Imikhiqizo Petroleum - siyini lesi, futhi asetshenziselwa lapho?

Amafutha (noma "amafutha") - fuel ketshezi wezinsalela zamandulo kokuba imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo. Lolu hlobo nenye hydrocarbon nge compounds eziqukethe umoya-mpilo, isibabule nitrogen.

Uyini uwoyela?

imikhiqizo Petroleum - ingxube etholwe emva ukucutshungulwa "igolide omnyama". Ekuqaleni eyenziwa ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Khona-ke ukusula. Ngo uwoyela cishe anamakhulu mahlanu chemical compounds. Bonke ezifundeni ezahlukene wokuhlanganisa. Kungenzeka gaseous, okuqinile futhi uketshezi.

Indlela ukucacisa khona wamafutha anokungcola?

Ukunqunywa wamafutha amanzi angcolile ezivezwa izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• namandla adonsela phansi;
• igesi chromatography;
• IR spectrometry.

Nge ngendlela efanele kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindlela kwaveza imiphumela olunembile ukucacisa khona uwoyela ngobuningi. Kunezindlela ezimbili ukunquma. Kodwa ukukhombisa akukalungi kahle imiphumela olunembile futhi zidinga ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe. Indlela eyisisekelo sokunquma uwoyela ibizwa ngokuthi amandla adonsela phansi.

Inani uwoyela Industrial

Oil - omunye impahla eyigugu kakhulu eluhlaza, okuyinto unegama yesibili - "igolide omnyama". Futhi zonke ngoba izwe lapho kukhona ezifakwa lokhu ezimbiwa phansi uphethiloli ketshezi, ohola umnotho wembulunga yonke. imikhiqizo Petroleum - icutshungulwe imikhiqizo uwoyela okuyinto Bangene yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi womuntu.

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, abantu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinto noma izinto ezenziwe "igolide omnyama". Futhi ngokuvamile ngisho uqaphele ukuthi ingxenye yezinto evamile ekuphileni zihlanganisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. It kettles, ukugeza imishini, amathoyizi nokunye okuningi.

Baphi uwoyela?

Lokugcina "igolide abamnyama" namafutha ayiswa izigubhu ezikhethekile, okuyinto asethwe hhayi kuphela embonini kawoyela, kodwa futhi iziteshi uzotshala kanye nama-liquid. Futhi ngesikhathi izitshalo reprocessing, ithangi amapulazi kanye esiteshini igesi.

Tank for imikhiqizo kaphethiloli ezenziwe ngezinto okungezona ezivuthayo. I izitsha zingafakwa ngokuqondile phansi noma ngaphansi kwalo. Okubukwe kakhulu - amathangi cylindrical, ezenziwe ngensimbi. Ngo izitshalo ezincane ngobuningi efakwe sub- nangaphezulu-emhlabathini cylindrical ovundlile amathangi. Okusatshalalisiwe RV amathangi nge eyindilinga futhi oyindilinga ophahleni asezindongeni. Phansi flat yabo.

Amadamu kungaba aphansi, aphezulu kanye Umfutho. inothile imikhiqizo uwoyela petroleum zigcinwa ikakhulukazi yopata. ukusebenza Secure futhi efanele amathangi inikezwa yi imishini ekhethekile eyengeziwe.

Ukulawula izinga kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli

imikhiqizo uwoyela izinga iyenziwa ku amasampula laboratory indlela. Njengoba irisidi wezinsalela ketshezi kuze ukusetshenziswa sokugcina. ngezinye izikhathi uwoyela Amasampula kuhluke. Izinga "igolide abamnyama" ngezindlela eziningi incike indawo yayo ukujula. A uwoyela amaminerali ziyehluka indawo kanye indlela ekukhiqizeni njengoba lithwalwa. Elibalulekile isimo futhi isitoreji isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kukhona izivakashi, ngubani kufanele siqondiswe ekunqumeni izinga kwemikhiqizo kawoyela.

Kukuziphi izici asetshenziselwa imikhiqizo uwoyela uwoyela?

Omunye izici ezibaluleke kakhulu uwoyela - evutha. Ngakho-ke, kwasekuqaleni, lokhu wezinsalela zamandulo ketshezi lisetshenziswe umkhakha njengoba nophethiloli. uwoyela Modern fuel yakhiwa ezingaphezu kuka-50%. Endaweni yesibili ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo uwoyela petroleum kuyinto sphere yasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngendlela izinto yesibili eluhlaza kusetshenziswa imithi futhi Cosmetology. Ubucwebe wenza ongahluziwe kanye zokwenziwa izindwangu.

Esebenzisa amafutha kanye imfucuza zalo njengoba injalo iluhlaza?

Ngo ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni kungamafutha wezinsalela zamandulo yemvelo ewuketshezi kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa. Kuphela ekwakhiweni ahamba nezintambo zikagesi. Ngemva isizinda "igolide abamnyama" sihamba ukucutshungulwa ekhethekile. Okokuqala, impahla eluhlaza is bahlanza. Khona-ke, processing eyinhloko. Ngalesi sikhathi amafutha distilled, lihlukaniswa ngezingxenye zalo ephambili. Khona-ke ukuphathwa yesibili "amafutha" lapho Ushintshe ezimbiwa phansi kwemvelo carbon isakhiwo.

Ukusebenzisa embonini kawoyela

Ukusingathwa "amafutha" asetshenziselwa i-ukukhiqizwa coke elivele ke lisetshenziswe yokusansimbi, nokukhandwa zokushisela electrode. uwoyela kabusha - la mafutha. Russia - kwelinye lamazwe ukuthi ine phezu yayo izinqolobane insimu enkulu "igolide black", ukukhiqizwa yayo yenziwa unyaka wonke.

Kukhona ngisho zinhlobo ngokuthi "amafutha elimhlophe", equkethe amaphesenti kaphalafini ezingaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalombili, isetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza. Abelaphi bendabuko zenziwa isithako nomuthi uwoyela ezinjalo, ukulibopha namafutha.

Ngemva kokuqala ukucutshungulwa yi ku izinhlobo ezahlukene izinto:

• uwoyela diesel;
• uphethiloli;
• jet futhi diesel ;
• lamafutha;
• uthambise;
• igesi kuncibilike.

Ngemva uwoyela fuel livela uwoyela asalile ezisetshenziswa emasimini ukukhiqiza ukudla:

• ibitume;
• upharafini;
• fuel Liquid for the okokubilisa;
• Abaningi uwoyela;
• asphalt.

Izingxenye etholakala phakathi ukucutshungulwa kokuqala amafutha asetshenziswa emkhakheni yezimonyo, nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo kanye nezindlu.

Ngemva kabusha amafutha asetshenziswa womshini:

• iraba;
• polymers;
• izindwangu zokwenziwa;
• iraba;
• ifilimu izinto;
• insipho;
• paintwork;
• umquba;
• zokuhamba t. d.

Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela izimonyo

Ikhwalithi ephezulu zeminye imikhiqizo uwoyela ukuze ivumelane izicelo ahlukahlukene Cosmetology. Revised "igolide abamnyama" Wawugujelwani ithunzi, upende, amapensela for amehlo nezindebe. Iningi amakha amanzi yangasese kancane aqukethe uwoyela amaminerali. Futhi bayingxenye udayi ezahlukene kanye jewelry.

Ukusetshenziswa "igolide abamnyama" kwezokwelapha

Petroleum - processing esidlule futhi yayifuna kanjalo "igolide omnyama". Kwatholakala okuningi izakhiwo ewusizo ukuthi bathole isicelo kwezokwelapha. Okuvame kakhulu imithi - acetylsalicylic acid, noma "aspirin". Ekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ososayensi bathole indlela kukhishwe phenol kusukela izidakamizwa. Ngezinye isisekelo sayo manje wenza:

• imithi elwa namagciwane;
• nemithi yokulwa nezifo yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini;
• antiseptics;
• elwa ne-TB;
• sedatives.

Amafutha e ukubunjwa ukudla

Ezikhathini zanamuhla, uwoyela - lokhu kuyingxenye yezingxenye ukudla okuthile. Sebenzisa izinsiza ketshezi semvelo sokudla komuntu uye waba kungenzeka ngenxa amaprotheni zamagama. It ikhiqizwa samafutha angcolile. I kwaphumela amaprotheni yokufakelwa ingena esikhundleni kahle isilwane futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenziwa imikhiqizo eminingi ukudla.

Ukuze kwenziwe uhlu lwazo konke ikhiqizwa petroleum, kungaba isikhathi eside. Lokhu izinto eziningi esetshenziswa abantu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. bekholelwa kulokho uwoyela - isizathu esiyinhloko ukukhula intengo yalo evamile. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso, njengoba "igolide abamnyama" unika ithuba zishise, ukuhambisa ngokushesha, kodwa futhi kukusiza ukuba ukudala izimo ukhululekile ekhaya. Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni kunzima ngokwanele ukuba ucabange.