Indlela asakaze ugqumugqumu? Lokuzaliswa ugqumugqumu cuttings oluhlaza, uhlukanisa esihlahleni, layering

Ugqumugqumu ngokuthi ngamanye amagama "amagilebhisi enyakatho" kuyinto isitshalo zisetshenziswa amajikijolo aqukethe omkhulu kakhulu izakhi ewusizo trace, acid organic, pectins futhi tannins.

zizalela Izindlela

Ukuba neziqu bobudala obungefani ziyojabula ugqumugqumu ehlathini sokuvuna ephele ebudaleni mayelana 5-6. Ngakho-ke, abaningi kakhulu amajikijolo kwakheka kwi amahlumela lateral zeminyaka 3-8 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze bathole esitebeleni kwezitshalo okumnandi yamagilebhisi enyakatho kumele ngokushesha ubuyekeze notshani asakaze nabo.

Lokuzaliswa ugqumugqumu, okuyiwona ufuna ukukhetha purebred, high-isivuno, azithintwa nezilokazane nezifo ezihlabayo ekhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningana:

• cuttings;
• layering;
• sokuhlukanisa ehlathini;
• imbewu.

Lokuzaliswa ugqumugqumu cuttings oluhlaza

Green cuttings - eyodwa yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu yokuzalela ugqumugqumu. Engxenyeni Juni yesibili kudinga ngommese obukhali ukusika cuttings usayizi 7-12 cm; Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa uzuza kulo nyaka, kodwa izinso ezinhlanu. Ungenza ugqumugqumu esiphelweni by cuttings ekwindla. I preform efiselekayo ukukhiqiza ngosuku esinamafu noma ekuseni. I umoba ukunquma Kunconywa ukuba aphathe ivuselela ukukhula bese etshalwe substrate kucedvwa ingxube yesihlabathi Peat noma inhlabathi. Landing kumele kwenziwe engela, ibanga mayelana 5 cm phakathi namanqina at 10-cm phakathi imigqa, ushiya phezulu izinso 2, phansi kumele ibekwe ezingeni eliphansi. Emhlabeni cuttings kudinga uvalwe cindezela phansi ukuze ugweme kumiswa voids bese moisten kahle futhi zamulchirovat. Imbali embhedeni itshalwe nge cuttings kumele njalo wanisela, athukulule, okubangela kumiswa okusheshayo amahlumela eqinile abasha kusukela efihlekile. Ukondla Kunconywa ammonium nitrate (40 g), potassium usawoti (20 grams) kanye superphosphate (30 grams) ngayinye 10-litre ibhakede lamanzi. Uma zonke izimo adingekayo ukunakekelwa amahlumela abasha ekupheleni kwesizini ngesikhathi yearlings okukhipha izinga; okungcono zezinhlobo etholakala ngokuzikhandla ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele cuttings, ukusika phezulu amagatsha. Kuwufanele wazi ukuthi ukukhiqizwa ugqumugqumu cuttings oluhlaza efanelekayo akubona bonke izinhlobonhlobo. Ngakho, kuba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu baye babonisa ngeJubili ezihlukahlukene futhi isiRashiya, wanika 80-100% isilinganiso lokusinda. Isikhathi esiningi ukukhiqizwa kabusha ugqumugqumu cuttings efanelekayo currants.

Indlela esiphelweni elihlangene

Nale ndlela esiphelweni by cuttings of ugqumugqumu is zenziwe cuttings abasha green onesabelo lignified ukukhula (3-4 cm) ngonyaka odlule. cuttings kuvuna kufanele itshalwe zingahamba kulelibala losebe ezimanzi, lapho isithende lalihlehliswa futhi kumila 3-4 cm. Ngemva edingekayo ngobuningi bazithela kanye zamulchirovat. Umsuka kumiswa senzeka emasontweni ambalwa.

izingqimba ovundlile - enye yezindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha

Lokuzaliswa ugqumugqumu Bokuhlela - indlela kakhulu efanelekayo 3-4 iminyaka notshani esetshenziswa abatshali kakhulu ngenxa alula, lula, nokwethenjelwa nezinto ezibonakalayo ezanele ukuze kokwehla ngesikhathi okukhiphayo. Nale ndlela yokuzala, Kunconywa ukuba ukuqhuba kwentwasahlobo, ufuna ukusebenzisa lonyaka owodwa, evuthiwe tilinganiso, okuyinto eseduze ezinhlangothini ehlathini.

Umhlabathi kufuneka bona silungise pre-: mba omuhle, zalisa futhi bushelelezi. Kusukela esisekelweni ehlathini kudingeka wenze anemifantu eziningana engajulile a 20 cm lapho Stow futhi okuphiniwe abasebasha, sizikhandle eliqhele amahlumela basal ukujula. In the ukungabikho hairpins angasebenzisa noma iyiphi izinto ezazikhona ezingaba silungise nesigqi eduze phansi. Yegatsha-cuttings, kuhlanganise namadlelo ayo, 'uyakuba nabo emhlabathini ngokuphelele, kumelwe prischipnut phezulu 3-4 cm, ngaphandle nibakhulisa kwamanzi. Ngemva uvula cuttings ovundlile akufanele embozwe umhlaba, kwenziwa kuphela emva ukuhluma kwezinso, ukuvela amahlumela nokufeza ubude 5 cm. Kuphela kuleli cala ekhiqizwa inhlabathi powder kuqala. Inhlabathi layering ukuba njalo sigcinwe esimweni ezimanzi, ukuthambisa njalo nokuqapha ukuvimbela amanzi wageza away anemifantu.

