Kinematics - Kinematics kuyinto ...: definition, ifomula, inkinga

Uyini kinematics? Lokhu kwesigatshana Mechanics ukuthi ufunda izindlela zezibalo kanye weJiyomethri wokuchaza ezinyakazayo lezinto idealized. Bangabakhe izigaba eziningana. Isihloko sihloko lanamuhla kuyoba izici ukuthi ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne welithi "kinematics". Sizokwenza kanjani nezinkinga eziningi, kodwa kuqale kakhulu kalutho imiqondo eyisisekelo kanye izincazelo ngokusebenzisa kwawo emkhakheni.

Yini izinto ezibhekwa?

Uma kinematics - kuyinto igatsha physics ukuthi ufunda izindlela ukuchaza ezinyakazayo ale migwamanda ezahlukene-izikhala, bese kudingeka usebenze lezidumbu ngokwabo, angithi? Ukuze uzwisise ngokushesha yini sengozini, ungakwazi thola eyenzelwe izingane zesikole multimedia sifundo. Kinematics sokuqonda nje, uma uzibuka izisekelo zalo. Ngo kokuyifunda, uzophawula ukuthi ngemcondvo kukhona ulwazi esigabeni physics study imithetho motion amaphuzu impahla. Phawula indlela ngokuvamile ichaza izinto. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphuzu ezibonakalayo nje kuphela kubhekwa into kinematics. Lesi sigaba uhlola izimiso physics tenhlangano nemizimba esingashintshi, futhi uketshezi ekahle. Isikhathi esining impela, le miqondo emithathu ehlangana zibe munye, ngoba kumane nje kuthi "izinto idealized." Idealization kulesi simo isidingo imputation futhi kude kungenzeka amaphutha ehlelekile. Uma ubheka incazelo iphuzu impahla, uzophawula ukuthi elikushoyo ngalokhu okulandelayo: umzimba, usayizi okungase dengwane isimo efanele. Lokhu kungenziwa kuqondwe kanje: kuqhathaniswa ne ibanga izilinganiso komugqa into azinakwa.

Lokho isetshenziselwa ukuchaza?

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, kinematics - lokhu sub-Mechanics, okuyinto study izindlela wokuchaza motion iphuzu. Kodwa uma kunjalo, kusho ukuthi ukuba bafeze imisebenzi enjalo kudingeka ezinye imiqondo eziyisisekelo kanye nezimiso, ezifana axiomatic? Yebo. Futhi kulokhu bakuphi. Okokuqala, ku kinematics wamisa umthetho ukuxazulula inkinga, hhayi ubuka amabutho ayisukumele iphuzu impahla. Sonke siyazi ukuthi umzimba yanda noma decelerated kwenzeka ukuthi lawo mandla izenzo ezithile kuso. Futhi kinematics - lena esigatshaneni elikuvumela ukuba usebenze ukusheshisa. Nokho, ubunjalo amandla abasafufusa akubhekwa lapha. Ukuchaza ezinyakazayo isicelo izingabunjalo, le komugqa futhi geometry ngekwendzawo ne-Aljibhra. Futhi ukudlala grid indima futhi uhlela ngokwabo. Kodwa sizobe ukukhuluma ngemva kwesikhashana.

Umlando sokudalwa

Umsebenzi wokuqala kwi kinematics ayenzelwe usosayensi omkhulu u-Aristotle. Ayakha ezinye zezimiso eziyisisekelo yaleli gatsha. Futhi ngisho naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi wakhe kanye okutholakele ziqukethe ezinye imicabango yabantu eyiphutha nemicabango, umsebenzi wakhe kusazuzisa kakhulu physics zanamuhla. Imisebenzi ka-Aristotle kamuva wafunda uGalileo Galilei. Uye olwenziwa ucwaningo nge abadumile Ukuncika Tower lapho zihlolwa regularities mahhala umzimba falling. Ngemva kokubukeza bonke ubude nobubanzi ukucabanga noGalileo ngaphansi ukugxekwa iziphetho Aristotle ezwakalayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma yokugcina wabhala ukuthi amandla - kuyimbangela motion, uGalileo wafakazela ukuthi amandla ukushesha ukuthi iyini imbangela, kodwa hhayi yokuthi umzimba ethatha futhi uqala ukunyakaza izoya. Ngokusho-Aristotle, umzimba ungakwazi kuphela ukuthola isivinini ngaphansi kwethonya ibutho elithile. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi lo mbono kuyinto iphutha, ngoba kukhona iyunifomu komugqa ezinyakazayo. Lokhu waphinda kubonisa kinematics ifomula. Futhi siya ku embuzweni olandelayo.

Kinematics. Physics. imiqondo eyisisekelo

Kulesi sigaba kukhona eziningi zezimiso eziyisisekelo nezincazelo. Ake uqale nge ayinhloko.

ukunyakaza mechanical

Mhlawumbe, esikoleni, sizama ukubeka umbono walokho angabhekwa ngokunyakaza lokukhanda. Thina kwatheleka nsukuzonke, njalo ngehora, njalo ngesekhondi. ukunyakaza Mechanical, sicabanga inqubo okwenzeka esikhaleni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungukuthi ushintsho isikhundla umzimba. Kuvame kakhulu esetshenziswayo wokuhlobana kwezinto, okungukuthi ukuthi isikhundla, uthi, umzimba lokuqala ishintshile mayelana isikhundla yesibili. Akhe e the starting line singabantwana izimoto ezimbili. opharetha wakhomba noma ovuthayo izibani - imishini futhi ingcula. Ekuqaleni ushintsho isikhundla kakade. Futhi ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngakho eside futhi oyisicefe: isihlobo ukuba izimbangi zayo, isihlobo emgqeni isiqalo, umbukeli kuqhathaniswa esinqunyiwe. Kodwa mhlawumbe umqondo ucacile. I Kungashiwo okufanayo ngabantu ababili abayizishosha noma luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa noma ehlukile. Isikhundla ngamunye wabo ngokuhlobene nezinye kuyahlukahluka ngesikhathi ngasinye phuzu.

inkomba uhlelo

Kinematics, physics - zonke lezi sciences usebenzisa eliyisisekelo ezifana uhlelo inkomba. Eqinisweni, it has a indima ebalulekile kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa zemiraro cishe kuyo yonke indawo. uye izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile kungahlanganiswa uhlelo reference.

