Kumiswa, Izilimi
Uyini Nokwehla of amabizo? Case ngolimi Russian
Akukhona nje abafundi nabafundi eyala ngokolimi uyazibuza uyini Nokwehla amabizo. Phela, inkulumo nokubhala nelupelomagama - akuyona bethanda hhayi ilungelo othisha Philologists. On umbuzo uyini Nokwehla amabizo ngolimi isiRashiya, ungaphendulwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngoba izwi lunezimpawu ezimbalwa, noma okufanayo, nokho ezingafani amagugu. Thina siqale uhambo olufushane ku etymology.
Uyini Nokwehla of amabizo?
Ukuze uqale Ake sihlole lokho umsuka wenkulumo ethi has. Igama elithi "ukwehla" - a ipulani kusukela declinatio Latin, okusho "ukuphambuka". Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba inflection uhlobo anomaly ngokuziqhathanisa ifomu eziyisisekelo zebizo. Nokho, esigabeni 'ukwehla "akuyona kuphela inqubo ukuguqulwa kwamagama. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho uhlobo oluthile emabito izinguquko ezifanayo ku-imodeli efanayo. NgesiRashiya, kukhona ezintathu lezinkanuko main, kodwa kukhona amagama ezakho kunoma yiziphi izigaba.
Indlela ukushintsha amabizo?
Sinesithakazelo kule titfo tenkhulumo, okumbalwa, osizweni inombolo futhi amacala. On the umbandela lokuqala silula - ikubonisa inombolo yezinto okhethiwe. Inani kungaba bunye nebunyenti. Esimweni sokuqala sisebenzelana emabito, amelela into eyodwa nje. Ngokwesibonelo: engadini isikhungo. amagama akhomba tintfo amaningi inombolo eziningi ezifanayo (izingadi, emaphaketheni). Kukhona okuhlukile.
Ngakho, ngo-isiRashiya, kukhona amabizo indawo babe elisebunyeni kuphela (okuthiwa singularia tantum). Isibonelo - ubisi, enkazimulweni. Ngokufanayo, kunezizathu kwekwenta lisebuningini kuphela (zazo zibizwa pluralia tantum). ebumnyameni, isikele: Kulokhu, njengesibonelo, amagama alandelayo.
Uyini Nokwehla amabizo amacala?
Manje ake sicabangele isibonelo sothile ngaphezulu ushintsho kungenzeka kufanele sibe nesithakazelo izingxenye yokukhuluma. Nqaba amacala - libito kusho ukuzivumelanisa ukusetshenziswa namanye amagama. Lesi sigaba futhi ubonisa futhi syntactic indima izingxenye declinable yokukhuluma emshweni. Ezimweni eziningi ukwehla ngoba icala kusho ukushintsha isiphetho izwi. Nokho, la mandla ingeyona kuphela lolu hlobo ukuguqulwa amabizo.
Igama elithi "icala" lisuselwa cadere Latin - ekwindla. Ukwabela eqondile amacala etshekile. Eyokuqala yalezi iyona "evamile" izwi elilodwa. Lokhu nakanjani nominative, futhi kwezinye izimo, futhi umenziwa wesenzo. Eyesibili a "ukuphambuka" kusukela kuyinsakavukela. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa yonke esele ongakhetha isiZulu amabizo.
Yiziphi affixes?
Sekukonke kukhona 6 Russian emabito nominative kungenzeka ongakhetha ushintsho ngokuxhumanisa nabo Ngamanye amazwi ukhona. Eyokuqala yalezi - kunjalo nominative. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, - "kwesokudla", ifomu engokwemvelo izwi, e-Latin ubizwa ngokuthi nominative. Genitive ngokuthi genitive kubonisa ukuhlobana noma ubani nanoma yini, umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi (umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi) - into lapho isenzo uqondiswa. Umenziwa wesenzo kufana lokuqala, nominative, Nokho, it has engavamile lalo. Isetshenziselwa ngemva tento umenziwa ukuze ukhombise into eqondile. ELatin ubizwa ngokuthi umenziwa wesenzo. Ablative (noma instrumentati) ngokuvamile sibhekisela endleleni yomculo senzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it isetshenziswa emva lezi zenzo: ukuhola, ukubandakanya, ukuba ngumnikazi. Futhi ekugcineni, zokugcina, prepositional - prepozitiv. Ubhekisela endaweni, isikhathi, isihloko inkulumo noma umcabango, isetshenziswa kuphela tandziso.
