Ibhajethi ezimali: umqondo, inhlangano kanye nokuphathwa

Ibhajethi ezimali isetshenziswa zonke izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu ukweneka ubunikazi. He is uhlukile umsebenzi evamile yama-akhawunti, kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo kuyagcinwa kuwo. Zonke izenzo, amadokhumenti, izifanekiso, nezinye izinto okungenzeka idingeke kuphela inhlangano, evunywe iziphathimandla eziphakeme ungeyena izincomo noyisibopho. Kukhona izibonelo eziqondile, amasampula, kanye imibhalo efanayo asekelayo lula umsebenzi abasebenzi.

Uyini ezimali isabelomali

Wathi okufana ezimali kusobala uhlelo ngokomthetho lapho bonke izilawuli ukusungulwa aqoqana kusetshenzwe by ongoti. It libhekene inqwaba imiyalelo kanye imibhalo efanayo ezibonisa indlela lezo noma nezinye izenzo ziyadingeka kwenziwe ezihlukahlukene izimo. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu inqubo yomsebenzi, ngoba ulwazi enikeza imfundo on ezimali mali, ikuvumela ukuba uqale umsebenzi ngokushesha futhi ngokucacile ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngu zonke izinhlobo izakhi ngabanye esivela version yayo zakudala.

ezimali imisebenzi

Kukhona uhlu imisebenzi esemqoka, okuyizinto ngesisekelo, ingxenye ezimali. Lonke inani lezi zinto likhulu kakhulu, kodwa uma usike futhi kafushane uhlole le nkinga, ungakhetha ezinye zazo.

Ngakho, inikezwe uhlobo ezimali kuyadingeka ukuze uthole non-sobala, izinqolobane kufihlwe, esizokwenza uhulumeni usebenze ngokuyimpumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesabelomali ezimali ivumela izintambo ngokuphelele isimo sangempela futhi khona kwanoma yiliphi inani lemali, kanye ezihlukahlukene amafa. Lapho iqondiswa kahle, wabuye wenza sikwazi ukuthola ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi futhi ukuvimbela noma yimuphi imali okungalungile futhi bebonke ukunikeza kuvisisa lapho ncamashi, kulokho lemali nendlela yasetshenziselwa imali. I-akhawunti zalolu hlobo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubonisa imiphumela inhlangano ethile. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo inzuzo noma ezingenanzuzo kuba.

Hhayi indima yokugcina idlalwa-data izibalo kanye accounting, nayo kokudabula kule akhawunti. Ziyakwazi kudingekile ekuqongeleleni ulwazi oluthile kanye nokuhlaziywa yayo abathintekayo, futhi ekugcineni ekwakhekeni imithetho emisha, amadokhumenti, kanye izinguquko ezalandela kwesabelomali ngangokunokwenzeka uhambisane akhawunti ye isimo samanje futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu e ngesikhathi esithile.

imibhalo zokulawula

Zonke izisekelo eziyisisekelo ahlelwe imiyalelo ezikhethekile №148n, elingelona nje kuphela incazelo ecacile ukuthi kufanele athathe isinyathelo ezimweni ezithile, kodwa yini izinhlawulo ongase ulandele uma ukwehluleka ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinsolo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le dokhumenti kukhona kuphela isisekelo phansi lokho, yebo, amboze yonke imisebenzi futhi izakhi kwenhlangano, kodwa kungase kungabi okuphelele.

Ngaphandle kwakhe kusekhona lenqwaba zokuguqulwa ahlukahlukene, anezele kanye nezinye izinto ezifana ukuthi kuthinte ukusebenza kwe-ibhizinisi futhi kwezinye izimo kakhulu kakhulu ukushintsha amazinga evunyelwe ngaphambilini. Okwazekayo, inhloko yenhlangano kanye nezinye ngabanye, benawo amandla athile esikhungweni esisodwa, zinesibopho ukuxhumana abasebenzi yonke imibhalo efanele futhi ngaphakathi esibekelwe edingekayo.

Ngesikhathi umkhuba Kunconywa ukuba lokhozi isimo sawo futhi isisebenzi, ekwamukelweni ulwazi olusha, ukucacisa lolu daba kubaphathi ukuze sigweme izinkinga kungenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa akugcini lapho, ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu imibhalo, kumele uqonde ku-akhawunti ejwayelekile, nazo zonke izimiso zayo. isabelomali ezimali akhawunti, nakuba ezahlukene kusukela zakudala, kodwa isebenza nabo namanje ekhiqizwa cishe ngendlela efanayo eyenza imizamo ukuqonda konke lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi ngempela.

izidingo

Ukufundiswa ku Ibhajethi Accounting, kanye namanye iziqondiso ezifanayo ukubeka nezimfuneko ezithile ukuze kwegunya layo. Basuke isandla ilungiswe umthetho, futhi ngenxa yokwephula unswinyo obuqinile bengakwazi ukulandela lezi zidingo.

