Indlela ukufaka kahle ukuhlunga?

Lapho indle endlini izwe kuyinto umsebenzi esiyisibopho imithi yabo. Njengoba udaba kwemvelo sisabenza, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukususwa kwamanzi ingelashwa enhlabathini akuvunyelwe. Kule ndaba, ngaphezu ukwelashwa amanzi izinhlelo kumele kunikezwe ukwakhiwa filtration komhlaba emakhaya suburban.

Ukuze ukwelashwa kamasipala anokungcola asetshenziswa amathangi ukonakala, okuyinto efakwe emva lemifanekiso kahle. Izinyathelo ezinjalo apelwe phandle kwezinkambiso sanitary ekhona. Babazi kahle, uzokuqonda ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba khona komhlaba filtration Amasimu, isihlabathi futhi amatshe izihlungi kanye lemifanekiso imisele. Kukhethwa kuzoncika izakhiwo:

• ukujula komhlaba ukujula;
• enhlabathini;
• ukutholakala aquifers nezinye izinto.

Ukuze begazi yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile namuhla iningi isasetshenziswa imithombo filtration.

incazelo

Hlunga kahle - lesi sakhiwo, njengoba injongo eyinhloko okuyinto uba begazi amanzi angcolile yasendlini ku lendawo ngesimiso sokukhucululwa kwendle. Okunjalo izindawo ukwelashwa aphethwe uma kungekho kungenzeka ukuhoxisa indle ku kwesigubhu ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokukhuculula. Ezimweni ezinjalo, indlu esuswa emanzini noma ingxenye kuyahluka ukuchema kuzo enganele. Kule ndaba kubalulekile ukuze siyifeze indle walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi.

Filtration kuyinto ezimele kahle amanzi izindawo noma kusho ukuhlanza indle. Esimweni sokuqala, emthonjeni itholakala endaweni, uma inani amanzi angcolile akuyona ezingaphezu kweyodwa imitha cubic ngosuku. Icala lesibili kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo zokuhlanzwa kwendle ngaphambi ukuchithela walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi.

Izici isihlungi imithombo

Imithombo isihlungi asetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa amanzi angcolile uma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngelanga lingaphansi kuka-50 cm ^3. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi indlu kufanele ihlanganise hhayi ningi than abantu abangu-3. Uma kuziwa loam sandy, ngesilinganiso kahle endaweni kulolu inhlabathi 1.5 m ^2. Njengoba umhlabathi sandy, lokhu ipharamitha 1 m ^2. Lapho amanzi ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyinto esingaphansi 1 m ^3, bese ufake eyodwa kahle lingafika abantu 5, usayizi waso ukuba alingane 2 m ² loam anesihlabathi 1.5 m ² - I-isihlabathi.

Lapho kukhona kahle

Ngaphambi ukwakha lemifanekiso kahle, udinga ukuqoqa ulwazi emhlabathini. G. Wells kungenzeka ahlelwe kuphela labo nenhlabathi afaneleka le njongo. Lokhu kumele kufake:

• nenhlabathi sandy;
• Peat;
• loam sandy nge okuqukethwe elincane izinhlayiya zobumba.

Uma sikhuluma loams futhi Clays, okuyinto abe Coefficient eliphansi filtration ke ufake nabo imithombo kuyize, ngoba izindawo filtration ongasebenza ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Setha imithombo Akwamukelekile ukuthi ukwelashwa begazi rocks Waphuka, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi filtration yamanzi ngalesi ingekho.

Uma engekho amanzi ageleza ihlelwe ungathola ngisho ukuphuza imithombo yamanzi. Ezindaweni inhlabathi okuyinto kuyahluka ezincane filtration izakhiwo, ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuhlanjululwa kwendle.

isimo somhlabathi nomthelela endaweni kakhudlwana futhi kahle filtration. Filtration ndawo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inquma ukuphila womthombo, ukukhonza kahle ukuhlunga ayisakwazi, uma endaweni zokuhlunga kuyoba eside. Seepage umgodi ethangini ukonakala kungenziwa kahle isebenze kuphela uma kahle ukuwafeza wonke umsebenzi, unikezwa we komhlaba ukujula. Leli zinga kufanele kube ngezansi phansi ukuhlunga 0.5 m.