Ukuxhumanisa igridi

Lesi sakamuva zimane nje iqoqo izinombolo kanye namagama. Ukusebenzisa incazelo amayunithi okunengqondo, singakwazi ukwakha eyodwa-ntathu noma ezimbili-ntathu igridi, okuyokwenza ukuba uxazulule izinkinga elula ngokushintsha isikhundla iphuzu impahla ukuba ngesikhathi esinikeziwe. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa umkhuba grid mgudumbili ngezimbazo X ( "X") futhi Y ( "y"). Ngo isikhala ngakuthathu kunezela Z-eksisi ( "yesiza") futhi kukhona wezikhali kuphela izixhumanisi eyodwa-ntathu X. Ngokuvamile ukusebenza futhi kwesimo endaweni. Futhi okokuqala sihlangana nabo esikoleni esiphansi, lapho siqala ukudweba obuphelele ecacisiwe. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu akukho kodwa ukusetshenziswa izixhumanisi ukuze ukhombise isiqalo nesiphetho.

Kinematics kwebanga le-10. Inani

lwezindinganiso eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga of kinematics ngephuzu - ibanga, isikhathi, isivinini kanye ukushesha. Ake sixoxe ezimbili zokugcina ngokuningiliziwe. Zombili lezi zimiso - vector. Ngamanye amazwi, banayo hhayi kuphela ukubonisa zezinombolo, kodwa futhi indlela ethile kusengaphambili. ukunyakazisa umzimba kuzoba isiqondiso lapho vector Isivinini uqondiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kumelwe singakhohlwa vector ukushesha, uma sinesimo esimweni ukunyakaza engalingani. Ukusheshisa kungenziwa iqondiswe luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa noma okuphambene. Uma banayo eya ohlangothini olulodwa, umzimba uqala ukunyakaza ngokushesha. Uma izinkomba ezahlukene, Ukwehla kuzokwenzeka ukuba into ize sithule. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-khona okuphambene ukusheshisa umzimba ukuthola isivinini, isb uzodlulela kolunye uhlangothi. Konke lokhu kungenxa practice kakhulu, libonisa ngokucacile kinematics. 10 ekilasini - lena ngenkathi kwesigaba physics wembula ngokwanele.

ifomula

Formula kinematics ilula ngokwanele okukhiphayo, futhi ukukhumbula. Ngokwesibonelo, ifomula siwela ngoba ngesinye isikhathi ibanga into ine ifomu elilandelayo: S = vot + e- ^ 2/2. Njengoba singabona, ohlangothini lwesobunxele esinakho nje elifanayo. Ohlangothini lwesokunene ungathola Isivinini kokuqala, futhi ukusheshisa isikhathi. "Plus" uphawu imele ngokwemibandela kuphela, njengoba ukusheshisa kungathatha ukubaluleka negative scalar phakathi kwenqubo unyathela amabhuleki into. Empeleni, kinematics ukunyakaza lisikisela khona kohlobo olulodwa lwamasosha isivinini, sihlale uthi "kokuqala", "ukuphela", "osheshayo". isivinini leso livela ngesikhathi esithile. Kodwa uma ucabanga ngakho, khona-ke yezingxenye sokugcina noma kokuqala akulutho zako ngokwengxenye, angithi? Isihloko "Kinematics" Cishe ozithandayo phakathi zesikole, ngoba kulula futhi ezithakazelisayo.

izibonelo imisebenzi

Esikhathini kinematics elula, kukhona izigaba yonke ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Bonke bangabangasokile e ehlangene motion iphuzu impahla ngandlela-thile. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye zidinga ukuthi ukunquma ibanga umzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungase imingcele eyaziwa njenge Isivinini kokuqala nokusheshisa. Futhi mhlawumbe, ngaphambi umfundi umise umsebenzi, okuyinto nje elifanayo kuyoba isidingo sokuveza futhi abale ukusheshisa umzimba. Ake sicabangele lesi sibonelo. Imoto iqale kusuka isikhundla static. Ngayiphi indlela nesikhathi ukuya amasekhondi angu-5, uma ukusheshisa ilingana amamitha amathathu, ahlukaniswe okwesibili sikwele?

Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga sidinga S ifomula = vot + e- ^ 2/2. Kuyo, singamane shintsha idatha ekhona. Lokhu ukushesha kanye nesikhathi. Qaphela ukuthi vot eside iya zero, kusukela velocity sokuqala zero. Ngakho, sithola impendulo kwamanani 75 amamitha. Lokho bonke, inkinga isixazululekile.

Imiphumela

Ngakho-ke, siyaqonda nezimiso eziyisisekelo nezincazelo, wanikeza isibonelo ifomula bexoxa umlando yalesi sigatshana. Kinematics, umqondo okuyinto ifakwe grade yesikhombisa ku-physics izifundo, njalo ngcono ngaphakathi relativistic (non-classical) sigaba.