Sesihlole ngemigudu ukwehla isiRashiya. umehluko ungase ube mkhulu ngolimi oluhlukile. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, yolimi lwesiNgisi amabizo abe amacala amabili kuphela. Eyokuqala wabo, jikelele - version evamile ukusetshenziswa amazwi. Eyesibili, kunjalo sebuniyo kubonisa, okokuqala, vusa emabito, okuyinto surely ukumela isidalwa esiphilayo kuphela. Okwesibili, isihloko noma iyiphi into okufanele ukuthi zingezikabani, isici noma ikhwalithi. Possessives kwakhiwa ngosizo ekunqanyulweni ekhethekile - «s». Kweziningi ezinye izilimi, zikhona nezinye izici.
Indlela ukunqabela emabito esimweni?
Kunzima ukukwenza. Enough ukwazi okuthiwa imibuzo declensional ezembula icala Russian. Ithebula elingezansi okungukuthi iqukethe yonke idatha ezidingekayo.
| icala | imibuzo | Ngokwesibonelo | bondzaweni |
nominative | Ngubani? lokho? | obhejane, ubhejane | --- |
genitive | Ngubani? lokho? | obhejane, ubhejane | cha, cishe, kusukela, ngesikhathi |
umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi | kubani? lokho? | obhejane, obhejane | ngokuvumelana |
umenziwa wesenzo | Ngubani? lokho? | obhejane, ubhejane | ngokusebenzisa, e, mayelana, ukuze |
ablative | ubuzwa ngubani? lokho? | obhejane, ubhejane | phambi kwe-, emuva kwe-, ngaphasi, phezu |
prepositional | ukhuluma ngani? lokho? | Obhejane, obhejane | uma, ku, ku, ku |
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ulwazi olungenhla isebenza kubo bonke emabito kokubili bunye nebunyenti. Amabizo ubuningi kuthiwa unqabile cishe wonke amazwi phambi kwethu titfo tenkhulumo. Kodwa kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho.
Yini emabito kungukuthi kunqatshiwe?
Ngo isiRashiya kukhona amazwi amaningi ukuthi abe abadabuka kwamanye amazwe (isib, emigwaqweni emikhulu, amafasitela). Ezinye zazo musa ukushintsha noma ku izimo, noma izinombolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basonta esigabeni okuthiwa emabito indeclinable. Hlala iyafana amagama nesibongo ephela ngo -O, -S (-njengoba). Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa slozhnosokraschonnye amazwi (isibonelo, mqondisi).
Yiziphi isiZulu amabizo?
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, thina kudalulwe igama elithi kubonisa hhayi kuphela inqubo ashintshe izindlela zakhe, kodwa futhi izinhlobo generalized lwamagama babe ukuguqulwa elifanayo imodeli. Njengoba kukhona ezintathu isiZulu amabizo ngesiRashiya. Ukuhlola ukuthi yimaphi ama kubo zihlanganisa izwi letsite, kuyasiza ubulili kanye isiphetho sisebunyeni nominative. ngibone ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi Nokwehla wamanje kanye nezici zabo kungenziwa efingqiwe ethebuleni elingezansi.
