Indlela yokwenza waphansi izinga lokushintshisana? imithetho design, ifonti izibonelo yaphansi ngokuhamba

Ukuze "lemihle kakhulu" kudlule umsebenzi Yiqiniso, umfundi kufanele hhayi kuphela bakwazi ngokuphumelelayo ukuchaza izinto test, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukuthi bakghone ukwenza kuhle futhi abakhulule obala. Kulesi sihloko ngifuna ukukhuluma kanjani ukwenza umbhalo waphansi izinga lokushintshisana.

Kuyini lokhu?

Into yokuqala ukucacisa imiqondo, ngoba akuvamile abafundi ongasho ngokuqondile ukuthi kusho ukuthini umbandela othile. Umbhalo waphansi - Lena umthombo umfundi, okuyinto ethathwa enikeziwe e-umbhalo izingcaphuno. Kungase kube amanye incazelo emfushane isigaba letsite yetheksthi, okungase engaqondakali ngco kulofundzako.

Lapho ukubheka?

Abanye abafundi bangase babuze mayelana lapho ungafunda indlela yokwenza waphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso. Ngakho, kudingeka ucele usizo izivakashi 7.1-200. Nokho, intando ezibalulekile wakwenza impela isikhathi eside, futhi izenzo isikhathi eside. Yingakho namuhla kule dokhumenti zingatholakala, akuzona zonke izimpendulo zemibuzo kudingekile kulesi simo. Ngakho unjani kulesi simo? Imithetho sokubhalisa umsebenzi Yiqiniso, kuhlanganise izixhumanisi, kubalulekile ukuba sisebenzise emnyangweni, ukuze amaMethodisti. Uyakubeka ukunikeza lonke ulwazi olufanele. Ngokuvamile, ngoba lokhu kukhona Iincwajana ukulungele ngokukhethekile zonke emnyangweni, okuyinto onazo zonke izimpendulo ilungelo abafundi imibuzo mayelana ukubhalisa imisebenzi zesayensi ezabhalwa.

On the izinhlobo

Kuwufanele ethi kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili yaphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso. Isibonelo salokhu zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi imisebenzi yesayensi.

1. Imibhalo yaphansi. Lapho esebekwe ukuba abe ngempela ekhasini elilodwa (at kakhulu phansi, futhi umugqa ekhethekile), lapho lesisho posted. Ekupheleni efanayo ibekwe encane izingcaphuno tsiferka (etholakala njengoba wuphawu amandla - kancane ngaphezu Stitch).
2. Okusemgqeni. Ibekwa ngemva isikhombo kubakaki. Ngo phakathi kubakaki kuzothunyelwa izibalo ekhomba eziningi umthombo (ezincwadini) kanye ikhasi (s) ukubeka izingcaphuno ithathwe.

Imibhalo yaphansi

Ngakho, indlela yokwenza waphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso? Okokuqala, ngifuna ukuqonda ngayo imibhalo yaphansi, t. Ukuze. Inqubo sokulungiselela yabo kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuya ukusebenza kwi computer. imithetho yokufomatha:

1. inombolo Umbhalo waphansi kuza ngemuva ukulandisa, kodwa ngaphambi kokuphelelwa avaliwe bokhulunyiwe.
2. inombolo Umbhalo waphansi zincane kunohlamvu umbhalo omkhulu, ibekwe ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla incwadi lokugcina lesisho.

Indlela ukukwenza kukhompyutha

Ingabe uphenyo eminye indlela yokwenza waphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso. Manje kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi lokhu konke kungenziwa MS Word kukhompyutha yakho. Ngakho-ke, lokhu udinga ukubeka isikhombisi ekupheleni kwezinsuku zokugcina izwi izingcaphuno, kodwa ngaphambi iphuzu. Okulandelayo yamathuluzi, okuyinto phezulu esibukweni, udinga ukuthola "Faka", bese ukhetha "Links References." Kukhona kakade ezikhethiwe ngesakhiwo waphansi, futhi kudingeka uhlole "izinombolo ekhasini ngalinye." Ngakho yaphansi njalo page kuzoqala nge iyunithi futhi kuyoba efanele kuphela kuleli elinye iphepha.

