Ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi - uwukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle incazelo lolimi ulimi. Izinhlobo kanye nezici amafomu lwetakhi telulwimi

Zonke amagama isiRashiya noma kunjalo angaphansi kwemithetho kanye imiqondo ephathelene nayo. Omunye imiqondo le iyona ifomu nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Ngamunye wethu, seziqala ukufunda isiRashiya, njalo wabhekana nale mithetho enixoxa ngalo.

Ukuze ifomu zohlelo lolimi izwi libhekene khona izincazelo eziningi. Ikakhulu, i-ncazelo ebanzi noma iyincane. Uma ucabangela umqondo ngomqondo ewumngcingo, umuntu angalimisa ngesihloko elokuthi ukuthi ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi - kuyinto ekubizweni temagama noma amazwi ekhethekile isimo, injalo. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngomqondo obanzi, ifomu kwamagama isiRashiya - lucebe ungubani isimo amazwi afanayo.

netakhiwo temagama ziyahlukahluka incazelo yohlelo lokubhala (umshini - umshini, ugogo - nogogo, njll ...). Noma kunjalo, ababhekwa amathokheni ehlukile (amagama amasha). Futhi okuphambene nalokho. Kukholakala ukuthi akha omunye paradigms esikhulu, esinamandla, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto itholakala lokuthi ukuthi izibonelo - nelilodwa izwi ifomu uphawu. Ubunye esisemthethweni Ithokheni ebunyeni izisekelo buyisiphi inflectional izwi. Nakuba practice, ungase uhlangane okuhlukile ngesimo "doublets" ifonotiki kanye morphological (overshoe - Shoe, funda - ukufunda). Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nezincazelo lucebe futhi lwetakhi telulwimi musa sodvwa, kodwa njalo abasizanayo.

Paradigm

Paradigm - uhlelo ibonisa ukuthi ukushintshashintsha ngezwi elifanayo ngaphansi kwethonya izigaba nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo izindlela ezine eziyinhloko zokuqonda Paradigm:

• Morphological nge ingxenye njalo, okuthiwa impande;
• lucebe (ipholisemi omabizwafane, omqondofana, aphikisanayo, njalo njalo);
• izwi-ukwakheka - uhlelo ukwakha amagama komunye substrate;
• -syntax - iqembu isakhiwo imiklamo ezahlukene ukuveza inani elisha syntactic.

Amathuluzi ulimi

Futhi uhlobo lwetakhi telulwimi - uhlobo amathuluzi ulimi ukuba basize ekwakheni inchazelo yemagama. Amathuluzi, ucabangela njengoba othwala incazelo ungaboniswa ngezindlela lokuhlelekile kwetinhlobo letikhetsekile: tijobelelo, affixes, eziyimpumelelo, nangezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ticalo.

Ngakho kungenzeka ukuba abekele bohlobo, nokufa, futhi inani kahle emabito, tiphawulo, tandziso, netabito. Tijobelelo, esikhundleni salokho, kuhloswe ukubonisa isimo sesenzo efomini lesengcile we participles futhi emabito. Ukugcizelela kubonisa ubulili, isibalo emabito, isenzo izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Bondzaweni kudingeka uqoke kwemacala kahle emabito, tabito, netinombolo.

kokuhlukana

Uma sikhuluma ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi ngomqondo ewumngcingo, kulesi simo, okumqoka iyona kokuhlukana yamagama. Ngalokhu, ngolimi isiRashiya aqondwe njengokufaka umehluko ukushintshashintsha amazwi, kodwa imininingwane (siphetfo, amagama ngabanye, nokunye. N.). Ngokwesibonelo, itiye - itiye, uma - uma kuphela. Noma amazwi kuyendlulela wokufihla: amakhekhe - amakhekhe (ukugcizelela ezahlukene), Accountants - Accountants esitolo - esitolo.

inkulumo iyunithi

Uma sihlanganisa imiqondo, ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi - kuyinto inhlangano incazelo yohlelo lokubhala kanye esebenzisa inkulumo yayo. Ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi uyakwazi sibonise imigomo amaningi.

Kanjani ukwakha indlu aphume izitini amagama wawubumba. Sinenkosi yabo isakhiwo ifonotiki nencazelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi. bona kuthiwa ngendlela efanayo ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa anezincazelo ezingafani nhlobo.

incazelo yohlelo izwi - ke sizalwa nawo wonke amazwi nomqondo isilinganiso nezincazelo ze-non-ethize lucebe yala mazwi. Okungukuthi, kuba abstract, ukuqonda generalized lawa magama.

Ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi - okungukuthi, njengoba kushiwo kancane ngenhla, umbono kabanti bajule ngembhali kakade. umehluko yesigaba yokukhuluma ingahluka amacala. Ngokwesibonelo, Madagascar, Madagascar, Madagascar. Endabeni elandelayo kubhekwa noshintsho esigabeni isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, asihambe, uye khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto mayelana ekushintsheni inhlobo yomuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, ancibilikisa izinhlayiyana, ancibilikisa, yahlakazeka. Futhi e isiRashiya kukhona ushintsho kuvunyelwe yefomu lolimi igama elisho isigaba kuthambekela. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi, umsebenzi, uzosebenza.

incazelo yohlelo amazwi has a degree ezahlukene Abstraction. Ngokwesibonelo, emabito kungahluka amacala. Nokho, ngisho lapha kukhona okuhlukile, njengoba akuzona zonke ibizo Ungashintsha ifomu ukushiya. Ngokwesibonelo, ungase uthi altruist - altruistka umgibeli - umgibeli, uthisha - uthisha, kumdlali - umdlali waseshashalazini. Kodwa amazwi umqondisi, uprofesa, umqhubi, umculi zihlale kuphela (owesilisa) ubulili. Kulokhu isiZulu okuhlukile icatshangelwe ithi, njengalo lonke izwi.

okuqukethwe phakathi kwezakhi zolimi

Ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi - kuyinto eyinqaba zwi ngokuqinile kuchazwa okuqukethwe kolimi. Asho ukuthini lokho? Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "abuyiselwe" libhekisela esenzweni esikhathini esidlule, umphumela mayelana Ibizo wesilisa elisebunyeni. I incazelo yegama elithi sidlulile amathuluzi ulimi. Ukubhala igama-ifomu "sill" sisebunyeni wezinsimbi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa siphetfo -S.

Ifomu zohlelo lolimi isenzo elisebunyeni samanje "upende" is iguqulwe esebenzisa Ukuvalwa y. Esinye isibonelo: igama eliyisenzo elithi "izingozi" ne yo ophela likhombisa isenzo imperfective futhi ibizo "imoto" ne -a ophela ibonisa ukuthi igama li- ngempela njengabesifazane, futhi inamba engafani eyaziswa.

Amagama elisho izenzo

Ifomu zohlelo lolimi kwesenzo isiRashiya libhekene izigaba eziyisithupha: izwi, isimo, inombolo, esishubile, umuntu, uhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi olusetshenziswa ezintathu izinhlobo kwemizwelo tento:

• lesiphocako (udle, hamba, ungawujikijeli), okungukuthi, it kuthanda;
• Indlela, isenzo ngesikhathi samanje avunyelwe, njengoba esikhathini samanje futhi kuhlelwe (Silungisa Uzakuza kusasa Izintatheli asitholanga muntu ..);
• subjunctive lisho siletha imiphumela efiselekayo, okuyinto kungenzeka nababonelelayo (Ukuthi waqamba. Wayengase bahlala ekhaya. Ngingathanda ukukholelwa).

Isigaba tento uzwakalise amathuluzi athile namalimi wemiphakathi. Isibonelo: "ukuzwa - wamuzwa bazithela - waphuzisa."

Isikhundla babe tento kuphela esikhatsini lesengcile. Lapha ifomu zohlelo lolimi izwi, isibonelo, kukhona ekunqanyulweni kahle ichazwe. Ngoba akusona wesilisa. Ukuze umsebenzi zesifazane, futhi okungenabulili - -O. Ngokwesibonelo, egijima, ugijima, ugijima.

legumbi

Ngesisekelo amafomu lwetakhi telulwimi abhekwa izimpawu ngokolimi okudingekayo ukuze ukhombise incazelo yohlelo izwi. amafomu lwetakhi telulwimi zihlukaniswe derivational futhi inflectional. Amafomu lucebe futhi nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Kodwa noma kunjalo akufanele kudidaniswe amazwi ahlobene izinhlobo zohlelo lolimi amazwi. Lezi yizinto ezahlukene.

amazwi Related ukwabelana impande ezivamile, kodwa namanje amazwi ezahlukene! House, ekhaya, abangenamakhaya, engongi. Uma sikhuluma ifomu elifanele lolimi elithi "ekhaya", kuzoba njalo, isibonelo, ikhaya, indlu nendlu, izindlu.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo ifomu

amafomu lwetakhi telulwimi zingafani eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi elula. Ngokuvamile, amafomu lwetakhi telulwimi zidalwe ngosizo izimpawu kwetilwimi - affixes eziyimpumelelo. Noma ingabe esitebeleni embodiments ezithile amathuluzi ulimi okuphindayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ifomu amancane kuboniswa tijobelelo -tuples, -ek, -ochek. Ngokwesibonelo, ebhodweni, indodana, abazukulu imbali.

