"Mriya" AN-225. Ukubuyekeza, Ukucaciswa, izithombe. ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla esindayo

Airliner An-225 "Mriya", okusho zitholakala ngezansi isithombe, iyona kunazo ezisindayo-duty indiza ka konke wake landizela emoyeni. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke ukusuka yayo isisindo ilingana amathani 640. Ukudala imodeli kwakubangelwa isidingo sokuthi kwakhiwe uhlelo air zokuthutha izidingo yephrojekthi esebenza mkhathi namaSoviet "Buran". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwamanje le ndiza, kunekhophi eyodwa kuphela. Konke lokhu nokuningi kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Oda ukuklama

Phakathi kuka-1988 iSoviet Union, uhulumeni ethunywe Design Antonov bureau ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi kanye ukwakha indiza entsha. Le mfuneko esemqoka, okuyinto wafakwa phambili naye, uyokwazi ukuthutha mkhathi "Buran". Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza kuhloswe ukuba lisetshenziswe kulo mkhakha womsebenzi njengoba ezokuthutha izindiza, obekungadala ngenxa kuye ukuze afeze ezokuthutha imishini emikhulu amafutha, ukwakhiwa kanye nezimayini izimboni.

eyandulela

Ngaphezu kwakho konke ezinye izidingo, phambi Abaklami kwadingeka umsebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa izindleko izindiza ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukunciphisa isikhathi sokwakha yayo. Kule ndaba, banquma ukuba basekele umklamo, kanye amayunithi eziyisisekelo futhi izingxenye kwezinye onobuhle ezinkulu - the AN-124 "Ruslan". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi-ke ngokuqinisekile temabhodlela uhlu "Kuhle izindiza Ukrainian" (isithombe isitsha ngezansi).

indiza yayo yokuqala kule liner wenza ekupheleni 1982. ezokuthutha izici zalo zazikunye phakathi best emhlabeni. Ubufakazi okuphawuleka yokuthi ngemuva ukubonakala "Ruslan" ezinye izinkampani Aerospace emhlabeni aseqalile ngenkuthalo acwenge isitsha air zokuthutha yabo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi baseMelika ubani ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa project yabo "Lockheed" - C-5A "Galaxy".

Lolu cwaningo kwangaphambilini wabonisa ukuthi esindayo yezokuthutha izindiza izinkomba ezifana umthwalo umthamo, owayekwazi ukuqhuba izakhi abamelwe akuzona kuphela "Buran" uhlelo, ngisho e-oxygen ne-hydrogen amathangi we rocket "Amandla" esimweni iboshiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa umsila wakhe izimpaphe odnokilevym ezokuthutha zangaphandle imithwalo eside yayingasekho nhlobo indlela yokubaleka.

izinguquko Key

Abaklami zishintshile ukuze "Mriya" umklamo wamaphiko. Mayelana ne ukwengeza izigaba ezingeziwe isikhungo ikhuphukile umfutho wabo. Umklamo i-iphiko Ukukhweza phezu pylons kuyafana, kodwa inani labo lenyuka kuya kweziyisithupha. Uma usayizi fuselage cross-section, uma iqhathaniswa naso ukuguqulwa langaphambilini, azishintshile, ubude ingqikithi sikebhe anda. Ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo, kwanqunywa phezu Ukuqedwa wezimpahla tailgate nawo wonke amadivayisi eyenzelwe yokulayisha athula. Ukuze ukufinyelela egumbini umthwalo ikhala likhuphuka umkhumbi. Sekukonke, kuvulwa noma sokuvalwa kummango ithatha imizuzu engaba yishumi. Ukuze "Ruslan" imodeli esungulwe Racks emihlanu ehlukene nge amasondo ayiwele naye, ezaziyincithakalo ngumgogodla ukuze chassis, ku An-225 kunyuke isibalo sabo eziyisikhombisa. Empennage ukuthi kungenzeka ezokuthutha kwezimpahla ngaphandle komzimba wawenziwa ezimbili keel.

