Inthanethi zezinto - kuyini? Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Inthanethi izinto eRussia

I-Internet isiyindlela ukufohla yangempela impucuko womuntu. Nge Kwathi eziningi izitayela ezintsha kwezomnotho ukuzwana nabantu. Omunye wabo - lena Inthanethi Izinto. Kuyini lokhu? Kuyini essence yayo? Ingabe le ntuthuko noma cha? Konke lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Kusukela kumagama kungaqondakala ukuthi into eyinhloko ukuxhumana izinto ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda ibinzana ngokwayo ibonwa njengoba uhlobo engenangqondo. Kodwa kumelwe siwaqonde ngokuthi i "inethiwekhi izinto." Okungukuthi, abaningi baba kalowo ukuba inguqulo okulula kusuka igama lesiNgisi elithi yentuthuko ngaphandle lithathelwe nezimo zendawo.

Uma sikhuluma Inthanethi Izinto iyathandwa, kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngaphansi umqondo isikhala lapho kukhona inhlanganisela imihlaba digital futhi analog. Ngenxa yalesi kukhona lichazwe kabusha kobuhlobo bethu izinto futhi ukukhomba bemvelo yabo kanye nezici ezengeziwe. Ngaphansi lo mqondo kusho noma iyiphi into ebonakalayo noma yangempela ukuthi likhona futhi zingasuswa ngesikhathi nendawo.

Lapha Nokho, ngifuna ukunibuza umbuzo, njengoba luhlobene non-akukho idatha digital, kodwa umkhuba sizobonisa konke. Empeleni, ngaphansi lesi simanga bona inombolo encane izinzwa kanye namadivayisi ezixhunywe imigudu yokuxhumana futhi exhunywe kwi-Inthanethi. Lapha sibheka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlanganiswa of imihlaba zangempela kanye virtual lapho abantu kanye namadivayisi isinyathelo amaqembu njengoba alinganayo ukuxhumana. Yilokho-Inthanethi Sezinto. Kuyini, esisanda kuxoxa ngazo, manje, ake sinake cwaninga zibheke eziyimbangela yalokhu.

Ukudala i-prototype ye

Umuntu wokuqala ohlongozwayo into efanayo, kwaba Nikola Tesla. Yena ngo-1926 aphakanyisiwe inyunyana zonke izinto yisikhungo esisodwa esebenzisa zomsakazo ezingeke uye savela kwindawo "zobuchopho." amathuluzi ukuphathwa beyoba ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze uthole ephaketheni. into online wokuqala emhlabeni sidaliwe ngomunye zooyise TCP / IP Romka John ngo-1990, lapho uxhumeke into yokucocobalisa yami inthanethi. olubhalwe ngolimi lwesiNgisi ukuze achaze lesi umqondo (Inthanethi Izinto) ahlinzekwa Kevin Ashton. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1999. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sidale Centre for okuzenzakalelayo Ukukhomba, ngawo into enjalo futhi okusakazekile. Ngo-2008, inani lwezinto ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi lidlule inani abantu abafinyelela kuyona. Yilokho Kutfutfukisa kube yilolu suku-Inthanethi Sezinto. Izibonelo zalesi simo uzonikezwa kamuva embhalweni.

The kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa esizayo

Kusolwa ukuthi kuyoba kubalulekile abahlanganyeli ebhizinisini ebhizinisi, nomphakathi kanye izinqubo ulwazi. Lapha, izinto izovela beyizikhonzi asebenzayo nokuxhumana. Bazokwazi ukuthi "ukuxhumana" nabanye, ulwazi ngamunye odlulayo ngemvelo, kodwa futhi ukuba baphendule futhi kuthonye izinqubo ezenzeka imvelo Ngaphansi kokulawula kwazo, ngaphandle ukubandakanywa umuntu.

isakhiwo isakhiwo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Inthanethi zezinto usungula nohlaka olucacile ngokubambisana, kanye esikalini ithonya. Ezinye izazi ziye yayisemngceleni umfuziselo nje isakhiwo ngezigaba ezifana:

1. izinga loku-1. Ukuhlonza ngamunye bengavumi ngamunye.
2. izinga lesi-2. Iyisevisi ukuthi ilwela izidingo umuntu (njengoba kungenzeka isibonelo esikhethekile kubhekwe "smart ekhaya" uhlelo).
3. izinga lesi-3. It is a service eyakhelwe welithi "smart" idolobha. It kwenza kube nokuqoqwa nokulungisa zonke ulwazi olufanele ezakhamuzini komnikazi, kanye ezindaweni ezithile, omakhelwane kanye namakhaya.
4. izinga lesi-4. iplanethi Ukudideka. It uba elandela isibonelo ezingeni lesithathu, kodwa emhlabeni wonke.

Indlela ukudlulisa idatha Inthanethi sezinto?

kufanele usebenzise ulimi olufanayo ukuze ukuxhumana nokuxhumana amadivayisi (indlela). Cisco besiba kokuhlaziya lobuchwepheshe, lapho yasungulwa ukuthi izidingo uhlobo olusha inethiwekhi singafakwa ingashintshwa ukuze ubuchwepheshe IP. Kulokhu, ukuphela kwendlela yokuxhumana Asho ukuthini kubo phakathi kumadivayisi ezahlukene, kuyilapho umshini ngolimi olulodwa ukukhuluma akudingekile. Kodwa ngisho ne isiqalo ezinjalo, singasho ukuthi izindlela eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezicucu ngasinye zokokusebenza okusamelwe zenziwe zilandele izilinganiso ezithile, futhi ngeke kwenzeke ngendlela efanayo njengoba kwaba njalo nangamaKristu Inthanethi.