1. Ngakho, noma isiphi isenzo kudingeka ukuba kwenziwe ngesikhathi.
2. Imininingwane ebikiwe kumele abonise isimo langempela, futhi amarekhodi adingekayo ukuze kwenziwe, eziqala ngosuku lokuqala khona wenhlangano.
3. Indlela elula futhi esobala kunazo zonke imfuneko yisimo ukuze iqhube kuphela lwemali kazwelonke.

Yiqiniso, ezimweni ezithile, angase engezwe, kanye nezinye izici zomsebenzi, kodwa kukhona kakade okuningi kuxhomeke endleleni indlela ethize inhlangano isebenza, lokho akwenzayo, iziphi izici zako njalo njalo. Ukuze into ngayinye enjalo kufanele kwavivinywa ngokuba khona imigomo kanye nokudingekile, uyakwazi okungenani ingxenye touch lesikhungo.

imisebenzi

Izidingo eziyisisekelo bavezwa ngqo ekhanda accountant induna isikhungo. Is they kumele sihlale njalo siqaphele umsebenzi ezivezwa nenkanuko edlulele kwabo imibhalo nokucubungula isabelomali. Kuphela bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo konke ngokomthetho, futhi kungaleyo ndlela kuphela, uma kunesidingo, ukuze ajezise wena izindlela kufinyeleleke futhi ezanele abasebenzi babo.

Lena ngendlela enengqondo, kusukela okuwukuphela kwayo eziyibona (noma kufanele bazi) zonke izici ukuthi umuntu ovamile wokushumayela, nje akudingeki ukuqedela umsebenzi. Kulokhu, accountant efanayo abakhulu unekhono zidinga ukuphathwa ukuba sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekile, injongo elaliyoba ezimali ezifanele futhi efanele ezikhungweni kwesabelomali. Ukuze leli phuzu izimfuneko ngenhlangano emsebenzini, imishini yabo lobuchwepheshe, ukuqasha abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe nokunye.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukuphathwa kungadinga ukwabiwa amanani afanele kokugcwaliseka kwesibonakaliso izimo abasebenzi uma kuzoxoxwa Kuyaphawuleka ngempela nokuvimbela ephezulu grade umsebenzi wenhlangano. Ngokwesibonelo, cooler amanzi akunakwenzeka ukuba ezihlobene imishini oyisibopho, kodwa ukukhiqiza amarekhodi noma wenze eminye imisebenzi yokuhlunga efanayo cishe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle okungenani lalibhekisela computer. Ngenxa yalokho, kudingeka ingqalasizinda ezifanele, zokuxhumana nge ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ngisho umuntu angashadile uzoqapha ukuphepha kwawo wonke.

ukwakhiwa

Ukuze umsebenzi wenhlangano kwaphumelela kakhulu, zonke izenzo kuyenziwa ngokunembile futhi ngesikhathi, ngenkathi kubikwa ngempela kwakulingana owethulwe nezimfuneko zawo, udinga impela abasebenzi ezinkulu, ngamunye okuzokwenza imisebenzi kahle ichazwe. Lokhu kusiza ukuba nihlukane ukuhamba komsebenzi ibe izingxenye futhi kwenza kube yinto engenzeka ukuthi sisebenzisane kahle futhi ephumelelayo emkhakheni wabo ngisho ngolwazi ongatheni, ngempela indoda nakho azodinga yokukhokha okusezingeni eliphezulu, lapho inhlangano abavumelani.

Izimali ezikhungweni kwesabelomali kusho kwabaphathi bemali, Accountants ehamba phambili (noma abasebenzi kuzohlanganisa kokubili imisebenzi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, substituents Ingase ithanyelwe (ngokuvamile eyodwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu) futhi, ngokwemvelo, accountant main. Ngaphansi kwalesi sikhwama induna eliqondisa umsebenzi oyinhloko kanye nezici. Kabanzi, basuke elawulwa futhi wathumela kwamaphini, wenze wonke umsebenzi ngqo abasebenzi abavamile.

imibhalo

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 izinhlobo eziyisisekelo imibhalo eyinhloko, okumelwe isetshenziswe e somphakathi ngoba ukuphathwa kwezimali bekulokhu ngangokunokwenzeka eduze nezidingo kwalo mthetho. Empeleni, basuke ngamaqembu amabili, cishe inani elifanayo le mibhalo, omunye okubhekisele izinkampani nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlukunyezwa impahla, kanye ukukhathazeka yesibili izinhlangano kwesabelomali kuphela.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, accounting isabelomali has division ayo le mibhalo eyinhloko ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Zonke badinga umsebenzi eliphezulu ibhizinisi kanye ukuvumela ukumboza ngokuphelele yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi.

