Inqubo Legisaktsionny e komthetho wamaRoma: incazelo essence definition

Esikhathini sethu, ukuyisa udaba enkantolo - ke kuyinsakavukela. Ngalo ihlanganisa emacaleni hhayi kuphela isigebengu nezokuphatha, kodwa futhi nezindaba ngofuzo, isehlukaniso, sivikelwe, zomthetho, kanye nabanye abaningi. ERoma lasendulo, isikhungo zokwahlulela ngisesemncani khulu, ngakho izinto eziningi zalunga ngu nangobudlova. , в ходе которого рассматривались первые в мире исковые документы. Ukuze kuqedwe lokhu, iziphathimandla zasungula inqubo legisaktsionny, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kubhekwa amaphepha kwezwe yokuqala ezihambayo.

Umlando nesenzakalo

UMbuso WaseRoma isikhathi eside khulu esitjhabeni ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuze athobele isimo salo, nababusi balo wadala izikhungo ezahlukene zikahulumeni, eyasungulwa ngosizo lomthetho. Ngokusobala babekholelwa ukuthi kuhlonipha imitsetfo esungulwe - kungumsebenzi zonke isakhamuzi. Kodwa ukuthi benzeni labo basuka lo mthetho? Kwaphela isikhathi eside amaRoma mkhuba lynching kwakwamukeleka ngempela. Kodwa iziphathimandla bebengeneme Ngaleli lungiselelo izinto, ngakho kwanqunywa ukuba usethe sehlangano yomphakathi, okuyinto uzokwazi ngokuphumelelayo futhi angabacwasi ukuqhuba kwesivivinyo. – название, которое образовалось само собой от латинских слов Legis и Actiones, что означает «закон в действии». A egisaktsionny - igama, okuyinto ngokwayo kwamiswa kusukela Latin amazwi futhi Legis actiones, okuyinto lisho ukuthi "umthetho esenzweni".

Kumiswa Isivivinyo sokuqala

Okokuqala-ke kwakudingekile ukuba khetha iqoqo imithetho ezaziyokwenzeka icala. Kwakudingeka njengoba fair ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esiqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhodi kufanele ngokucacile ehlelekileko begodu ebhaliwe ngaphandle isisihla olulodwa. Kuzo zonke ezazikhona ngesikhathi sendaba kwemibhalo yomphakathi eyayibhalwe abakhethiwe Imithetho XII amatafula, lapho inqubo legisaktsionny eyasungulwa ngo komthetho wamaRoma. Khangela, basibekele ezibaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, kwenkululeko imisebenzi, kanye acabangele isikhundla emphakathini ngamunye. Ngemva kunemithetho elotshwe asebenzelana, iyiswe Ukukhetha amalungu omhlangano. Ehola kwakufanele abe yijaji. Yiqiniso, legisaktsionny Isivivinyo kwakungamelwe badle indawo ngaphandle ummangali futhi ummangalelwa. waqala amalungu Minor ka amajaji lomcimbi.

Isici esiyinhloko yenqubo

Njengoba inqubo legisaktsionny e komthetho wamaRoma egqoka imvelo luyingxenye zomthetho, izinhlinzeko zoMthetho ezilandelayo ezihleli:

• Umthombo oyinhloko uwukwenza ilungelo civil (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umthetho XII amathebula).
• Izifundo ukuthi kungaba khona enkantolo - Quirites futhi Latins. Okungukuthi inqubo legisaktsionny bavunyelwe iqhaza kuzo zonke ezisemthethweni izakhamuzi zoMbuso WaseRoma, okuyinto babekwazi ukunikeza ubufakazi lokhu. Uma kwaba umuntu ngaphandle kwedokodo kwakhe kwakufanele abe ungowokuzalwa ezweni. Abezinye Izizwe ukubamba iqhaza ohlolweni bahluleka.
• Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi has izigaba ezimbili: eyokuqala - e imantshi zokwahlulela, kwesibili - ngqo enkantolo.
• Imiqondo ezifana party ekuvikeleni nasekumiseni ummangalelwa, wayengekho. Ngakho-ke, ummangali wedwa bachazela zonke izikhalazo zabo kanye neziphakamiso, futhi ummangalelwa yena wayenokuqonda ukumelela ngokwabo. Akazange Unelungelo futhi kungenzeka ukuqasha ummeli.

Ukungabikho Institute engekho

Kusobala ukuthi legisaktsionny inqubo Roman zokwahlulela wayengekho ophucukile ngakho nesihawu, njengoba wesimanje. Ukulungisela Umhlangano simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: cabanga nesitatimende ummangali, ijaji ke wakhethwa, ukubakhona kwakhe kwaba saziso, futhi ngolunye usuku olwalunqunyiwe. Ukuze le nkantolo, njengoba ummangali futhi ummangalelwa kwakufanele beze kuye. Nge inkinga kwenzeka okokuqala kanini - umfakisicelo ibilokhu endaweni njalo. Ngokuqondene yesibili, khona-ke ngokuvamile abantu abasolwa noma osolwa ngokuthumba noma yini, wagijima nje. Babazi ukuthi inqubo legisaktsionny ayiqaliswanga uma ummangalelwa ehluleka ukuvela kuso, ngoba ngalezo zinsuku kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ucabangele ebufakazini obutholakalayo balelo cala ngokungabi bikho omunye amaqembu.

