Kumaphi amazwe kuvumelekile ukubulawa kwesiguli? Izinhlobo ukubulawa kwesiguli kanye nesimo sengcondvo lesibi

Ngo ukubulawa kwesiguli Greek - "ukufa ezinhle" futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kungenzeka umuntu nezibi ukuba bafe ngokusuka kubo, ngaphandle ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka, asekelwe noma uphikise zenkolo, wokuziphilisa, futhi abezokwelapha. Namuhla, siyazi lapho amazwe bavunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli. Bona, ngenhlanhla yasungulwa ngisho okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi ezokuvakasha wezokwelapha - ukuzibulala ezokuvakasha, okungukuthi, kungenzeka uhambo ukuba ubalekele ukuphila ngaphandle ukubambezeleka zomthetho.

indaba

Eqinisweni, ukubulawa kwabantu abagulayo ngisho nokuvusa izingane wayekwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Igama elithi elisuka ngesiGreki, njengoba kwakunjalo amaGreki wathatha ngowokuqala ngenxa yokuqhuba comrades eyayilimele empini, ngakho musa wahlushwa ukulimala ezingelapheki. Sonke khumbula, kanye lasendulo iSparta, okwathi baxoshwa kwewa ezigulayo noma izingane nabakhubazekile hhayi kuphela ukuqeda ukukhathazeka ngokwabo, kodwa ukuze aqede ukuhlupheka kwengane. By the way, umkhuba onjalo, ethnographers ucwaningo, babe lisetshenziswa phakathi abantu basendulo babengazi, ezifana eNyakatho Ekude noma iPacific ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19.

Ezweni lanamuhla ngaphambi kwempi yezwe yesibili kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, sasingavinjelwe on ukubulawa kwesiguli, futhi akuyona nemfundiso kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi umphakathi. Nokho, uhlelo T4 amaNazi, lapho amaJalimane onilwelayo ubumsulwa emncintiswaneni Aryan, wabulala abantu ebhasha ngokwengqondo ngisho nezingane, kanye iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka engqondweni, ehlisa lezi imibono iminyaka 50 ezayo.

Theory kanye umkhuba of ukubulawa kwesiguli

Ezweni lanamuhla elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe of ukubulawa kwesiguli - ukuqedwa ngenhlonipho lempilo umuntu ogulela ukufa nge kwemvume yakhe (noma izihlobo zakhe) ukuze ayibulale esakhumbula usizi lwakhe. It isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezimweni lapho izinga lempilo isiguli ezingeni eliphansi kunawo wonke, futhi isebuhlungwini, futhi akukho amathuba yokutakula.

Futhi, izinhlobo ezimbili ukubulawa kwesiguli ababonakali ngezikhundla namuhla:

• Passive - osebenza ezimweni lapho isiguli ixhunywe ohlelweni yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe. Kulokhu, odokotela umane anqunywe indoda kusukela kumadivayisi abambisana ukuphila. Ngokuvamile wenziwa iziguli equlekile okujulile kwemvume izihlobo.
• Active - ukwethulwa izidakamizwa isiguli, ekuqinisekiseni ukufa esheshayo nengebuhlungu. Lokhu ngokuvamile umjovo noma imithi ewuketshezi, emele cocktail of sedatives, barbiturates futhi izinzwa. Lokhu kubandakanya izimo lapho udokotela anganikeza umuntu nge lemali edingekayo imithi yakhe Ukuzinakekela zokuphila.

netinhlangotsi letehlukene ukubulawa kwesiguli

Inxanxathela nelesabekayo okukhethayo - ukuqhubeka ngiphila ngesifo esingenakwelashwa, ukuzwisa ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka, ngaleyo ndlela dooming ukuba izihlobo, noma ukwenza isinqumo nje umuntu namanje akwazi ukuzindla ngendlela enengqondo - lena inkinga eyinhloko ukubulawa kwesiguli. The main izikhubekiso ezindabeni semthethweni yayo - esemthethweni nesezingeni nakwezenkolo.

Isici elula - zomthetho. Emazweni lapho ukubulawa kwesiguli asivumelekile, kuthathwa kufana nokubulala. Kwezinye nezinye izifundazwe, njengoba enjalo, ukubulawa kwesiguli akuvumelekile, kodwa sisetshenziswa, kodwa zigutshuzelwe ngamanye nezinqubo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze udokotela kokwenza inqubo, ababengazange balwe nezinkinga umthetho esikhathini esizayo.

Nzima ne izici zokuziphatha nezenkolo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba nokuzibulala nokubulala, ezinkolweni eziningi kuyisono ofayo, futhi kunikezwa ngisho isimo yaseSoviet yokuthuthela umfutho ophakeme umuntu kulezi zindaba. ngokuvamile Isimo ayikwazi ukuthatha umthwalo nokuxazulula ukulahla impilo yomunye, ngisho kwemvume nesineke. Futhi odokotela abaningi musa alinge ukuba bafeze imisebenzi efana ziphikisana izimiso zokuziphatha hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba Hippocratic Izifungo.

eRussia

Ekhuluma kumaphi amazwe bavunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli Kumelwe kuphawulwe futhi ukuthi Russian Federation akufakiwe kulolu hlu. Ezweni lethu ke ulinganiswa lokubulala degree of umthwalo, futhi lolu daba kuphethwe Criminal Code kanye nomthetho, okungukuthi zoMthetho Federal № 323 "Ngesisekelo Ukuvikelwa zezempilo Russian Federation."

Sikhishwe kumaphi amazwe bavunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli sabezinye izizwe, izakhamuzi zaseRussia bangenza okusemandleni ukuze kohambo zokugcina komunye wabo. Isikhathi sokugcina ngo-2007 ngenxa zamaphini wenza isiphakamiso sokuchibiyela Criminal Code futhi uvumela ukubulawa kwesiguli eRussia, kodwa isiphakamiso kwamhlangabeza ethukuthele ezivunguvungwini umphakathi futhi likhishwa.

Ngiyiphi inarha lapha uvunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli zabantu

Ngemva ukucekelwa ezigidi zabantu zibulawa amaNazi ukubulawa kwesiguli kwakungavunyelwe emhlabeni wonke umphakathi ophucukile. iminyaka engu-50 kuphela kamuva, umbuzo baphakamisa eYurophu. Ngenxa yalesi manje sesiyazi lapho amazwe bavunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli. Uhlu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Netherlands.
• Belgium.
• Luxembourg.
• Albania.
• Switzerland (e Zurich kuphela).
• United States (kuphela Vermont, Oregon, Washington, Georgia).
• Canada.

Ecacisa kumaphi amazwe bavunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli, siphawula ukuthi kukhona amazwe lapho kungekho semthethweni esisemthethweni, kodwa kukhona izibonelo kwenzeke. Kuyinto Japan neColombia. Kula mazwe, ezimweni ezithile ngisho zenzeka umbango. Noma kunjalo, kula mazwe, ukubulawa kwesiguli Kuyinto engenzeka ngempela.

umkhuba yesimanje

Ngo-1984, i-Netherlands lokuqala ibhaliswe ngokomthetho ilungelo lokuhoxa zokuzithandela ezivela ekuphileni abantu kanzima futhi kabuhlungu iyagula. Ukulandela umkhuba yeNetherlands belekelelwa Benelux amazwe, okungukuthi eBelgium Luxembourg. E Luxembourg, ngasendleleni, isiguli uhlose ukuthola ukubulawa kwesiguli, kumelwe ukuthola imvume ka odokotela ababili. Lapha odokotela ukwenza bese ugcine amarekhodi afanele ukuze afakazele ukuthi isinqumo ukufa wayebulawa wenza iziguli noma izihlobo, kodwa akazange abe iphutha noma intando lobugebengu udokotela.

Ngo-1999, i-Albania ukuvumele ukubulawa kwesiguli yokwenziwa iziguli equlekile e khona izihlobo ezintathu kwemvume. Naphezu zomthetho inqubo ukugunyazwa, iSonto LamaKatolika, okuyinto enamandla kakhulu kuleli zwe, wahlanganyela inkulumo-ze ukwenqatshelwa kokusetshenziswa kwabantwana ukubulawa kwesiguli.

Kusukela ngo-2002, umthetho-Dutch on ukubulawa kwesiguli unezingane kweminyaka engu-12, futhi kusukela 2014 eBelgium, imiphi imikhawulo uye wavunyelwa, okungukuthi, ngisho ingane zanoma iyiphi iminyaka ukwazi euthanized ngenkululeko umzali wakhe noma umnakekeli.

Njengoba eNetherlands and Belgium - ezweni nomunye izimo mildest of ukubulawa kwesiguli, amandla ukugeleza izivakashi ukukhathazeka ukuzibulala eziningi caveats, izimo nezinqubo toughening. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyaqondakala ukuthi phakathi isiguli kanye nodokotela kufanele abe ubuhlobo obufudumele.

Selokhu 1941, ukubulawa kwesiguli akuvumelekile Canton of Zürich eSwitzerland. Futhi yilapha lapho ukuzibulala ezokuvakasha kuchuma, ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi baseNgilandi naseJalimane, ngokwazi kumaphi amazwe bavunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli, it is uya Zurich ngokuba ngomjovo obulalayo. Ngenxa umsungulo kwemithetho yendawo abantu ngokoqobo kulayini i ithuba ukubaleka ukuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze 2011, lo mbuzo: "kumaphi amazwe kuvumelekile ukubulawa kwesiguli enempilo, okuwukuthi, elingelona abagulela ukufa?" - Okhahlamba kwadingeka impendulo: "Zurich". umphakathi Ahlubukayo baphoqa uHulumeni ukuba abambe iqhaza izichibiyelo ezifanele, futhi manje kuphela izakhamuzi nezibi emhlabeni wonke angahlangabezana ukufa lapha.

Ngo-2016, Canada waphakamisa kuvinjelwe usizo lwezempilo e nokuzibulala ugulela ukufa. Manje lo mthethosivivinywa sihamba isivumelwano esisemthethweni. Nokho, ngokusho kwakhe, akuzona zonke iziguli uthole it right, kodwa kuphela ukuwohloka, okungukuthi, labo babe isiphetho esibuhlungu iseduze futhi obungenakuphikwa. Okungukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ehlaselwe yi-multiple sclerosis ukusiza aphunyuke phambi kwamehlo ukuphila ngokuvumelana nomthetho akukwazi efana kulabo abahlushwa ubuhlungu obukhulu ngaphandle izibikezelo eziqondile mayelana nendlela abantu abaningi baphile.

Izimpikiswano kanye ngokumelene

Ezweni labamelene nabasekeli ukubulawa kwesiguli kuholela agumenti nekutsi uphetsa ngalokufanele yini ukuvikela isikhundla sakhe. Futhi ndaba eyinkimbinkimbi kanye sína kangaka yonke imibono evezwayo esivuna has agumenti okuphambene ngokumelene.

Futhi i-agumenti yokuqala ngoba ukubulawa kwesiguli kusikisela ukuthi ukuphila kuhle kuphela uma kunengqondo futhi kuletha injabulo, yeka ncamashi beswela, isibonelo, iziguli esigungwini. agumenti Nasty uphakamisa ukuthi ukukhetha akuyona phakathi okujabulisayo ukuphila okungajabulisi, phakathi khona ngokomthetho futhi ephumula noma ngayiphi indlela. Ngokungangabazeki, ekunqanyulweni zokuphila kunzima kumele kucatshangwe kahle.

Ukubulawa kwesiguli bathi labo bazi ukuthi kuyabiza futhi kunzima ukulondoloza ukuphila umuntu ukugula abangwe nezibi noma abakhubazekile kanye nalabo abangakwazi Flatliners. Ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukunikeza izinga ehloniphekile zokuphila. Abaphikisi ngokuvamile basabela ukuthi isici kwezomnotho namanje akwenzi abantu babuyisane lokubulala amazinga kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi lwesintu zanamuhla.

Ukwazi kumaphi amazwe akuvunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli futhi kungani, kunzima ukuba uvume ukuthi ithuthukiswe futhi ezweni elichumayo namazinga eziphilayo okusezingeni eliphezulu, lapho izinga lokuphila okufika kuqala. A ukulahleka kwale izinga kufaka ukungasathandi empilweni njengoba enjalo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuchaza imithetho abaqotho ukuvumela ukusebenzisa ukubulawa kwesiguli izingane noma iziguli ukufa.

Umbono omphakathi futhi odokotela ngenkinga

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaqavile emphakathini, abezombusazwe, abasebenzelana nezwe wezokwelapha, usephikile ukubulawa kwesiguli emazweni amaningi, umphakathi jikelele akuyona owayephikisana lo mbono. Ngakho, ngokusho kocwaningo of Russian abasebenzisi Internet, amaphesenti angu-50 abantu ababuzwa ngale ungaboni yini esesabeka ukubulawa kwesiguli futhi bakubheka njengesipho lilungelo lesintfu lekutfola inkululeko yokuzikhethela.

Odokotela bengqondo zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa zengqondo siqu iningi abantu esimweni esibulalayo ongafuni ukuthi ngibe umthwalo izihlobo futhi sithola yokuhlushwa.

Amapholi inthanethi yezokwelapha, olwenziwa phakathi odokotela abasha, sikhombisa division efanayo ezingeni professional - ingxenye kuphela abaphendula sisonke ngoba ukusetshenziswa ukubulawa kwesiguli, kuhlanganise eRussia.

Kakhulu izimo ephezulu iphrofayela ezweni lanamuhla

Ngo-1939, i-psychoanalyst abadumile Austrian Freud sasho zidlulile ngokuzithandela ngosizo udokotela wakho. Freud abaphethwe ifomu ezingelapheki of nomdlavuza womlomo kokuba afe, wahlupheka ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 imisebenzi ukususa izimila. Futhi Kwakuseshwa ngaphansi izinzwa wendawo, njengoba izinzwa ke jikelele ezimweni ezinjalo lingazange lisetshenziswe okwamanje.

umbhali Belgian Hugo Claus, usebenzisa qotho nemithetho yezwe lakhe, wathatha ukubulawa kwesiguli, nakuba kwaba kuphela esigabeni sokuqala umdlavuza. Kodwa uthisha isiFulentshi, uChantal Sebir, obuso bakhe wayonakalisiwe ngokumane nje babe nesimo olungavamile lomdlavuza, ngaphandle kokuba ilungelo lokuhoxa zokuzithandela ezivela ukuphila ezweni lakubo, zazihlose ukuya Switzerland, ngokwazi kumaphi amazwe bavunyelwe ukubulawa kwesiguli indoda. Nokho, ngo-2008, yena wazibulala ngo umjovo barbiturate.

Scandal uye wabangela futhi ukubulawa kwesiguli abakhandi bezicathulo ababili abazalwane, owaqala ukuba alahlekelwe umbono wakhe futhi ayikwazanga ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi wayengasoze ukubonana futhi. Nakuba engakwazanga ukuwaphendula yesifo esingathi sína, wathola ngomjovo obulalayo engazi eSwitzerland.