Amanzi ukuhwamuka isitshalo eziphilayo

Amanzi ukuhwamuka noma transpiration, - lena ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobufakazi isikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Amanzi amuncwa uhlelo impande kanye namaminerali ziyoncibilika ezibalulekile ukuze nokukhula okuvamile umzimba. Iningi amanzi amuncwa iyasha amahlamvu.

Iqhaza yamanzi ukuthuthukiswa isitshalo umzimba. Amanzi - intfo lebaluleke kakhulu futhi indima yalo kuleli isikhathi sokuphila kwayo kunzima overestimate. Ngenxa amanzi isekela turgor amaseli, okwenza amaqabunga neziqu ikhululekile futhi bakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlupheka. Ngaphandle ngokwanele isitshalo ketshezi ngokushesha buphela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye amanzi amuncwa empandeni namaminerali anikezwa zonke izinhlaka plant. Umswakama futhi ivikela umzimba okweqile. Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi izitshalo senzeka ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa stomata - ekhethekile ukwakheka amaqabunga. Kwezinye isilinganiso transpiration Kwenziwa futhi wonke isitshalo ngokusebenzisa le ndwangu ukwemboza.

Stomata nokwakheka kwawo. Ukuhwamuka amaqabunga amanzi kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo ezikhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi stoma. Stomata siqukethe amaseli ezimbili unogada ucwezana ukuma, phakathi lapho kukhona igebe encane. Udonga kwangaphakathi kwamaseli unogada mkhulu futhi yangaphandle - mncane. Ngaphansi sakhiwo umgodi encane.

Stomata zitholakala nhlangothi zombili ishidi. Kodwa izitshalo eziningi zitholakala engxenyeni engaphakathi kuso. Kodwa ngesikhathi izitshalo amanzi, amahlamvu baxhumane ngamanzi (isb, amanzi lily), - ohlangothini elingaphandle leaf.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi stomata banesibopho hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, kodwa futhi ngoba negesi lokushintshisana emkhathini - ngokusebenzisa kwabo kukhona umoya-mpilo futhi carbon dioxide.

Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi: kuthatha indawo? Njengoba sekushiwo, transpiration singenzeka ngokusebenzisa ihlanganisa wonke umzimba isitshalo umzimba - kulesi simo-ke kubizwa ngokuthi cuticular. I amaqabunga, sifanamsindvo kanye neminye imigwamanda ye izitshalo abasha embozwe ungqimba elilodwa epidermis - kuso kukhona umswakama ukususwa. Ngo izitshalo avuthiwe okwengeziwe ebusweni elingaphandle ibhola is imali wax cuticle evikela umzimba kusuka ukulahlekelwa ngokweqile umswakama futhi iphele ukuphuma. Ngakho-ke, transpiration cuticular emaqabungeni ovuthiwe kuyehla kube sezingeni eliphansi.

ukuhwamuka Main sihamba ke ngokusebenzisa stomata. Ukuqala uhamba emanzini ngokusebenzisa izitsha xylem, yabe isihamba izindonga cell ku izikhala intercellular lapho podustichnye eqoqwe ingaphakathi.

Ukuvula kanye nokuvala stomata ngokuyinhloko kuthonywa isilinganiso yamanzi. Lapho umswakama aqoqana amaseli unogada, bona owengeziwe futhi athathe isimo a ucezu - kulokhu igebe liyavuleka. Uma amanzi akwanele kumaseli, balahlekelwa turgor, ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo uwa phansi ukuvala umqhewu.

Isimo umphumela stomata nesikhutha okuqukethwe. Uma ezingeni ku izicubu izitshalo esizazisayo, izinqubo of the stomata ukuvulwa isebenze. A at high kakhulu lokuhlushwa igebe igesi ivaliwe. Yingakho stomata zivaliwe ebusuku, lapho izinqubo photosynthesis sithule.

Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kanye nezici zayo ambalwa. Njenganoma iyiphi enye inqubo, transpiration has izinkomba ambalwa, ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo, isayensi kanye nezinye imikhakha yokuphila komuntu.

Ngokwesibonelo, izinga transpiration kubonisa amagremu eziningi kanjani yamanzi esabelwe ingxenye ethile endaweni sikabhanana iyunithi isikhathi. Ngu yokulinganisa umkhiqizo transpiration, kungenzeka ukuthi kungakanani isisindo dry zalesi sihlahla iye zanqwabelana ngesikhathi ukuhwamuka elilodwa kilogram yamanzi. A ngokuchaza ngalezi zinkomba, kungenzeka ukuthola ezinye izici ngazinye nezitshalo ngokunganaki, ukusungula izimo ezidingekile ekukhuleni kwayo elikhiqizayo.