Kanjani kubukeka

Ngakho, indlela uyobheka isikhombo okudinga waphansi? Isibonelo: "Kwasukasukela, umkhulu futhi owesifazane, ingabe ezimanakanaka Hen ^1". Ngemva edinichka efakwe yonke imithetho, emgqeni ngaphansi kwekhasi ngokuzenzakalelayo eceleni tsiferki "1", ungacacisa ngaphansi lapho umthombo kuyiphi lesisho esithathwayo.

yaphansi okusemgqeni

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi umbhalo waphansi we umsebenzi Yiqiniso nakho kungaba intratextual. Qiniseka ukuthi lokhu kudala inothi kube lula, kodwa-ke, ukuthola ulwazi akuyona elula. Njengoba kubukeka? Ngakho, ke ibekwa ngemva isikhombo kubakaki. Ngaphakathi kubakaki kuyoba ezinye izibalo ukuthi kuzoqoshwa, ahlukaniswe amakhefanangqi. Okokuqala uzobe inani umthombo kuyiphi kwikhotheshini esithathwayo (ohlwini enikeziwe ezincwadi) ohlwini, bese emva isemikholoni - ikhasi. ikhasi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu okungenzeka ukuthi ishiwo. Futhi eduze idijithi yokugcina kungaba incwadi "s.", Okuchaza "Ikhasi (s)."

Tincabhayi letisembili

Uma imithetho yomsebenzi Yiqiniso iyadingeka ukukhipha yaphansi uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi, udinga ukukhumbula ezicashile ezimbalwa:

1. Ifonti okufanayo, njengoba embhalweni oyinhloko (Times New Roman, usayizi 14 - lena ejwayelekile).
2. Kudingeke ulandele izinguquko uhla okuthathelwe kulo (ikakhulukazi uma yaphansi zikhishwa ngisho nangaphambi uhlu lwezikhombo yakheke ngokugcwele) nesibalo umthombo iye esibekiwe kahle.

Niyayibona injani?

Ngakho kanjani ubheka yaphansi uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi? Quote: "Kwasukasukela, umkhulu futhi owesifazane, babeyizibonelo ezimanakanaka iSikhukhukazi." Inketho 1: [1; 1] Inketho 2: [1; a. 1]. Inketho: [1; 1-2] noma [1; a. 1-2]. Zonke lezi zindlela yokuloba uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi link zingenzeka. Zonke incike kahle ukuthi izimfuneko design yabo odlulela kwesitulo.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokubhaliswa yaphansi

Kufanele futhi ucabangele imithetho eyisisekelo yokubhaliswa yaphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso.

1. Imibhalo yaphansi semthethweni iyunithi ngezikhawu (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhawu umbhalo umsebenzi uqobo), ifonti ngokuvamile esingaphansi Amakilasi ambalwa.
2. nezinye yaphansi eziningana azophrinta kule nkambo, uma uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi. Ngakho, ubukhulu babo kuyoba nse umbhalo omkhulu. Ngokuvamile - usayizi Times New Roman 14.
3. Imibhalo kumele kubandakanye inombolo umthombo (othathwe uhlu izincwadi), i-descenders yaphansi kungase ukuqedela incazelo umthombo.
4. Imibhalo ingaba esifushane futhi polnoopisannymi, lezi zinketho ezimbili avunyelwe ngokuhamba design ngokulinganayo, uma kungekhona kuboniswe ngenye indlela.

Inqubo sokubhalisa umthombo

Ukuhlaziya indlela ukuhlela umbhalo waphansi umsebenzi Yiqiniso, qiniseka ukuthi kudingeka sazi indlela efanele ukuchaza umthombo uqobo. Kuthiwani uma lokhu kudingekile ukuze ucacise ngaluphi uhlelo?

1. Isibongo kanye netifinyeto temagama umlobi. Uma kukhona abalobi eziningana, bayakuba ngekulandzelana efanayo kulotshiwe umthombo uqobo.
2. Igama eliphelele umthombo. Wabonisa nevolumu izingxenye.
3. Uma umthombo lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu olunye ulimi, ngokusebenzisa slash libonisa igama notolika.
4. Okulandelayo ungumthombo edolobheni shicilelo.
5. Igama indlu ukushicilela.
6. umthombo Khishiwe.
7. Inani lamakhasi.

Isibonelo: Novoselovets VP, Udalova MV Ukuxhumana e-social work / Novoselovets VP UDALOVA MV - Petropavlovsk: PPI, 2001. - 116 k.