Iziphi izilwandle ezigeza iRussia? Sibutsetelo

Elingqayizivele, iRashiya ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ezilwandle eziyishumi nambili zolwandle. Futhi eRussia kukhona i-Caspian Sea yangaphakathi. Ezweni lakithi kunezentengiselwano ezinkulu nezentengiselwano, kanye ne-navy. Yonke imithombo yemvelo yalezi zilwane iphansi ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kukahulumeni. Njengamanye amazwe, iRussia ibhekene nokungcola kwe-World Ocean, eyenzeka ngenxa yokukhululwa kwamafutha nezinye izinto ezilimazayo emanzini ayo.

Iziphi izilwandle ezigeza iRussia evela enyakatho?

Eqinisweni, kusukela engxenyeni esenyakatho uMakhelwane wethu uhlanjululwa ngamanzi ase-Arctic Ocean yedwa. Amanetha ayisithupha ayogeza ogwini lwaseRussia. Lawa yiBarents, White, Kara, Laptev, Chukchi naseMpumalanga Siberia. Zonke zazo zingaphansi, futhi kuphela uMhlophe kungolwandle olwangaphakathi. Zingamanzi angajulile ngenxa yokuthi zakhiwa yizikhukhula ezweni elinamanzi ase-oceanic. Ukujula okulinganiselwe kwalezilwandle akungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-200.

Amachibi ahlukaniswa yizo zonke izinhlobo zezintaba zeziqhingi neziqhingi: yiMhlaba Omusha, iNyakatho YaseNyakatho, i- Wrangel Island, neziqhingi zaseNovosibirsk. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo othi "Yiluphi olwandle olugeza iRussia evela enyakatho?" Akuyona into ephelele. Kungcono ukubiza igama elwandle elilodwa bese ubala ulwandle lwayo olugeza insimu enyakatho yeRussia.

I-Arctic Ocean enamandla

Insimu yalezi zilwane inezimo zezulu ezibi kakhulu. Ukushisa kwamanzi kuphansi kakhulu unyaka wonke, futhi ukuhanjiswa kwezilwandle neqhwa kwanda ekuqondeni kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Ingxenye encane yeLwandle lwaseBarents ebusika ayihlanganiswa yiqhwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igatsha loMfudumalo we-North Atlantic elifudumele lingena kule ndawo. Kule nsimu i-Murmansk - ichweba elingalimazi.

Ngenxa yemimoya nemifudlana, amaqhwa amaqhwa ala mazinga ahamba njalo, noma ahamba. Uma zihlanganisa, kutholakala ama-hummocks amakhulu, okuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha angu-15-20. Ziningi kakhulu ezilwandle zaseKara naseChukchi.

Emkhakheni wezilwandle ze-Arctic Ocean ukhona uMgwaqo WaseNyakatho YaseNyakatho, okuyinto umyalezo omfushane kakhulu ovela entshonalanga yeRussia ukuya eMpumalanga Ekude. Ubude bayo buba ngu-5600 km.

Iziphi izilwandle ezigeza iRussia empumalanga?

Kusukela kulesi siqephu uMlandia wethu uhlanjululwa yizilwandle zasePacific Ocean, okungukuthi: Japan, Okhotsk noBering. Kusukela olwandle oluvulekile lawa mazinga ahlukaniswe iziqhingi. Ziyizona ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezijulile kulo lonke izwe laseRussia. Ngezinkinga zalezilwandle kukhona ukushintshaniswa kwamanzi ne-Pacific Ocean. Kunezikhathi ezinhle zamahle. Amathanga amakhulu kunawo wonke afana neLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Lapha umzila ungafinyelela amamitha angu-14.

Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo othi "Iziphi izilwandle ezigeza iRussia evela enyakatho nasempumalanga?" Ziyoba okulandelayo: enyakatho umngcele waseRussia Federation ugezwa yizilwandle ze-Arctic Ocean, futhi empumalanga yiPacific. Bobabili ngokujula nangokusizwa kolwandle olwandle lwasePacific Ocean, bahluke kakhulu emanzini ase-Arctic Ocean.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indawo yonke yeLwandle LwaseBering (cishe ngamakhilomitha angamakhilomitha amabili) likhulu nakakhulu kunendawo yase-Saudi Arabia. ELwandle LwaBering kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-400 zezinhlanzi ezihlukahlukene.

