Imithombo YaseRoma: igama, incazelo

Yamanzi eRoma eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, unikeze lo muzi amanzi okuphuza nihlobise endaweni yayo. Konke Lomuzi Waphakade, kukhona imithombo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, anamanci mahlanu wabo - the omkhulu, futhi namakhulu - ezinobukhulu ezincane.

Emithonjeni endulo kanye Renaissance

Phakathi yoMbuso WaseRoma 98 BC, inxusa USextus uJulius Frontinus ayebhekwa umqaphi amanzi edolobheni. Ngaleso sikhathi, Rome kwadingeka imisele yamanzi nezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo ayisishiyagalolunye esakuthwala amanzi echibini 591 ukubhukuda yomphakathi. Amanzi wakhululwa endlini yombusi, endaweni villa sabantu yangasese futhi 39 emithonjeni omangalisayo. umthombo ngamunye ixhunywe ku imisele yamanzi nezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo ezimbili ezihlukene. Uma omunye wabo saphela amanzi, imithombo omkhulu eRoma waqhubeka esebenza. Ababange besaba nhle idolobha lapho kuwa uMbuso WaseRoma.

Ekhulwini XIV uPapa Nicholas V, indoda efundile kakhulu, oda inqwaba ukuhumusha kusuka zesiGreki nesiLatin ukufunda umsebenzi imisele yamanzi nezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo nemithombo. Wanquma nhle edolobheni futhi kwenze kube njengabawufanelekele inhlokodolobha emhlabeni yobuKristu. Okokuqala, waqala ukwakha kabusha zonakale kunomsele Roman esakuthwala amanzi kude ahlanzekile edolobheni (ibanga - 13 km), futhi avuselele ngokwezifiso Roman ukuqedela ukwakhiwa umsele waphawula ukuvela umthombo enkulu yesikhumbuzo. Yayala LB Alberti ukwakha umthombo ezindongeni, okuyinto manje waseTrevi, kanye ezigcawini. Alberti yandile, ushintshe kunomsele Acqua Vergine, ezazigcwalisa emthonjeni. Waba futhi amanzi emthonjeni odumile Baroque e Piazza del Popolo futhi Navona.

Esikhathini Renaissance, ngomunye wabokuqala emithonjeni ngesimo esiyindilinga esisekelweni ke lakhiwa phezu endaweni Santa Maria de Trastvere. Waba yisibonelo ngosonhlamvukazi eziningi eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Baroque

Esikhathini XVII XVIII eminyaka, opapa aqhubeka kabusha imisele yamanzi nezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo futhi ufake emithonjeni ezingasho eRoma. Bagcwala ukubaza engokomfanekiso, egcwele imizwelo kanye nokunyakaza. Kulezi ukubaza kwakungamadodana isici esiyinhloko, futhi amanzi asetshenziselwa imvuselelo yabo futhi umhlobiso.

Imithombo edume kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi

• Emithonjeni esigcawini St kaPetru Carlo Moderno (1614) no D. L. kukuyo (1677).
• Triton Fountain ekhatsi Piazza Barberini (DL kukuyo, 1642)
• Navona - netiyetha grand yamanzi, ehlanganisa imithombo emithathu.
• WaseTrevi obekumele ukugubha opapa ezintathu: Clement XII, Benedict XIV noClement XIII. Umakhi abasebenze iphrojekthi wokuvelela kwaba Nicola Salvi. Yilokho, izivakashi baphonse zemali ukuze buya lapha futhi.

Ngalezo zinsuku, nemithombo yamanzi eRoma, wasebenza ngaphansi kwethonya adonsela phansi. umthombo amanzi engaphezulu umthombo. Manje basuke kabusha, usebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi kanye amaphampu lokukhanda.

umkhumbi amanzi

Fontana della Barcaccia eRoma itholakala ku Plaza de España. Pope Urban VIII 1623 by Pietro kukuyo ethunywe ukwakha umthombo omusha uzoqhubeka kuhlobisa Lomuzi Waphakade. Ngokusho yetinsita e 1598 emfuleni Tiber Ugcwalise eRoma futhi waletha ngesikebhe esincane maphakathi isikwele. Lokhu ephefumulelwe umakhi ukudala i project engavamile. umthombo sculptural lapho elingenamikhono izingalo umndeni Barberini kumemori amadlozi uPapa Urban VIII, ngubani senziwa ngesimo umkhumbi amanzi. Amanzi amaphuzu aso ayisikhombisa is batheleka ichibi elincane. Ukwakha kwaphothulwa ngo-1627. Kulesi yeminyaka therein olwenziwa sokubuyiselwa.

UMthombo Neptune, 1572

Ekuqaleni, lo mthombo, okuyinto liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, ezakhiwe engxenyeni esenyakatho Navona, kwakungelona ebaziwe olulodwa. Kodwa kamuva, ngemva iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu, ekhulwini XIX, kwathiwa kwahambisana ukubaza umxhwele. ingxenye yayo enyakatho ikhombisa unkulunkulu kolwandle, olwela nge ingwane (umqophi - Antonio Della Beatty). Lizungezwe sea horse tritons kanye mermaids. Ekugcineni eningizimu Figure Moor silwa nelinye ihlengethwa. Gregorio Zappala ezibaziweyo "Nereids nge cupids futhi walruses." Phakathi kwabo, phakathi nendawo, kuba isakhiwo omkhulu DL kukuyo - uMthombo Wemifula amane (iminyaka 1648-1651). Ufanelwe incazelo enemininingwane. Lunikeza kukhona nomfula zabantu emazwekazini amane. Afrika uyisihluthulelo Nile, Eshiya - iGanges, e-Europe - iDanube, Melika - La Plata River, umda Uruguay ne-Argentina. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kumi waseGibhithe Obelisk eyishumi nesithupha amamitha. Ubizwa ethwele isiphambano kanye liwuphawu Pamphili umndeni, emelelwa uPapa X. Innocent esigodlweni umndeni wabo kwaba phezu Navona. UMthombo Four Rivers - ekudalweni brilliant ngu kukuyo, it is eshaya nobukhazikhazi, sasinjani futhi proportionality yezingxenye zayo. Harmony lokhu wobuciko nguye izivakashi eziningi.

Lo mthombo ngobukhulu

Lo mthombo edume kakhulu eRoma, elakhiwa Baroque UMthombo ngokuthi. Ima eslphambanweni imigwaqo ezintathu (tre vie), okusho ukuthi iphuzu sekupheleni. Kusolakala ngosizo intombi lase libhujiswa ngemaRoma bathola umthombo wamanzi ahlanzekile. Le ndaba emfushane limelelwa olungaphambili lwesonto le mpophoma. Ngesikhathi isinyathelo kaPapa Clement XII ngomsebenzi wakhe sokubuyiselwa waqala ngo-1732 futhi yaphela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamuva. Iningi izakhiwo zakhiwe itshe travertine kuqoshwa eduze Tivoli.

WaseTrevi eyakhelene olungaphambili lwesonto esigodlweni Polly futhi beqonda kuye iyonke. Kusukela niche emaphakathi eshiya Neptune. Ihlezi kwi olunezinombolo enophephela zintulo nama-sea horse izinhlanzi imisila. Ezinhlangothini Lomthombo ehlotshiswe izibalo engokomfanekiso: Okuchichimayo lichitheke amanzi kusukela isitsha sakhe Salyubriti egcina inkomishi kusuka lapho iziphuzo inyoka. Bas isibonisi ekutholeni Roma ngamanzi acwebileyo usebenzisa amantombazane asemancane. Indlela esigodlweni enamandla ifana UMthombo umthombo. ERoma, e-Italy, uyaziqhenya leli bhuloho elihle, eyakhululwa isitembu sokuposa esizinikezele kuye. Kuyinto enhle ikakhulukazi kusihlwa futhi ebusuku, lapho ukukhanya blue iyasebenza, futhi izivakashi ingasaphathwa. umsindo wamanzi aqede ukukhathala athobe nezinzwa ujabule.

Njalo ngeminithi, ungawujikijeli zemali kuwo. Zikholelwa ukuthi kumele aphonse ngakwesokunene phezu ehlombe langakwesokunxele. Kuwo lo nyaka, kukhona abantu kungathi izinkulungwane ezintathu euro, ezisetshenziswa ukuxhasa esitolo ngoba abaswele kweRoma.

Kamuva, Italian Renaissance

Piazza Mattei ephakathi kwengu-1580-1588 by umakhi Dzhakomo Della Porta kanye umqophi Taddeo Landini Turtle umthombo lakhiwa. Bronze ufudu phezu umcengezi vase kwaphonswa noma DL kukuyo noma Andrea Sacchi bese yengezwa e 1658 noma 1859.

Yayihloselwe ukuphakela amanzi okuphuza eya kwabaseRoma futhi eyaziwa ngokuhlanzeka kwayo. Kwaphuma amanzi ngokusebenzisa ayengena ngomsele osuka Centre edolobhaneni ezintabeni Albanian.

Kwakungesinye imithombo embalwa kungukuthi eyakhelwe uPapa futhi abantu ngabanye, nomvikeli Muzio Mattei. umndeni bebhange wayo 'kuhlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kwenkathi yamaRoma.

I umnikazi wafuna Fontana itholakala oseduze nomuzi wakhe, ukuba ukhokhe izindleko kokuthutha ukwakhiwa kanye ukunwetshwa kwendawo eduze nendlu.

Lo mthombo ezenziwe ngemabula Afrika endishini esisekelweni, okuyinto lizungezwe izibalo zethusi zabafana abane abasha amahlengethwa eziyisishiyagalombili. Njalo osemusha uyaphumula unyawo ekhanda ihlengethwa futhi isandla olunamathela emaphethelweni vase. Amanzi ephumela kuqala, kuba endishini wathela emlonyeni dolphin e zigezwa khona, futhi-ke esigcawini a yokubhukuda ezinkulu.

ikhophi

Amazwi akhe wokuqala senziwe 1900s futhi wathenga uWilliam etel Krokerom izindlu Hillsborough eCalifornia.

E-United States kukhona amakhophi ezine Fontana Delle Tartarughe e Florida, San Francisco, California futhi Nyuporte.

Ukukhuluma eziqoshiwe eRoma

Ngaphandle imithombo evamile eRoma kuthiwa "ukukhuluma." Ngokuvamile benjalo eseduze izindonga, futhi ngabo abantu ukudlula, uthumele ngokunembile, amanothi nomunye ngokuqukethwe ezahlukene. Isibonelo emthonjeni del Babuino futhi Fachino.

Nobuhle Roman emithonjeni abaculi eliphefumulelwe futhi izimbongi, abaculi kanye abenzi mafilimu, abaklami Okugweda. I Lomuzi Waphakade akunakwenzeka ukuba embule kwelinye ukuvakashelwa zonke izimfihlo zakhe. Kukhona izindawo eziningi kangaka amahle. Ungakwazi ukuza eRoma kuphela nokuhlola konke ukuphithizela nemithombo yalo. Cha, yebo, ngeke bakwazi ukuwabona, kodwa ezinye zazo Iyokhunjulwa phakade. Abakhulu nabancane, nesizotha futhi yimikhuba, bonke ngothi lwabo - zobuciko. Noma ubani isikhathi sokuyobona okungenani ingxenye encane kubo, uzobe umxhwele kubo.