Ingabe i-actinia isilwane noma isitshalo? Incazelo kanye nezithombe ze-anemone

Noma yimuphi umuntu obonile lesi sidalwa esimangalisayo, okokuqala, unesithakazelo ku: i-actinia yisilwane noma isitshalo? Abantu abaningi badukiswa nencazelo yalesi sidalwa - "i-sea anemone": kodwa abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi i-anemone iyimbali. Izakhamuzi zasolwandle ezinhle kakhulu , ezikwazi ukuvumelanisa nokuphila ngendlela yezifo ezisengozini, zenze umcabango: bafuna ukuthwala nabo, bavikele futhi bavikele. Akufanelekile! Okokuqala, akusize ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi lezi zidalwa zibizwa ngokuthi "jellyfish-actinia": zikwazi ukuma, hhayi nje zona. Futhi okwesibili, awukwazi ukuphumelela ekudaleni izimo zokuphila ezifanele kubo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlala ehhotela, ujabulele imibono yabo futhi uzame ukugejula kakhulu ukuba ungaguli ngemuva kokushisa okubuhlungu.

Ukubukeka

Kubukeka kwalezi zidalwa eziholela embuzweni omdala: i-actinia yisilwane noma isitshalo? Futhi endleleni, kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, babhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, isayensi ayimemezeli: kwaqalwa ukuthi "ama-anemones olwandle" yizilwane, ngesakhiwo kanye nendlela yokuphila eseduze ne-jellyfish namanye ama-coelenterate, lapho abaningi bezinto eziphilayo babheka izimpungushe zasolwandle kanye nama-ctenophores.

Uma uchaza ngokuyinhloko, noma yikuphi isenzo (isithombe esethuliwe) - lokhu kuyodwa umlomo oqinile emlenzeni. "Amapetali", afana nembali - yizona zintambo ezibhekene nokulethwa kokudla. Ngokuvamile, "ukuma" kunomuntu oyedwa, okuthi "i-anemones yolwandle" inamathele edwaleni noma ngaphansi; Kodwa kunezinhlobo ezinezitho ezigxotshiwe - zinamathele phansi njengezimbali; Kodwa kunezinhlobo ezihambayo. Ukuqaphela ukuziphatha kwezidalwa, ngeke uqale ukuphazamiseka: i-actinia yisilwane noma isitshalo? Kusobala ukuthi akuyona nje isilwane - uyisidla.

Ama-anemones olwandle awawona ama-polyps

Iphutha futhi ngokuthi lesi yisidalwa esihle kunawo wonke - ama-coral. I-Actinia, ngokungangabazeki, isondelene kakhulu ne-polyps, eyakha iziqhingi ezithakazelisayo. Noma kunjalo, ama-skeleton awakhiwe, futhi ama-coral yizinhlayiya ze-polyps. Akunakutsho ukuthi isenzo se-"soft", ngoba into egcwalisa isikhala sayo phakathi kwamangqamuzana enza ubude obukhulu kakhulu futhi ifana ne-cartilage yama-vertebrates ngobuningi.

Bazondla bani?

Enye ingxabano ngokungabaza, i-anemia - isilwane noma isitshalo - ukudla kwayo. Uma labo abanesithakazelo bekhumbula, izitshalo zondla ngamanzi (ngezinto eziqhekekile kuwo) nokuthi yini engayikhipha emhlabathini. Noma kunjalo, i-anemones yolwandle ikhetha imenyu ehluke ngokuphelele. Kubandakanya ama-invertebrates amancane nezinhlanzi ezincane (uma lucky). Indlela yokukhiqiza ukudla nayo yonke impela ayiyona into ebonakalayo: i-tentacles iyaphazamisa inyamazane futhi iyidonsele emnyango. Omunye angase aphikise: izitshalo ezidliwayo nazo ziyaziwa . Lokhu kunjalo, kodwa abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngomlomo futhi bachithe lesi sizinda ngamanzyme atholakala ngqo epulazini leqabunga noma emgibeni. Okusho ukuthi abanalo izitho ezihloswe kuphela ukugaya.

Imiphumela kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe

Ngisho noma sicabanga ukuthi i-actinia iyisitshalo, kumele sithole incazelo yendlela yokuzingela kwayo. Kuzo zonke izikebhe ezinamahlombe - noma kunjalo, ezincane kakhulu - kukhona uhlobo lwe-capsule lapho kuhlanganiswe khona ubuthi. Futhi kusukela ngaphandle kukhona intambo ehlabayo enezimpande ezibuyiselwe emuva. Ngokubukeka, ngaphansi kwe-microscope, le divayisi yonke ifana nehabhu elincane. Lapho ehlasela i-anemone, intambo iqondisa, inaliti ihlaba umzimba wesisulu bese ikhulula ubuthi. Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinjalo asikho izitshalo - zimelela kakhulu ekhwaleni lokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi zibe nesakhiwo esilula kakhulu.