Futhi ngaphezu koLwandle lwaseJapane akuzona amagagasi angavamile, ukuphakama kwalo kufinyelela kumamitha ayishumi. Ngokuvamile zikhona iziphepho ekwindla. Ngeziphepho ezinamandla, amagagasi aya phezulu nakakhulu. Emanzini ayo, kunezinhlobo ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye zezinhlanzi.

Ekuphumuleni kwalolu lolwandle, kungenzeka ukuthi ulandele ngokucacile imiphakathi yezwekazi, amabhasi ajulile, umthamo wezwekazi. Ukujula okukhulu kunalezi zilwandle kungamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-3.5-4, futhi zitholakala eduze kweziqhingi zeziqhingi, ezibaleka. Unenqwaba yezintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo. Kukhona nezinhlanzi ezijulile zasolwandle, futhi emngceleni wamapuleti angama-lithospheric, ama-tsunami anamandla kunayo yonke, ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemifudlana yasolwandle ngokuvamile kuvame.

Izici ze-Pacific Ocean

Umbuzo wama-sea ogeza iRashiya uxhunyiwe, okokuqala, ngokuzikhethela kwezilwandle zabo. Njengoba izilwandle zasePacific zitholakala endaweni eguquguqukayo yezulu, amanzi abo abhekene nokushisa okushisa. Kodwa ngenkathi ebandayo, umoya ovuthayo ovela kuleli zwekazi uthathwa kulezi zilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe yonke insimu yase-Okhotsk, kanye nezindawo zezilwandle zaseBering neziJapane zihlanganiswe ne-ice strata.

Izwe lemvelo lalezi zilwandle licebile kakhulu kunamaLwandle aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic. EMpumalanga Ekude kunesilwane esibalulekile - uphawu lwesinwele, kanye ne-otter sea. I-salmon, i-cod, i-herring, i-mussels kanye ne-crabs ibaluleke kakhulu kulo mboni.

Amazwe aseningizimu nasentshonalanga

Iziphi izilwandle ezigeza iRussia kusukela eningizimu nasentshonalanga? Lapha amagquma aseRussia angamandla emanzini ase-Atlantic Ocean. E-Atlantic yizilwandle zangaphakathi: i-Baltic, i-Black ne-Azov. Zitholakala ejulile ezweni futhi cishe azihambisani nolwandle oluyinhloko. Lezi zilwandle zifudumele kakhulu. Amanxweme abo abalulekile embonini yezokuvakasha. Ngesikhathi esifushane ebusika, kuhlanganiswa i-ice cover ku-Azov, kanye nezingxenye ezingajulile zezilwandle zaseMnyama naseCaspian.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaGreki asendulo awazange athambekele ekunikezeni i-Azov isikhundla esiphakeme njengolwandle. Bayibiza ngokumane - uLwandle lwaseMeotian.

Omncane kunazo zonke futhi ongajulile yiLwandle iBaltic. I-Russia ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ezindawo ezimbili: i-Finnish ne-Gdansk. Ngezinye izikhathi imimoya enamandla iphakamisa amanzi aseGulf of Finland, okuvame ukubangela izikhukhula eSt. Petersburg. Iziphi izilwandle ezigeza iRashiya, zibaluleke kakhulu embonini. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezilandelayo zibanjwa eGulf of Finland: ukhula lwe-Baltic, u-Baltic sprat, i-cod. Imfuyo yezilwandle zase-Azov neCaspian icebile kakhulu: isibonelo, kuze kube ngu-80% we-stock sturgeon yesitembu se-Caspian Sea.

IGulf of Finland inezici eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokuvuselela kwawo emakhulwini angu-18-19, lesi samachibi "sagudla" imikhumbi eminingi. Izinkuni ezivela kuzo azizange zenziwe usawoti ngamanzi alo, ngakho-ke imikhumbi yasheshe yawela phansi.