| isiZulu | uhlobo | ophela | izibonelo |
| lokuqala | owesilisa, owesifazane | s, th | Ubaba, isibani |
| yesibili | besilisa, phakathi | -O, -e, zero | echibini, igalofu, indlovu |
| wesithathu | owesifazane | oholayo (izwi izophela -B) | asemaqeleni |
| icala | Nokwehla 1st (Ubunye) | Nokwehla 2nd (Ubunye) | Nokwehla 3rd (Ubunye) | ubuningi |
| nominative | s, th umama, umalume | -O, -e, - echibini, igalofu, ihhashi | - asemaqeleni | s, s, s, th Umama, malume, amachibi, amasimu, amahhashi, asemaqeleni |
| genitive | s, s umama, umalume | s, th echibini, igalofu, ihhashi | s asemaqeleni | Female, -ev, -S, - omama, omalume, amachibi, amasimu, amahhashi, emaqeleni |
| umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi | s, -e umama, umalume | y, th echibini, ensimini, ihhashi | s asemaqeleni | -am, -yam omama, omalume, amachibi, amasimu, amahhashi, emaqeleni |
| umenziwa wesenzo | y, th umama, umalume | Oh, Ngisindiswe izakhiwo echibini, igalofu, ihhashi | - asemaqeleni | s, s, s, -n, -S, - Umama, uMalume, amachibi, amasimu, amahhashi, asemaqeleni |
| ablative | th (-oyu) -S (-eyu) Umama (mamoyu) umalume (dyadeyu) | th, -em echibini, igalofu, ihhashi | th ehlane | -S, izibikezelo, izilinganiso omama, omalume, amachibi, amasimu, amahhashi, emaqeleni |
| prepositional | e, s umama, umalume | e, s echibini, igalofu, ihhashi | s asemaqeleni | Ah, yalolucwaningo omama, omalume, amachibi, amasimu, amahhashi, emaqeleni |
Ingabe ikhona kilomlayo?
Akuwona wonke amabizo ziwela ngaphansi incazelo yanoma yiziphi uhlobo ngaphezulu Nokwehla. Sekukonke kukhona 4 okuhlukile. Eyokuqala wabo - iyona ngaphambilini sibuyekezwe, amazwi indeclinable. Eyesibili ngaphandle - emabito, efana tichasiso. Futhi sithambekele ngendlela efanayo njengoba esikhathini esidlule. Lawo mazwi zibizwa futhi ngokuthi adjectival emabito isiZulu. Ngokwesibonelo: umuntu othile owayedlula, yokugezela. Esesithathu ayinto engaqondakali - a emabito heteroclite. engavamile wabo ukuthi ezimweni ezahlukene babe iziqu, hhayi extrinsic komunye ezintathu izinhlobo isiZulu. Lawa mazwi: indlela, umthwalo, imbewu, umbele, isikhathi nabanye. Futhi ekugcineni, owesine ngaphandle - emabito, tabito like elincike (ukudweba).
Njengoba ingxenye amazwi mafutha "ukuqedela"?
emabito okunjalo anezici yabo. Kulezi mazwi "pol" ingxenye amacala etshekile ngaphandle kwezinguquko umenziwa wesenzo ukuba "ingxenye." Enye ingxenye, isb ibizo, kuyahlukahluka ngokuvumelana nemithetho jikelele. Ungenciki ukuba ingxenye kwakwakhe amazwi "okuphelele", lapho ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi amaphuzu ukuze uyenze iphile into, ezifana nengxenye-ihhashi, polkozy.
Manje, ngemva kokucabangela okushiwo zonke izici isihloko ngemininingwane enkulu, imiphumela kufanele athathe. Nokwehla amabizo - isigaba oluphelele KWEZILIMI, okusho iyiphi imodeli ezithile ukuguqulwa kwamagama, kanye inqubo ekushintsheni icala labo kanye nenombolo. Imithetho eyisisekelo Nokwehla efanele nabanekhono kumele bazi izingane zisekhona esikoleni. Futhi-ke, ngeke awakhohlwe, njengoba abadala, ngisho noma umsebenzi wabo ayixhunyiwe ne kolimi.
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