Ngakho, ukwaba cishe kulingana nesibalo lwamaphethini ukuthi banesibopho ukubala futhi kwabasebenzi, ukuze afeze noma iyiphi imisebenzi nge-Cashier, kanye umsebenzi zokulawula emafeni eziphathekayo. Iqembu kulencane kwemibhalo yibo musa angena kunoma yiziphi izigaba bayigubungele ezinye izindawo ezithile kakhulu yomsebenzi, okungezona zonke ezikhona ibhizinisi.

ezishintshayo

Njengoba accounting ezivamile, ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo izinhlelo ezenzakalelayo, lula kakhulu umsebenzi abasebenzi, kanye nokunikeza imininingwane olunembile kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa esekelwe izinombolo okokufaka.

I lula izinhlelo ezinjalo eside kusukela ihlolwe futhi kuvunywe zonke ngabasebenzi, abangenela ziyadingeka ukusebenza ezimali, ukuqoqwa kwentela kanye ukuphathwa kwezimali. Bona kweso ukunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingekayo, musa ziphoqe umsebenzisi isikhathi eside ukufunda ukusebenza nabo, eyobonisa ophela yokubika zokukhokha nokunye. Iningi accountants lanamuhla, isimiso, ngalokwanele ucabanga umsebenzi wenhlangano ngaphandle nezinsiza ezifana.

Accounting

Zonke izindawo umsebenzi ibhizinisi lihlobene eduze ukubika. Lena yezinsika zazo kuphoqelekile zonke futhi likuvumela buthelela ukwanele ukuhlaziywa, ukulawula yokuqinisekisa idatha. Thola izinketho zokubika eziyisisekelo ezimbalwa izinhlangano mali, okuyinto ngempela kumele ngokushesha kulungiswa futhi kuhanjiswa ukuba iziphathimandla eziphakeme:

• Bika on ukubulawa isabelomali ;
• imiphumela imisebenzi;
• ku cash flow.

Njengoba ubona, zonke uvumele neziphathimandla zokulawula azokuqhubela analysis eningiliziwe inhlangano, timphawu, izinkinga zamanje, ukuthuthukiswa Amathrendi, nokunye. Ngokuvamile, zonke lezi zincwadi zibizwa enamathiselwe futhi inothi ochazayo, ecacisa omunye akuyona imininingwane ecacile ngokuphelele ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho fed lekuhanjiswa kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imiqulu ukuthi ziyadingeka kuziphathimandla ezifanele, uma kukhona isidingo ukucacisa amaphuzu athile, zinombolo noma ezinye izici inkampani.

Ngokungafani akhawunti emile

Ibhajethi ezimali ngokuyinhloko efana evamile, okuyinto esetshenziswa amabhizinisi angasese, izinkampani kanye nezinhlangano. Umahluko omkhulu amanga emininingwaneni ebonakala ingasho ezincane ezifana ishadi-akhawunti, bese ngokukhethekile ngezigaba yezenzo ezithile. Kodwa eqinisweni, uma ukuya konke lokhu imininingwane futhi ngokuningiliziwe, kubonakala sengathi lezi izenzakalo ezivelele futhi kuthinte sonke ohlakeni lwale nhlangano kuyingozi kakhulu.

Ngokucacile mayelana nalolu daba kungashiwo kuphela ngokuqhathanisa izinkampani ezimbili ezahlukene uhlobo olufanayo, enye yazo yangasese, kanye nezinye - isimo. ezimali ukwengamela, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye, kuba inkampani yangasese, ngakolunye uhlangothi, elula kakhudlwana futhi kuqondile, futhi ngakolunye, ebukhoneni inqwaba iziqondiso yangaphakathi, luyindida kakhulu futhi kuyindida. Futhi ngisho kwezinye izimo, crossover nomthetho wamanje.

Imiphumela

Ngokuvamile, uma afingqa bonke ngenhla, ikhumbula uhlobo isabelomali Nokho kunzima kusaqalwa okuqonda, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ifomu yakhe evamile, kodwa kuba lula kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.

Injongo eyinhloko ye-izinkinga umnyuziki ukuhlaziywa kufanele kube ukuhlaziya lonke uhlaka lomthetho, okuyinto ngandlela-thile bangayiqonda le nkinga. Ngemva kwalokho umsebenzi iyoba lula kakhulu futhi sicace, ngisho nezinguquko njalo futhi izibuyekezo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uhlobo ejwayelekile yomsebenzi cishe kunoma iyiphi amafemu ucishe esikhulu kusho ukuthi abasebenzi ngeke acabangele izidingo zezomthetho hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izifiso womqashi, ngokuqhathanisa kubo ngokuvumelana nemithetho kanye neziqondiso.