Ikamelo bubble: isimiso wokusebenza, circuit kudivayisi. Emihle nemibi ekamelweni bubble

Emuva phakathi nekhulu le-20 yasungulwa bubble chamber - idivaysi ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa ukuqapha microparticles. Ngokwengxenye enkulu liye esetshenziswa zesayensi ababebona sekuba yinto enkulu. Ngisho nanamuhla, naphezu ukuthuthukiswa omkhulu ubuchwepheshe kanye ukutholakala izinzwa ezihlukahlukene electronic, abafundi ukubonisa izithombe izinhlayiya zenziwe Bubbles.

Mayelana nendlela kwakukhona ikhamera

Njengoba siphawulile ngenhla, phakathi nekhulu lama-20, futhi lo mshini livela. Futhi bonke ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi ngokomzimba akakwazanga ukuphatha ukuhlola izinhlayiya icala imitshina akhona. Ngaleso sikhathi, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lisho ukuthini proton, neutron, electron kanye positron. Ngo-1950, ukuxazulula inkinga wahlanganyela D. Glaser. Ososayensi uzama ukusebenzisa ukusabela kokubili zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba, electrical kanye uketshezi kanye ukuguqulwa okuqinile. Kodwa wanquma uhlale into ewuketshezi, uma sikubeka ngokuqondile, isimiso sisebenza okweqile ingxube. Izidingo eziyisisekelo ukuthi Donald ukubeka phambili wakhe wokusungula - high speed Ukusabela, okuvumela ukuba wasithatha kuyizinhlayiyana esithombeni ngesikhathi esifanele. Yiqiniso, ekamelweni bubble futhi ekamelweni ifu athé efanayo. Kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko, okuyinto thina, eqinisweni, ukukhuluma ku.

Ikamelo bubble: isimiso isinyathelo

Uketshezi ukusebenza esetshenziswa njengoba diethyl elithi ether, okuyinto ngaba nelungelo ezifana ngentengo ephansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingatholakala ngefomu okumsulwa ngaphandle kobunzima. Iphuzu liwukuthi ukufudumeza lolu ketshezi ukuze izinga lokushisa abilayo (1400 degrees Celsius) bese selehlile ekamelweni lokushisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-imfucumfucu enemisebe kulethwa, isibonelo ayibe, kwalokho nge esingaba imizuzwana engaba ngu-60, uketshezi ukusebenza amathumba. Uma umzuzu kwakunokwenzeka wasithatha ukunyakaza izinhlayiya esithombeni.

Zonke ngokucacile Glazer esetshenziswa amakhamera amabili, ezenziwe ngengilazi kanzima futhi ugcwale ether. Ukushisisa kwenziwa i okugeza uwoyela, futhi ukucindezela kungenziwa kwehlisa usebenzisa isibambo. Ngalesi sikhathi ikhamera kuzokwethulwa. Isilinganiso uzimele ingamaphesenti mayelana 3000 ngomzuzwana. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula wasithatha ezinyakazayo izinhlayiya izitsha. Ngemva kwalokho bubble chamber waba kancane ezenzakalelayo, kodwa isimiso yokusebenza ayiguquki. Ngokuvamile ayesebenzisa esiphikisayo Geiger, okukuvumela umkhondo ukubukeka yokukhishwa kwemisebe.

Ikamelo bubble: idivayisi

Manje asikhulume kancane ngalokho yafika samanje. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu isitsha kokuba amawindi amancane amaningana. Chamber egcwele uketshezi ekhethekile futhi ibekwe kazibuthe. Njalo sebenzisa ingcindezi ngenhla ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa cryostat, okuyinto eyayidingeka ukuze kuphole okusebenzayo okusamanzi (GC), amathumba ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngokushesha ngaphambi ukukhululwa izakhi enemisebe kusukela namafutha is depressurized Emakamelweni angaphakathi amakhosi, futhi ithola esishisa bhé ketshezi. Konke has a icala isendleleni eshiya Bubbles abilayo ketshezi. Ukuze ngokwanele ofeza ukuphendula kuphela ingxenye microsecond. Ngokuphazima kweso Bubbles baba umyalo sezingeni elikhulu. Ukukhanyisa isibani bese kufakwe amakhamera amathathu, ngawo-stereo wokubuka.

Esigabeni sokugcina ukuhlola

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina lwenziwe ukuhlaziywa eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye trajectory uhlamvu icala izinhlayiya enemisebe. Kukhona amacala lapho izithombe ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa wayebaphatha izinyanga. Uma uthola Kuvunguza, ke kuyinkomba ukudlula i-electron. Okubizwa ngokuthi "ipulaki" wakhuluma khona izinhlayiya hlangothi. Ezimweni eziningi, esekelwe idatha etholwe 3-izithombe, kulinganiswa ngokucophelela ukunyakaza trajectory izakhi. Uma uphatha ukubuyisela ngokuphelele isithombe, kwakunokwenzeka ukwakha isithombe ezintathu-ntathu. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kwenzeke, ngokulinganisa kososayensi, kodwa isifundo esinjalo kungase kuthathe iminyaka engu. Isimo sashintsha nge Njengoba sekunama-computer, okuyinto yashesha kakhulu inqubo.