isethulo

AN-225 "Mriya" wethulwa Soviet zomphakathi Umklami Jikelele Antonov bureau, i-PV Balabuevym, Novemba 30, 1988. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, onjiniyela airliner lokuqala iphuma out zalesi sihlahla inhlangano. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva umshini bazocula aqondisa wabo wokuqala kule airfield kwemboni, okungukuthi ukusebenzisa ngesivinini esingafinyelela ku-200 km / h, iyaphenduka ukhwela ngaphambili yokubeka chassis. February 1, 1989 e esikhumulweni sezindiza "Borispol" yaqale oboniswa ongoti angaphandle kanye nezintatheli.

I qala-off

Ekuqaleni, abaklami kuhlelwe ukwenza DEBUT yabo emoyeni Take-off December 20, 1988. Nokho, ngenxa yezimo ezimbi sezulu (imimoya enamandla kanye namafu ongaphakeme) kulesi sehlakalo umisiwe. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngosuku olulandelayo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, emva kuyiwe amamitha 950, isikebhe kalula phansi bese uqale ukukhuphuka. indiza liner Esokuqala sasithatha 1 ihora, amaminithi 14. Into esemqoka ukuthi ngabe ukucacisa lapho abakhi AN-225 "Mriya" - izimfanelo ohlelweni isitsha ukuphathwa, kanye ukunemba kanye ukuthembeka ukusebenza ku-ibhodi imishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela kwadingeka ukuba ngcono sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza izilungiso imishini. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela indiza, bafika esiphethweni sokuthi zonke izinhlelo kanye izingxenye usebenza ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele idatha ibalwa. Disemba 28, 1988 airliner kwenziwe enye indiza isheke.

amarekhodi

Ngo-March 22, 1989 kwaba engavamile kakhulu okuhleliwe indiza yendiza "Mriya" (An-225). izici Kobuchwepheshe liner nginikelé wonke preconditions, ukuphula amarekhodi eziningana zezwe. Kulungiselelwa lesi senzakalo bahileleke ochwepheshe abaningi - abahloli, abaklami, ochwepheshe, onjiniyela nama-pilot. Ngemva kokucabangela izimpahla myalo, ogama isisindo kwaba amathani 156,3, nophethiloli yamathebhu-izimbobo kwatywinwa ishumi. Ngokulandelayo, isitsha ngaphandle kwezinkinga sathandwa emoyeni, futhi emva kwemizuzu 45 bese ifike ngempumelelo. Ngalesi isikhathi esifushane le AN-225 "Mriya" Kwagqashuka 110 amarekhodi emhlabeni. impumelelo ezedlule American "Boeing 747-400" e izinkomba ezifana esiphezulu ukusuka isisindo weqiwe by kakhulu ngendlela 104 amathani. Izibuyekezo Ochwepheshe wakufakazela ukuthi An-225 ulinde ngokuzuma iyezwakala.

Ukusebenza kwe-imigomo esemqoka

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, ukubeka umhlaba uloba kwakungelona iwumgomo oyinhloko ekwakhiweni izinto ezintsha. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, phambi izindiza umgomo yangaphandle kwaba lokuhambisa eziyinkimbinkimbi isikhala "Buran". indiza yakhe yokuqala nge umthwalo onjalo ku liner "emuva" wenza Meyi 13, 1989, lapho silethwa cosmodrome "Baikonur". Amatilosi, eholwa A. Galunenkom, ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa maneuverability bomkhumbi nge "Buran" ebhodini, kanye ukukala ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela nesivinini indiza ezihlukahlukene izimo. Emalangeni alitjhumi ngemva kwalokho indiza eyenziwa thro wokushayela izindiza kuyi-umzila "Baikonur-Kiev". Ibanga 2700 amakhilomitha kulokhu yathinteka for 4 ihora nemizuzu engu-25. Izithombe indiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ne "Buran" ebhodini unikezwa ngezansi.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba commercial