Lapho ufika amahlumela ubude 15-20 cm kuze kube eziqongweni isidingo sabo entabeni noma ezimanzi humus umhlabathi; hilling kufanele liphindwe kuyo yonke inkathi ehlobo; ngokwanda oqinile - phezulu prischipnut (ngo-June), ukuze lesi sitshalo ukusebenzisa amandla phezu ekhelini. Kubalulekile ukuba singakhohlwa ukuba afeze yokudla, njengo manyolo Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise ammonium nitrate, i-potassium usawoti, superphosphate.

Gooseberries, ukukhiqizwa kabusha senziwa layering, kungcono baqede eminyakeni ezimanzi, phakathi izimpande ezomile kuthiwa efanele ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi wavuselela kuphela ekwindla lapho ubuyisela lokushisa umhlabathi elilungile kanye umswakama. Bush cuttings kusukela umama Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa ekwindla kanye entwasahlobo, kodwa kungcono kuleli cala ukukwenza entwasahlobo, ngenxa ekwindla nasebusika uhlelo impande izithombo abasha uyokwakha kahle futhi abe namandla, bese kunconywa ukutshala izithombo isilungele ukukhula unomphela. Igodi ugqumugqumu abasha, ukukhiqizwa kabusha senziwa otvodochnym ngendlela edingekayo uthathe izitshalo ngabanye, hlunga, sinqunywe buthaka (nge uhlelo impande kabi athuthukile) bese ubabeke ku ukukhulisa. Kunanzuzoni ngendlela yokuzalana izingqimba ovundlile? Inani elikhulu lokutshala ezibonakalayo. akhiwa nendawo wabeka yokuphunyuka yonyaka kuze kufinyelele 6 amahlumela ngokugcwele izimpande - the ugqumugqumu izithombo esizayo.

Lokuzaliswa Bokuhlela: indlela № 2

Kunendlela yokuzala layering, uma ziqhathaniswa kulula ngenhla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cuttings ingatholakala ngasemthonjeni wamanzi noma ekwindla izihlahla ugqumugqumu. Kufanele ukhethe amagatsha amaningana eside abasha prikopat kubo nendawo (cishe angu-10 cm ukujula). Phezulu (mayelana 12 cm) uma kudingekile ukuhamba ke mpo futhi prikopat usebenzisa isikhonkwane. Ngemva konyaka, kuzoba ephezulu grade amahlumela.

Gooseberries: ukukhiqizwa kabusha arcuate Bokuhlela

Le ndlela isetshenziswa kwentwasahlobo; ukukhula Young Lonyaka liyadingeka ukubeka imisele imigqa, eziphiniwe phakathi ushona emgodini futhi wambozwa emhlabeni. Iziqongo isidingo ukuletha arc ku komhlaba, ukuba abophe ukuze isikhonkwane, futhi saba egqumeni. Summer liyadingeka ukunikeza ukuthambisa avamile futhi ukuvundiswa. amahlumela Arcuate isizini kuyodingeka isikhathi umile izimpande abe zokutshala egcwele. Le ndlela amahlumela basal yonyaka inikeza yisithombo eyodwa kuphela, okuyinto izikhathi eziningana ezincane kuno nge indlela nge Bokuhlela ovundlile. Gooseberries, ukukhiqizwa kabusha senziwa izingqimba arcuate, libhekene amandla futhi ngokushesha angene ophawulekayo.

Lokuzaliswa Bokuhlela mpo

Le ndlela isetshenziswa yokudluliswa amadala ugqumugqumu otshanini noma nezihlahla ipulazi endaweni entsha. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuphuma wonke amagatsha ubudala, abasha mfushane 2/3. Lo msebenzi kuzokwenza ukubukeka inqwaba amahlumela okukhulu. Lapho befinyelela ukuphakama 15-18 cm kufanele ibe owokugcina egqumeni inhlabathi nakuba kungaze kube yinxenye, lapho hilling liyadingeka ukuze ibenze amagatsha futhi ugcwalise lonke izwe izikhala. Hilling wenziwa izikhathi 2-3, njengoba amagatsha zikhule. Ngo-June, ugqumugqumu prischipnut phezulu isidingo, kuzobangela esizayo ekhelini ehlathini. Ekwindla, nge ukuthambisa omuhle futhi efaka umquba amahlumela ezengeziwe kuyodingeka isikhathi ukumila kahle; bangabizwa ukumba zokutshala.

Lesi sigaba ehlathini

Lokuzaliswa sokuhlukanisa ugqumugqumu ehlathini isetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi uma izama ipulazi kwenye indawo sokukhula. Le ndlela kungenxa yokuthi gooseberries liphinyiselwe ukuzimela abafanekiselwa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene the hlahla; ezinye amagatsha esemncane nokuthuthukisa ehlukile ifomu impande izinhlelo. Lapho ukumba ezihlabayo bona zihlukaniswe izingxenye; amahlumela abasebasha kanye izimpande athuthukiswe kahle lisetshenziswa njengendlela material zokutshala. Lokuzaliswa currant, ugqumugqumu sokuhlukanisa ehlathini zingenziwa ekwindla, emva defoliation (October-November), noma ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi ihlumela break (Mashi).

imbewu esiphelweni

imbewu ugqumugqumu okusakazwa e ezifanelekayo ukufuya izinhlobo ezintsha. Kwakuvamise material etholwe impova ovulekile futhi ngokukhishwa ngu Ukunqamula ohlangothini.