Base amanzi ohlelweni kufanele akhiwe ngaphezu komhlaba ezingeni 1 m. Uma endaweni phansi amanzi etholakala ngempela high, akunakwenzeka ukusungula kahle. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula okwengeziwe ukujula okokuqandisa. Filtration kahle ngezandla setha ngezansi ezingeni inhlabathi okokuqandisa, kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, eRussia emaphakathi lokhu ipharamitha kuyinto 1.3 m ebusweni bomhlaba.

Ukwakha kwemithombo plastic

Uma ungakwazi ukuthenga lemifanekiso kahle epulasitiki ke kungenziwa ngokuzimela. Ngenxa yale njongo ubukhulu edingekayo ipayipi lukathayela, lona wamuva ezingase ulingana 925 mm. Leli payipi anqunywe ubude oyifunayo, okuzoba ukuphakama kahle. Umklamo we izimbobo ayizalayo, wathi futhi endaweni lapho ungasebenzisa ipayipi nge cuffs zenjoloba.

Uma kudingeka, ezivuzayo kokuvalelwa asphalt ze-mastic. Emva ukufakwa kahle enjalo ezansi ibekwe ukulungiselela, uxhuma amapayipi, kodwa futhi futha, uma kunesidingo. Imigodi phakathi kwezindonga womthombo kungaba uyogcwala uhlalwane, efakwe dweba phezulu.

Ukubeka phansi lendawo kahle

Uma uzindla udaba kanjani ukufaka lemifanekiso kahle, nazane eduze ne izinhlaka zakuleli phansi, okuyinto isinyathelo izakhi njengoba ebalulekile:

• udonga;
• kuyendlulela;
• isihlungi phansi.

Lesi sakamuva ukugcwaliswa yemfucumfucu, slag Sinter, amatshe kanye isitini izinsalela. I ububanzi we amafraktjhini lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu ziyahlukahluka kusuka 10 kuya 70 mm. Lokhu ukugcwaliswa kwenzelwa ukuphakama 1 m. Lolu ketshezi kahle ukuhlanzwa kusukela ezinhlayiyeni okwesikhashana ziyokuwa ngokusebenzisa ipayipi ethangini ukonakala. Ngakho-ke, kufanele tube ngehla kwamanzi zokuhlunga. Le libanga uqobo elilingana 0.2 m. Le ndawo lapho jet ziyokuwa ungene lemifanekiso, bopha ichopho antiseptified, okuzokwenza ukusabalalisa indle ku kahle. Lesi isilinganiso aqede ukuguguleka backfill.

emgodini odongeni

Kaningi, abanikazi suburban ingcebo uyazibuza mayelana nendlela ukufaka kahle ukuhlunga kahle. Izindonga zawo singenziwa ka:

• imiphongolo ubudala;
• izindandatho aphathekako;
• imfucumfucu;
• okuqinile ubumba izitini.

Ngokukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe yokuthi ezindongeni izimbobo kumele kube khona. Kufanele ushiye noma ngezibhakela. Bayobizwa okuye kwasakazwa eminyakeni ukuphakama isihlungi njengoba nombala ngangokunokwenzeka. Usebenza ngendlela uvalo, futhi ubukhulu babo zingaba phakathi 4 kuya ku-6 cm. Usayizi ukuvuleka kumele singeqi 10% kwamanzi udonga. Izindonga kahle kusukela ngaphandle Kufanele ugcwalise impahla esetshenziselwa ebeka phansi zokuhlunga. Ukuphakama embhedeni kufanele alingane ukulungisa lemifanekiso, kuyilapho ukujiya uqobo phakathi 30 no-50 cm.

Ukupholisa ukugqagqana

I kahle lemifanekiso ithangi ukonakala kufanele ifakelwe ipayipi ukuzwakalisa. Itholakala ophahleni zalesi sihlahla ukwelashwa. Ingxenye engenhla ipayipi elise ngaphezu kobuso inhlabathi 70 cm. Kubalulekile ukunikeza ilungu vane.

