia. Ngo-2014, amabhange wathatha isixazululo fresh - baqala ukwakha okubizwa ngokuthi izikhundla iDemo lapho ithengiswe lwemali ezingaphezu kuka wathenga. Ekupheleni kuka-2014, izikhundla iDemo zaba zamadola eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Kodwa ngenxa yalokho manje amabhange ayinakukuthenga zamadola at amathathu hryvnia futhi bathele ukulahlekelwa omkhulu.

Ukuze ekulinganiseni isimo, uhlongoza Okhrimenko esobala Inqubomgomo yasebhange refinancing; khiqiza bonke izimali zakwamanye amazwe yengcebo yizibopho abasebenzisa ukuqhutshwa ukwandisa yegolide; ezifakwa khulula futhi andise entela phezu kwabo, futhi ukuthi siphakamise imikhawulo emakethe lwemali.

Kulindeleke ukuthi Ukraine uzokwazi ukubuyela 2013 ezingeni iminyaka engaba ngu-5-7. Futhi ukulungiswa iyoba kungenzeka kuphela emva izinkinga mpumalanga yezwe.

Abatshalizimali e-Ukraine ngokuyinhloko oligarchs yayo. Alwa bodwa ngoba amandla nempahla. Ngakho-ke, utshalomali ngaphandle luzoqala emva, lapho ekupheleni kwempi phakathi kwazo.

Ingqikithi yalo izinkinga Ukrainian

Zonke izinkinga, kuhlanganise hryvnia falling, kwanqunywa ukuba kwisamba sempi Donbas. Nokho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, okungenani ngegama usebenza kuthula, futhi i-hryvnia uye yayina ukuwa esilandelayo. Futhi ngcono is akulindelekile.

Ngokusobala, ukungakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zomnotho ngokuzama ukubhala off empini. A ukwenqena batibeketelele the Donbas yakha entsha futhi zaba zimbi emidala (kuhlanganise kwezomnotho) izinkinga zase-Ukraine.

okutholakele

Impi ebhubhisa izwe oligarchs. Kodwa into embi - ukuthi impi eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Ukraine kuye kwaphumela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuxazulula izinkinga zomnotho e bemvelo luyingxenye kwezomnotho, futhi ningathinti ahlanganisa zepolotiki. Manje idlala indima ebalulekile-Ukraine. Kusukela zokuhlala isimo eningizimu-mpumalanga incike isiphetho esizayo yezwe.