Ukudalwa ukuguqulwa kwamagama - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi polysyllabic. Paradigms amagama athile kubhekwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. amafomu ezinjalo zolimi nemisebenzi yazo, njengoba ekutadisheni ulimi, futhi empeleni, ivamile impela. Ngokwesibonelo, ibizo icala Paradigm - a Symbiosis of icala wordforms kokubili bunye nebunyenti. Qedela Paradigm siqukethe paradigms hhayi angaphansi kwamahlanu yangasese.

Kulotshiwe ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo lizwakele

Kuwufanele ukwazi ezinye izici amafomu nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Le ncwadi "g" kuzwakala u "B" ku eziyimpumelelo we genitive wesilisa futhi okungenabulili iziphawulo izabizwana. Ngokwesibonelo, wami, okubabayo, eqinile, okusheshayo. Noma - Inani namuhla. Engxoxweni evamile, abanye zesi kuthiwa njengoba ngalokwehlukile kunendlela ebhaliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ayinkulungwane (tyscha), ayisithupha (Shays), amahlanu (Okumatasa).

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ngokukhethekile amagama oqala ezimbili, dvug- noma ezimbili. Kumelwe sikhumbule indlela ukubhala: ezimbili esinamakhanda, ezimbili esinezimpondo, couplet, ngemva kweminyaka emibili, yemiqulu emibili, ezimbili humped, amavolumu amabili, izinhlu ezimbili belambatha, dvugrivennik. Futhi kufanele sikhumbule indlela efanele yokubiza amagama zamagama ezifana esikhokhelwayo, esikhokhelwayo, ikhokhwe. Futhi hhayi uplOchenny, zaplOchenny, oplOchenny.

tinhlobo letehlukene temisho

NgesiRashiya, okwethulwa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo amafomu lwetakhi telulwimi:

• Syntax. Syntax izwi ifomu kwamiswa ezikhathini zasendulo. It libhekene eyodwa, kodwa izindlela eziningana kwemagama, ikhumbula ezihlukahlukene umsindo nelupelomagama. Ngokuvamile, uhlobo zokwenziwa yamagama asetshenziswe isitayela kwezobuciko, njengoba basuke kubhekwe olusankondlo nokuningi, ngendlela eshaya. Ngaphansi wayevame ukusebenzisa ngolimi lwesayensi. Ngezinye izikhathi ngokuguqula yonke imithetho isiRashiya izwi ukuthola ifomu syntactic ngokweqile Dissonant noma ulimi-isimo noma etholwe amazwi eside.
• Morphological. Lezi babuye selihlukene laba amafomu lucebe futhi yolimi nendlela inflectional.

Izici izigaba lwetakhi telulwimi encike ngqo kwi ukuthi zihlobana kanjani komunye tenkhulumo. Ngokwesibonelo, inani kuyinto eyinqaba nje ukushintsha izimo. degree Comparative ayiziphawulo, tandziso, futhi amazwi lokho kusho isimo. Tento esivela cishe zonke izigaba. Izabizwana - ubulili kuphela, inombolo bese icala.

nje okungaqondile

Ngokusho imithetho yolimi lwethu eyinkimbinkimbi, kolimi yokukhuluma kusekelwe, ngokuyinhloko, emithethweni ethile kanye nemithetho kwetinhlavu kanye ukuguqulwa kwamagama. Ukuze wazi imithetho, kubalulekile ukutadisha morphology, okungukuthi konke kuhlobene izwi paradigmatic abstract ukwazi inshokutsi yemagama. Igama - lisisakhiwo lohlelo lolimi. Sihlanganisa ikhomponethi alalelwayo, incazelo lucebe nalokuhlelekile ngokucacile nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi - hhayi ukuthi abanye, njengoba ulimi lwezandla, elihlanganisa ohlangothini impahla kanye nemcondvo abstract. Ifomu semantic kuphuma incazelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi.