Inani labantu base-Tyumen - idolobha elikhulu lezimboni eSiberia

Tyumen - sokuqondisa se Tyumen Oblast. Lo muzi isiphetho kuqala Russian eSiberia. Mayelana kanjani izakhamuzi eziningi zaphila futhi izimpilo e Tyumen namuhla, abakwenzayo, singafunda kulesi sihloko.

Umlando igama lalo muzi

Lapho idolobha lethiwa? Kuleli amaphuzu kukhona ezizathwini ezahlukene. Ngokwezazi ezithile, igama "Tyumen" lisuselwa umqondo Turkic ka "Tumen", okusho ukuthi "abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi." Kwabanye, lihlotshaniswa Bashkir "tumende", okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ngezansi". Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi igama Tyumen okuvela Tatar lasendulo Chimgen-Tours, okusho "idolobha endleleni." Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi ke lisuselwa emagameni amabili Turkic "avalelise ', incazelo sivelaphi, futhi" myana "- impahla, ndawonye - impahla yami.

Geographic indawo nesimo sezulu Tyumen

Tyumen yasungulwa ngo ingxenye Asian Russia kwi lenhlonhlo okusezingeni eliphezulu, phakathi ezimbili imifula West eSiberia - Tura (a owumthelela Irtysh) kanye Tyumenka, sizungezwe zikaphayini namahlathi birch. Namuhla, edolobheni indawo 83,13 square metres. km.

UMkhandludolobha isimo sezulu zone nzima, ngenxa yokuntuleka izintaba ngesikali, nasenyakatho, naseningizimu. Lapha ebusika eside kanzima futhi ehlobo kunalokho iDemo. Ukungena kaningi Arctic emoyeni uquqaba noma umoya oshisayo kusukela Kazakh emaqeleni kanye ezingwadule-Asia Ephakathi, imimoya efudumele olumanzi lisuka e-Atlantic, ukuze ifohle iye ezintabeni Ural, wenze sezulu Tyumen engazinzile unyaka wonke.

Umlando Tyumen isisekelo

Umuzi yasungulwa ngo 1586 yi-Cossacks, othunywe iziphathimandla ukuvikela izwe Urals eziyingxenye isimo isiRashiya ababevela kuphangwa amabutho we Khanate eSiberia, lapho kuphakama ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi Golden zidlamlilo. Ngo 1563, ngemva eza namandla, Khan Kuchum ayehlasela AmaTatar insimu Russian anda. Omunye amabutho Cossack iphansi kwesandla sika-Ataman Ermak e 1852 kwadala umonakalo elisemqoka kuya AmaTatar, ekuthumbeni inhloko-dolobha Khanate laseSiberia - Kashlyk. Ibutho ka Khan Kuchum waphoqeleka ukuba ashona. Konke amasimu ezanqotshwa eSiberia izimantshi baphuthuma kusuka eMoscow.

Ngo 1586, eduze amanxiwa Tatar idolobha Chimgen-Tours, inqaba entsha sase sibekiwe. Yavela kanjalo-ke eSiberia, idolobha lokuqala Russian of Tyumen. Labantu ekuqaleni kwaba ezincane. Bazinza lapha abacibisheli, Cossacks, izingane boyars '. Eduze izindonga ezinezivikelo eziqinile eyagcina Posad.

Nenani labantu lalanda Tyumen kuye ngezimo zangaphandle, okwandisa ingozi empi. Kulo muzi kwakunamaJuda ukubaluleka ngokuyinhloko ukuzivikela. Tyumen baba eliqaphile ukuvikela isimo isiRashiya ababevela emazweni asemaqeleni zezizwe ayimizulane owenza kuphangwa yabo kwaze kwaba maphakathi XVII leminyaka.

The main nezikhathi zomlando yentuthuko Tyumen

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI, ngemva isimemezelo senkosi on ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba eSiberia futhi umngenisa eBukhara wakhe ngokusebenzisa Tyumen Ugcwalise mahele. Yayingeke kodwa kuthinta labantu. Tyumen zaqala ukuhluma ngokushesha ngokuxhaphaza abathengisi azinza lapha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu iyisikhungo esibalulekile emzileni yezohwebo eya emazweni aseMpumalanga nase-Asia Ephakathi.

Ngokusho imithombo esekhona kulotshiwe ukuthi: "sentinel amabhuku", labantu Tyumen ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII zaba abantu 500. Ingxenye yayo basesimweni abantu ekukhonzeni. Edolobheni kukhona abalimi abaningi ababefuna Ukuvikelwa ngemuva izindonga settlement ebiyelweyo

Landa edolobheni. nemizana Wavela, wakha izigodlo zezindela, izindlu. Tyumen Ngokhuni ngokuphindaphindiwe wazibonela ukuvutha the imililo. Kodwa waphinda savuka, otstraivaya futhi. Growing endaweni futhi nalo izakhamuzi eziningi. Tyumen, labantu bakuleyo XVII ngasekupheleni - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka XVIII kwaba abantu abangaphezu kuka ezingamakhulu amathathu, yaphenduka esikhulu kwezohwebo yeSiberia.

Stone ukwakhiwa owaqala ekhulwini XVIII. Ibhuloho Yakhiwa ngaphesheya komfula Tyumenka, elamiswa nethempeli Elisha. Saqala ukwakha izakhiwo isitini.

Ekhulwini XIX Tyumen yaba zezimboni, wezandla namaphakathi yezolimo Western eSiberia. Kube lwenzelwe futhi wethula ngesitimu lokuqala laseSiberia. Tyumen port waziwa ngokuthi "esangweni eSiberia" ngenxa enkulu imali yonyaka.

Tyumen ekhulwini XX

Ngo XX leminyaka Tyumen muzi waba isikhungo enkulu yezimboni Western eSiberia ekuthuthukiseni shipbuilding, lesikhumba, ukhuni, ugodo, ukudoba ukhaphethi-ukwelukwa umkhakha. Umuzi ine amabhange amaningi. Tyumen abathengisi ngenkuthalo adayiswa wonke eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Njalo ngonyaka ngo June e Tyumen Kwahlelwa a wezohwebo omkhulu, yaziwe eSiberia.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX labantu Tyumen ifinyelele ayizinkulungwane 30 abantu. Ngokwengxenye enkulu babehlala lapha abanamakhono futhi abathengisi. weCity eshicilelwe, yemidlalo, esekisini. Ukulingisa Isigodlo, amasonto 18. izikhungo zemfundo Kwamiswa.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, Tyumen laba isikhungo yesifundazwe. Nge ukutholakala imali enkulu amaminerali - uwoyela negesi yemvelo - edolobheni atholwe isimo esikhulu zokuphatha, kusukela lapho ukulawula omunye uwoyela negesi izakhiwo eziyinhloko zezwe.

Population Tyumen namuhla

Bangaki lihlala ezindaweni Tyumen namuhla? Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa engaguquki ashukumisayo e ukukhiqiza ezimbonini imikhakha ezinkulu, nokuthuma amabhizinisi amasha, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, imisebenzi yomphakathi, umzana ezikhangayo emphakathini.

Ngokusho ucwaningo lwezenhlalo, ngo-2015 Tyumen yaba kuncike eziholayo izinga lokuphila eRussia, zishaya Kazan, Krasnodar, ngisho eMoscow. Zonke lezi zici neqhaza yokuthi labantu ukhula kancane kancane Tyumen. Ekupheleni kuka-2015, kusho izazi, kwakukhona bukhoma 714 ayizinkulungwane. Man.