ubuchwepheshe

Sesivele ezimboziwe, uyini-Inthanethi izinto, lokho oyikho nalokho Izinsiza kunganikeza esikhathini esizayo. Futhi nangu kanjani lo mqondo ezingase zithathwe? Okwamanje, kusekelwe ubuchwepheshe ezimbili:

1. Omsakazo ukuhlonza. Lokhu indlela ukuqashelwa lezinto, lapho ngokusebenzisa amaza omsakazo senzeka nokubhala phansi ukufunda idatha etholakalayo. Agcinwa ku transponder. Lobu buchwepheshe awunankinga yokwenze ethungatha ukuhamba izinto, kanye-ke ubhekana anguye ukukhiqiza imali ezincane zolwazi. Leli cala kungabangela lokhu: umfundi esiqandisini. Imikhiqizo ezibekwe ekhethekile RFID tags. Njengoba nje ukuphila kwabo eshalofini imayelana ekupheleni, singathanda kwaqashelwa lokhu. Uma ukudla uzogcina esiqandisini, kungenzeka ukunikeza isaziso mayelana nalo muntu.
2. Wireless inzwa amanethiwekhi. Kulokhu kusho ukuba khona sebuningini izinzwa kanye actuators, elihlanganiswa nge radio. Le ndawo Ukusabalala kuleli cala bangase lisukela amamitha ambalwa ambalwa amakhilomitha. Futhi konke lokhu kuzokwenziwa sibonga sidlulisele imiyalezo emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka uhlelo. Lo mbono kakade ithole ukuqaliswa ekuxazululeni izinkinga eziningi ezingokoqobo ukuthi zihlobene zokuqapha, logistic ukuphathwa nokunye.

ukuqaliswa Izinkinga

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okwamanje - ke ukungabi khona amazinga. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ubunzima obukhulu nge nokuhlanganiswa nezixazululo ezihlongozwayo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuzimela zonke izinto. Ngamanye amazwi, kubalulekile ukuba zifunde ukwenza izinzwa ezifana abasitholayo amandla kusuka imvelo hhayi kusukela ibhethri. Kufanele sokucabangela izingozi ezingaba khona, esizolokhu ukuba khona kunethiwekhi yomhlaba, lapho ungakwazi ukulawula umhlaba wonke. Inzalo futhi siyoba yini internet izinto ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi. Phela, kuyoba okwanele ugesi kwalasha - nayo yonke impumelelo kungase kungadingeki. Ngakho-ke kuyodingeka ukunikeza amandla hhayi kuphela izinzwa encane, kodwa futhi ukucutshungulwa uhlelo.

amathuba

Kodwa uma ucabanga ngakho, ohlangothini negative kuyinto cishe ngaso sonke. Ngakho ake ukugxila ezintweni ezakhayo, okuyinto uzalela "Inthanethi Sezinto" ubuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, ukuqaliswa kwayo kungaholela yokuthi:

1. Izinto uyohlale ukusekela umuntu.
2. Bayoba ukuqinisekisa obala yenqubo kanye okuzobhekwa zisuka ku umphumela etholwe.
3. Kuncike emakamu ayigxilile ukusebenza phezu oyifunayo.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphathwa kuzokwenziwa kusetshenziswa idivayisi encane, indima okungase enze ngisho smartphone. Nakuba kungenzeka ngisho ukuthi le njongo izosetshenziswa shelwe lomuntu kuyunithi. Kodwa lokhu namanje nasesikhathini esikude esizayo. Nakuba, awazi ukuthi.

Yini ngesiRashiya?

Inthanethi Izinto eRussia azinakho ihlelwe kakhulu. Izinyathelo zokuqala lula ke benziwa kuphela ekwindla ka 2015. A nesicelo sokusungula inkampani thematic Consortium "Rostelecom" wenza kuphela kwentwasahlobo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndawo abekho abaholi abazikhundla kungaba elingenakuphikwa. Ngakho-ke, kwakuthiwa, unawo wonke amathuba ukuze uthole phambili kule mboni. Nokho, i-impumelelo inkampani kuyodingeka bethathekile futhi popularization yayo, echaza konke okungukuthi iyona Inthanethi sezinto. Izithombe, amavidiyo kanye ezihlukahlukene imibukiso ezethula ivulekele wonkana, lokhu kungakusiza kuphela. Futhi, Kulokhu kuzosiza ze asebenzayo abezindaba. Kuyadingeka ukuba ivuse isithakazelo sabantu ngobuchwepheshe, leminyaka. Futhi kulokhu, sidinga utshalomali ngemali okukhulu. Khona-ke singalindela ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali esizenzayo manje, kuyosilethela izinzuzo esikhathini esizayo.

isiphetho

Ngakho sabuka lokho Inthanethi Izinto. Kuyini futhi kungaba kwakuthiwa luzosebenza kanjani - akufanele kube kulolu daba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi emhlabeni njalo abasafufusa ubuchwepheshe eziphambili. Umsebenzi wezwe lakithi - kuzo zonke indlela yokusiza labo asesabi ulinge futhi udale into entsha. Kuyadingeka ukuba basekelwe umnyuziki kulabo abafisa ukusebenza ukuze kuzuze sonke isintu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sikhohlwe izingozi ezingaba khona. Ngakho, kufanele babe ukhathazekile kakhulu ngolwazi bokuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Internet ngezinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele yokuthi izinqubo ezinjalo kungaba nemiphumela engemihle labo abanemizimba ubuvila (futhi kubhekwa awokuthi abantu kwenani labantu). Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukwethula ubuchwepheshe ukuze ezahlukahlukene ukunciphisa ecaleni embi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhulisa ezinhle.