Aseqala indiza kwezentengiselwano An-225 ukwenze ngo-May 1990. Khona-ke airliner perevoz ugandaganda ekhethekile "T-800" (isisindo saso singamakhilogremu amathani angaphezu kuka-100) Chelyabinsk Yakutia. Ngemva wazithola esesifundazweni esikhumulweni sezindiza, ngokushesha wangena imvelo isixuku vostorzhonnoy. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le uhambo kwaba kude ngephutha. It kwakubaluleke kakhulu hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa umnotho kazwelonke, njengoba kwenziwe ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa amakhono yezokuthutha izindiza ezimweni ezinzima, kokubili e-Arctic. Ngokusho imiphumela Abaklami owawuse eziningi izifundo eziwusizo futhi sifinyelele eziphethweni eziwusizo.

Izici Key

Omunye izinzuzo main of "Mriya" izindiza (AN-225) - ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, idatha yendiza. Liner ifakwe eziyisithupha turbojet izinjini, ababiziweyo D-18T. Isisindo ngamunye kubo idlula uphawu kwamathani amane. wawo Imininingwane kulingana 1377 kN, okuyinto engakaze ibonwe kulo value. Phakathi Take-off, yilowo nalowo kubo ine okukhipha, okuyinto 12 500 amahhashi. Namaphiko e indiza 88,4 amamitha, kuyilapho endaweni - 905 square metres. Njengoba for ubukhulu, ubude nokuphakama uyalingana 84 futhi 18.1 amamitha, ngokulandelana.

AN-225 ijubane sihamba isethwe ngezithuba 850 km / h. Kuncike ugcwalise ngokugcwele isitsha fuel amathangi uyakwazi ukuba banqobe ayizinkulungwane 15 amakhilomitha esimweni ezingenalutho, nezinkulungwane 4.5 amakhilomitha nge umthwalo esiphezulu. Inkokhelo airliner kwaba amathani 250. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uyakwazi ukufeza izindiza bafinyelele endaweni engamamitha 11,000 amamitha. Ngokuphathelene izimfuneko evulekile, ubude bayo kumele kube okungenani angu-3. Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela umshini kuyinto amathani engaba ngu-16 ngehora (sicabangela operation sihamba ngesivinini esiphelele futhi umthwalo ephelele).

amathuba

Indiza uyakwazi ngqo zokuthutha naphakathi kwezimpahla, ogama isisindo angaba ngu-200, futhi InterContinental ezokuthutha imithwalo amathani afinyelela ku-150. Ngaphandle phezu fuselage izindiza okuthwala izinto besiyoba sikhulu ezinesisindo angaba ngu-200. I gumbi wezimpahla iyona An-225 kuyinto ngempela evulekile. Ikakhulukazi, ngaphandle kwezinkinga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle fuselage 16 izindiza ihlanganise iziqukathi jikelele VAR-10 (10 amathani), 50 Monocargo izimoto noma angaba ngu-200 (amaloli, ugesi, izinjini ezisebenza, njll). Ukuze ukulayisha futhi athula imodeli ifakwe wonke eziyinkimbinkimbi, okubandakanya ezine ephakamisa indlela ethwele amandla amathani amahlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami womkhumbi abahlinzeke ngamawinji ezimbili.

iqembu

Ukulawula indiza An-225 "Mriya" Kwenziwa crew, esakhiwa abantu abayisithupha. Ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela abanikeze asebenza nabo, esihlalweni abashayeli lokuqala nelesibili anemisila lonke uhlelo yeziqondiso futhi zikwazi ukujikeleza. Ngemuva kwabo yisazi sitlolwe navigation kanye nokukhulumisana. Kwesokudla lapho kwakubusa abanikeze asebenza nabo zitholakala on-ebhodini onjiniyela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezikhaleni ezilungiselelwe crew isipele ngaphakathi izindiza. Inkosi gumbi ifakwe ingqikithi izihlalo eziyisithupha, kanye yesibili - nambili. Ukuze ube induna nezisebenzi walo mshini, umshayeli wendiza kufanele babe nesipiliyoni imodeli ukuphathwa An-124 "Ruslan", ehlanganisa neminyaka engu-hhayi angaphansi kwamahlanu.