Amalungelo esisemthethweni ummangali

Kususelwa eziyimbangela yalokhu, umuntu osefake isicelo enkantolo Roman, bavunyelwe ukuphoqelela ummangalelwa khona isigwebo. Yebo, ubudlova phezu ingxenye ummangali kwakuyinto evamile, kodwa ukulinganiselwa ezithile: kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba banikeze umonakalo, zigoga, futhi nakakhulu ukubulala ummangalelwa. Uma ecaleni kwakungekho omunye amaqembu, umhlangano ezaqedwa ngokuphelele kokubili imantshi kanye nenkantolo.

inqubo Isiteji legisaktsionnogo

Ukwakhiwa walesi sikhungo Court eRoma yasendulo Wawugujelwani kusebenta kwato okwengeziwe zomhlaba iqhinga elilodwa ngalokulingene. Ngu ekudaleni kulomzimba nokuchaza yayo uhla imisebenzi, amaRoma ohlukeneko ke ngezigaba, zisekhona kanti ezinye zaziba eyayihambisana yesimanje abameli. Ngakho, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, izigaba e zegceke kwakukhona amabili. Eyokuqala ezenzeka esikhathini ehhovisi irejista, futhi nje kwecala lesibili owawuse ngqo khona amajaji.

Isigaba sokuqala - In Jure

Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi elihunyushwa ngokuthi "nokungakhethi". Lo msebenzi wenziwa amajaji zokwahlulela (Rex, inxusa kamuva - Pretoria). Isakhamuzi, owayekholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akhe wephuliwe, bafaka icala ukuze imantshi, lapho, ngaphezu kokwethula imfuno, ucele inkantolo ukuze sithole isivikelo. Umuntu ophethe umzimba uyazicabangela le dokhumenti, aqinise ukuthi lihambisana kanjani nomthetho futhi ukuthi abize enkantolo esimweni samanje. Uma kunqunywa ukuthi isimangalo esizwakalayo, wathunyelwa kucutshungulwe. Uma uthola noma yikuphi isitatimende ukungafani wabuya kummangali.

Eyesibili esiteji - In Judicio

Yenzeka ngqo egunjini lokuqula icala, lapho umbuzo kwanqunywa on izinzuzo. будет осуществлен, равнялся 30 дням. Inkathi phakathi nokufaka isimangalo futhi imantshi ntambama lapho inqubo legisaktsionny oyokwenziwa, zaba izinsuku ezingu-30. Phakathi nale nkathi, amaqembu engamtholi agumenti kanye nobufakazi akanacala. Ngemva kokulalela zonke agumenti, ijaji wakhuthazelela sinqumo lwamazwi obungenakuphikwa lofakazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye futhi umbuzo ofanayo futhi ngokuthi iMantshi bahluleka.

Amafomu legisaktsionnogo inqubo

• Legis Actio Sacramento. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, owawusedolobheni ifomu yokubheja. Ephambi kwezinduna kummangali futhi imantshi ummangalelwa yafinyelela ku Duel ngamazwi. Ngemva kokuthethwa kwecala kufanele zibe isihloko impikiswano noma ingxenye yalo. Umfakisicelo kungadinga izincazelo owayephikisana izenzo zabo, kodwa omunye wesibili zaziphinde zibe nelungelo lokwenqaba ukuya. Ngemva amaqembu bacelwe ukuthi idiphozi yemali ngenxa into ingxabano. Uma labo usukhokhe wathi lemali, wokulahlekelwa bakhe izimali zidluliselwa isimo yengcebo.
• Legis Actio Per Sponsionem Praejudicialem - version ngasekupheleni amafomu odlule. Zihlukaniswa yokuthi ngemva ngamazwi Duel isandla wathumela enkantolo sinqumo sokugcina.
• Legis Actio Per Manus Injectionem - Icala elibhekene yokungakhokhi izikweletu. Ummangali alethwe ummangalelwa, eyincenga ukuba akhokhe lokho wayekweleta. Phezu kokuthola ukwenqaba isicelo wavunyelwa ukuba agqoke ngozankosi ummangalelwa futhi uyigcine ukuba izinsuku ezingu-30. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakungenzeka ukuba okweletayo babulawa noma kuthengiswe.
• Legus Actio Per Pignoris Capionem - icala by akhombise izibambiso. Khonza ngokuqondene nemihlatshelo, futhi uma-ke kwakudingekile ukuba isifundazwe sikhokhele emisebenzini yezempi.
• Legis Actio Per Judicis Postulationem - nesinxephezelo ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla ngokuhlanganyela futhi ucele iMantshi lokuqoka yijaji ethile.

izikhungo Okufanayo eRoma

Ngokuvamile, Wabasaqalayo, izazi-mlando nezingqapheli abameli udidekile izinqubo legisaktsionny futhi formulary. Ngempela, zifana kakhulu noma ezifanayo. Umehluko wukuthi inqubo formulary uvele kancane kamuva legisaktsionnogo njengoba injalo lula. Iphinde lalinabashumayeli izigaba ezimbili, kodwa zonke izimangalo, nganoma iluphi ngezizathu zazakhiwe, ucabangela efanayo. izinqubo formulary ngokuvamile musa sifinyelele esigabeni sesibili, kusukela imantshi wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza isinqumo sokuthi iyiphi ingxabano ngokubona kwayo.