Ngandlela-thile, isifo esibuhlungu se-anemia siyingozi ngisho nangomzimba omkhulu kangaka njengomuntu. Yiqiniso, ngeke kuholele ekufeni, kodwa kuzohlinzeka ukuzwa okuvuthayo ngokushaya, futhi kwezinye izimo i-necrosis nayo iqala. Labo abavame ukuxhumana nethenda "i-anemones", cishe zonke izivolonti zinezokwelapha.

I-symbiosis evelele

Kumele ngithi iningi lezimbali zasolwandle lihola impilo ehleliwe. Noma kunjalo, ukuvuselelwa kwezizathu zokuzingela yilokho okudingekayo yi-actinia. Ukuhamba ngokuvame ukuqhutshwa ngezingxenye ze-symbionts. Okudumile kunazo zonke (okujwayelekile ngenxa yemidwebo yeSoviet ethinta kakhulu) iyisicabha se-hermit. Into ethakazelisayo kunazo zonke ukuthi lo makhelwane onogada wezilwandle ngokwakhe uhambisa "igobolondo" lakhe isidalwa esibulalayo esiyingozi kuma-mollusk. Sekuyisikhathi eside behlangana ngokuthula: umdlavuza uthwala imbali yolwandle ezindaweni ngezindawo, i-actinium ibonisa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwenziwa yizitha zayo zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, konke akusiyo i-cloud: "umlenze" wolwandle "imbali" uhlakaza kalula izinto eziphilayo, lapho i-carapace yenkampani ethwala khona ihlanganisa khona, ngemva kwalokho umdlavuza usuphelile.

Ukuhamba "kwe-anemones olwandle"

Ngisho nalawo ma-actinia, ahloselwe ukuhlala "endaweni", angahamba. Ekugcineni, izakhamuzi ezincane zasolwandle, njengoba zisho kubantu, "aziyiziphukuphuku kunomkhumbi" futhi ekugcineni zibona ingozi yezwe elithile eliphansi. Ngakho-ke, izimbali zasolwandle ziyaphoqeleka ukuba zifuduke, ngoba izizathu zokuzingela ziyaba yinto encane. Kuthiwani kulolu cala isenzo se-actinia esikwenzayo? Ukuhamba kancane kancane, kodwa ngokuzethemba. I-sole ihlukaniswe phansi, ikhishwa ibanga elincane, inamiswa futhi iqinisa umzimba wonke. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezincane (njengegonaktinii) zingakwazi ngisho nokubhukuda, ziqondise kabusha izintambo.

I-Fish-Actinarian Cooperation

Kumele ngithi, i-anemones olwandle i-symbiote hhayi kuphela ngamakheba. Bayahamba nezinye izikhali (noma kunjalo, kubathwali lokhu ngokuvamile kuphelela ngokulingana, ngisho nangokwezinhlobo ezincane). Nokho, i-anemones yolwandle ingahlala ngokuthula nenhlanzi. Eduze nogu lolwandle lwase-Australia, ama-aktinium amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni ("umlomo" wabo uvame ukulinganiselwa kumamitha amabili nesigamu ububanzi) unikezele indawo yokukhosela phakathi kwezintambo zazo kuya kuma-amphipriones - inhlanzi ekhanyayo edla "i-master" ngezinqolobane zokudla futhi idale i-aeration eyengeziwe ngamaphiko. I-Actinia ngesikhathi esifanayo iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa abangane babo kwezinye izinhlanzi futhi iwavikele ngenkuthalo eminyangweni yokudliwa.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-actinia

Okuthandwayo kunikezwa kwimodi yezocansi, okunye okufakazela ukuthi izimbali zasolwandle ziyizilwane, hhayi izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavumelekile, bangasebenzisa futhi i-budding, lapho umuntu eqala ukukhumbula ukukhohliswa mayelana "nesitshalo se-actinia", nokuhlukaniswa kwe-longitudinal noma okuphambene. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezincane. I-gonaktinia efanayo isetshenziselwa ukwehlukanisa ngokungafani. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukugcina lokhu: into yokuqala ikhula i-wreath ye-tentacles eceleni kwesimo somzimba, bese ihlukanisa. Ingxenye engenhla ikhula ibe yedwa, phansi- "umlomo" kanye nokusetha okunye okubekiwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwahlukana kwesibili akulindele ukuphela kokuqala, ngakho-ke i-anemone yalezi zinhlobo ingabhinqwa ngamasongo amaningana wezintambo, ukubikezela ukubonakala kokuqala kwabantu abaningana.

Ukuhlola, i-actinia isilwane noma isitshalo - kungenzeka futhi kube ngumzekelo. Ama-anemones emanzini awabheki njengomuntu njengesitha noma njengesisulu. Ngakho-ke lapho abantu bebathinta, bavele bafake (uma ungawadonsi, yiqiniso). Ungasho ukuthi zifihlekile. Futhi wonke umsebenzi we-actinia (izithombe zikhombisa lokhu) - isidalwa esihle kakhulu nesithakazelisayo, esikufunayo ngisho nokubukela.