Avionics

Ngo Avionics Model AN-225 "Mriya" kuhlanganisa automatic control indiza ukusebenza uhlelo, futhi isibonisi imephu ashukumisayo. Kulokhu, ngabaqaphi electronic, okuyinto zenzelwe control electronic, bengekho. gumbi acinene ihlukaniswe ezimbili zone Kwe-dielectric Heating. Ziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa phansi radar Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, radar kanye uhlelo phambili. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe reserve amayunithi nazi Inkomba ukuphakama sengqondo inkomba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cab inesikhombisi isikhundla fuel iziyisikhombisa, izinkomba ngamandla ukwelula, kuka izinzwa ukusuka kanye namadivayisi kokwehla nokulawula evele.

nokuzalwa kabusha

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, izindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni azizange wafuna. Ngo-1994, izindiza kwalo inqanyulwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini nezinye izinto naye ngaso sonke baphuthunyiswe okwengeziwe ukusebenzisa "Ruslan". Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, minyaka yonke ezingasho yayisibona isidingo kuphrojekthi yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule onesihloko esithi "Mriya": izindiza ezinkulu ezivela kwezinye abakhiqizi eziholela baye bahluleka ukuba ubhekane nezingcindezi imisebenzi abekade kuphela AN-225 imodeli. Ngenxa yalokho, abaklami Ushintshe liner ukuze kuqinisekiswe nokuhambisana namazinga akhona ku civil aviation.

"Mriya" iyona lokuzalwa yesibili May 7, 2001. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke, ngemva uchungechunge iphelela, ematfuba kanye test liner wabuye wavuka emoyeni. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu kwaphawulwa nge uphawu UR-82060 laselikhala eholwa umshayeli AV Galunenko. Umshini labetibambile cishe imizuzu engu-nanhlanu emoyeni, bese ifike ngokuphepha. May 23, 2011 isitsha lithole zonke izitifiketi ezidingekayo, kuhlanganise ngamazwe. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuthutha commercial kwezimpahla.

ikhophi yesibili

Kusukela ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa kwalesi AN-225 "Mriya" Kwakuhlelwe ukudala amakhophi amabili kulo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, umshini yesibili usuphothuliwe futhi wayengekho. Isizathu salokhu kwaba yokuntuleka kwezimali ngendlela efanele lo msebenzi. Okwamanje, yena endaweni ye Antonov endaweni yokukhanda. Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi inani elithile Imininingwane ekuzimiseleni ayo angu-70. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, njengoba nenkathi yamaSoviet kwaba fuselage, iphiko namaphakathi sigaba. Ngokusho abaklami, ukuqedela lo mshini Kungenzeka, kodwa kuthatha imali, okulingana abangaba yizigidi ezingu-150 aseMelika. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma ikhasimende noma umxhasi.

Ezinye izici "Mriya" izindiza

Ukuze siqinisekise ukuphepha ngesikhathi indiza maphakathi gravity indiza nge wezimpahla kumele afakwe obuphelele ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile. Kule ndaba, loading kwenzeka ngokuhambisana isiqondiso. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu nqubo yisibopho nomsizi. Kuye yaholela abanye abakhiqizi ukuthutha lo mkhumbi ingasetshenziswa yini, ngakho ibhodi is zithutha ikhophi siqu zedivayisi. Lena ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla esindayo, ngenxa isisindo obukhulu imoto phezu kwendawo egandaywe ngamatshe njalo ahlale iminonjana chassis. Kulokhu, izindleko omunye isondo iqala nge uphawu eziyinkulungwane aseMelika.