I ububanzi kahle le tube -. 10 cm Uma yona le landscape, inkinga ingaxazululwa ukugqiba isici imivini. Ukweqa kumele imiswe dweba kabani ubukhulu 70 cm. Njengoba-ke ikakhulukazi avele nesembozo ezimbili. Omunye wabo isithwali, kanti eyesibili - sisindvo, usibeka endaweni ethile ngezansi kunesidingo. Phakathi isivalo kufanele ahlale ibanga eligcwele ukwahlukanisa esizidingayo, ezifana Perlite izikhwama isihlabathi noma amaminerali uvolo.

isazi izincomo

Namuhla isihlungi imithombo kukancane ububanzi mkhulu kuka-2 m. Ukujula yabo ngokuvamile 3 m noma ngaphansi. Uma endaweni zalesi sihlahla ukwelashwa kuphezulu, insimu ke kufanele usethe imithombo ezincane ezimbalwa. Lo Isidingo kahle endaweni mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 4 m ^2, ngoba ivolumu angcolile kungase kube umxhwele. Kubalulekile bawasuse umthombo etholakalayo amanzi okuphuza 30 m noma ngaphezulu.

Izinkambiso kanye Imithetho

Seepage emgodini slate kungabuye ukusebenzisa ngokuzimela. Ngenxa yale njongo, amashidi ingajoyinwa ikhambi, ukudwetshwa oyi izimbobo ayizalayo, wathi imingcele yabo iye echazwe ngenhla. Ezansi izindawo nigqoke ungqimba ukulayisha luyimbudumbudu lapho amanzi kuzodlula. Izindonga kahle ungakwazi abeke isitini isikwele noma itshe yemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuhamba ngo izikhala esifanayo zobuchwepheshe noma sokuprakthiza izimbobo umkhiqizo osuphelile.

Izici oyindilinga imithombo

Awu lemifanekiso Isigaxa namuhla ijabulela ithandwa enkulu phakathi abathengi. It is eyenziwe ngepulasitiki ne ungase ube ukuphakama kuze kufinyelele 2.5 m. Isakhiwo oyindilinga kwenza ukufaka izinhlelo ezifana nenhlabathi ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ubumba distending. Ingxenye engenhla isakhiwo has a ububanzi of 600 mm, kuyilapho ngaphansi kwaleli nani ifinyelela 1000 mm.

uhlelo ihlinzekwa nge cast iron noma polymer-dweba ku setshe phansi ayidingekile. Ngesisekelo umzimba ipayipi lukathayela negemfe uxhumano Kwenziwa esizeni. Intamo ijoyina umzimba kahle ngesikhathi enza. Ikhava phezulu ngeke abonakala amahle ezindaweni abezinyawo utshani. Awu oyindilinga filtration perforated ungaba ukwakhiwa double-ngodonga kanye phezulu evulekile. udonga elingenalutho womthombo, ngenkathi umoya engxenyeni engezansi ivuliwe, futhi engxenyeni engenhla, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi dweba ejwayelekile njengoba oyifunayo. kahle enjalo lingasethwa ukusevisa abantu 10 ekhaya. Izinzuzo kufanele kwenziwe njengoba izakhiwo efanayo:

• isisindo kuqhathaniswa izakhiwo zikakhonkolo;
• ukungabikho kwekhabhoni anobuthi enhlabathini;
• isevisi eside ekuphileni kuze kube iminyaka engu-50.

Awu elula ngempela ukufaka ngokwakho.

isiphetho

Ukuze ehlambulula into njengoba filtration kahle ukubhekana kangcono nale imisebenzi ayinikiwe, kumele lumiswe ngesikhathi ingxenye lapho komhlaba ngezansi ezingeni lapho phansi ukusefa esicamelweni zamatshe olwembiza. Ibanga phansi emanzini zokuhlambuluka into okufanele sifinyelele 0.5 m. I substrate kufanele bavuke kahle ngaphezu kobuso komhlaba ukuba 1 m.

Uma ensimini ka etafuleni amanzi siphakeme ngokwanele, bese ukwakhiwa lemifanekiso Kunconywa ukuba ayiyeke le kahle. Kubalulekile ukubeka izakhi amapayipi uhlelo nokuningi ngezansi ezingeni inhlabathi okokuqandisa. Uma kuziwa eRussia emaphakathi, lesi silinganiso esiphakathi 1.3 futhi 1.4 m.

Uma idivayisi echazwe izakhiwo kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuba bagcine izincomo kanye nobuchwepheshe, ngoba uma kungenjalo umklamo ngeke usebenze ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuzokwenza i nenhlekelele semvelo. Umthombo amanzi okuphuza kungenzeka kungangcoli.