On izinzuzo usebenzisa lolu hlobo ikhamera

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, kudivayisi ngokuya isimiso isinyathelo azifane kokusungulwa Wilson. Kodwa zikhona eziningi eziwusizo. Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha isivinini yokusebenza, okuyinto cishe ukwazi ukulungisa phezu isithombe mkhuba eziphawulekayo.

Enye inzuzo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi njengoba uketshezi ukusebenza esetshenziswa izinto flowable kokuba high density. It is kakhulu kwandisa amathuba okuba kuzokwenzekani uma kwenzeka naphakathi elindelwe. Iyini inzuzo ekamelweni bubble, ngakho-ke wukuthi umjikelezo umsebenzi wakhe uthatha isikhathi esincane. Lokhu ipharamitha kumane imfuneko ukusetshenziswa idivayisi accelerators ezinhlobo ezehlukene. Esishisa bhé ketshezi ingatholakala ngokushesha ngokwanele, idinga kuphela ukwehlisa ingcindezi ohlelweni. Lapha, isimiso, zonke izinzuzo ezinkulu kule divayisi.

Kancane mayelana amaphutha

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, manje kukhona nje lenqwaba izinzwa ezihlukahlukene electronic, ngokunemba high ukuthola izinto kwesokudla ngesivinini ukukhetha izinto ofuna ukucacisa zemidwebo ngakuthathu. Kungenxa understeer kukhona bokwenza eyinhloko ekamelweni bubble. Njengomthetho, iningi Imiphumela akusho lutho isithakazelo kwesayensi, kodwa ukwenqaba ezingadingekile esitfombeni, kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside. Enye kusimo wukuthi idivayisi awulona kungenzeka ukuze uqalise ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi, lokhu kungenxa inertia we uketshezi ukusebenza, kanye nemingcele ngokomzimba. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo amaphutha thina sasisuke, asihambe olwengeziwe.

Ohlangothini lobuchwepheshe

Phakathi ukusetshenziswa le ndlela ukuthola izinhlayiya icala kwathiwa bhalisiwe amakhophi nje phezu 100 bubble chamber. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, sisebenzisa ezihlukahlukene zoketshezi, ezifana-helium, i-hydrogen, freon, Xenon, propane nabanye. Kuyefana nasendleleni izinga lokushisa, elaqala futhi saphela ngokukhululwa iyunithi aphansi kakhulu zasendlini Xenon. "Gargamel" - zinyanga bubble chamber, circuit akuyona ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka kwabanye. Kodwa ngo egumbini lakhe wawudla izindwali nge mayelana 18 amathani Freon. Le divayisi ovunyelwe ukwenza intuba enkulu izikhathi - budlelwane emkhatsini amaphuzu aqondene nokuthile nqgo. Isifanekiso ngobukhulu kwadingeka ububanzi 4.5 amamitha. Kudivayisi ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa hydrogen. Kodwa inkinga kwakungekona yokuthi usungula booster entsha elikhiphe imishayo izinhlayiya enemisebe ngesivinini, ngakho akukho emakamelweni bubble kuthiwa, asisakwazi ukumelana nalomsebenzi.

Amanye amaphuzu asemqoka

Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi okwamanje idatha ikhamera alisetshenziswa. Cishe bonke kubo Ubhale bakhishwe akhawunti, kodwa kwacaca ukuthi, kwaba isinqumo ngokuphamazela. Ngo-2002, izinhlayiya omusha obizwa ngokuthi pentakvarty avuleka usebenzisa Bubbles. Kodwa futhi lokhu akukhona umphumela izifundo ngawo lowo nyaka, futhi iyunithi test izithombe etholwe eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Lithi ungathola into ebaluleke kulokho okuye kwenziwa esikhathini esidlule.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla ama-ubuchwepheshe besimanje uphakeme kakhulu kangangokuthi ukucutshungulwa esithombeni ngasinye izohamba isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo ukuphumelela kwalesi uhlobo ithrekhi umtshina okwamanje ngempela ongaphakeme, ngakho-ke kuhle ukusebenzisa isidingo kubo, kodwa uma idatha zokuhlola kungaba wusizo namuhla.

isiphetho

Nokho, yilokho ukuthi kungashiwo ukuthi ikamelo bubble ezinjalo. Idivayisi wesifunda ulula, njengoba zonke newukuhlakanipha. Kuwufanele kokusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana nekusebenta Imishini enjalo kuxhomeke kakhulu ubukhulu babo. I emikhulu egumbini, ngcono amathuba ukuthola into ewusizo. Noma kunjalo, ukwanda ngobukhulu kwandisa intengo zokwakha kanye uketshezi ukusebenza, okuyinto ine izindleko umxhwele ngezinga elikhulu. Manje uyazi ukuthi ikamelo bubble, isimiso ogxile ketshezi ebilayo. Lo mphumela ibilokhu wafunda kude naseduze, ngakho manje kubhekwe ukuba izinzwa ehlobene kakhulu electronic ukuthi ziphumelela kangcono kuzo zonke izici.