Isakhiwo amagciwane nenhlangano yabo

Isakhiwo igciwane is a non-amaselula, njengoba Awunawo organelles. Kafushane, kuba esiteji zesikhashana phakathi libe into efile futhi ophilayo. Amagciwane Kwatholakala Russian sezinto eziphilayo DI Ivanovo e 1892 e-wekubuketa isifo ugwayi KaMose. Zonke isakhiwo amagciwane - RNA noma DNA ebiyelwe igobolondo iprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-capsid. virion Ngokuthi kwakheka izinhlayiya ezithathelwanayo.

Umkhuhlane amagciwane noma herpes babe imvilophu ezengeziwe Esilula, okuyinto kuphakama kusukela ulwelwesi cytoplasmic yempi amaseli. Amagciwane atholakala selihlukene laba-DNA esiqukethe noma i-RNA-equkethe, ngoba ungaba uhlobo olulodwa kuphela nucleic acid. Nokho, amaningi amagciwane - kuyinto RNA-aqukethe. genomes zabo ziyisiliva owodwa ezaziseshweni kabili balahleke. I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi amagciwane ezibavumelayo ukuba ngandise kuphela amaseli nezinye izinto eziphilayo, futhi akukho okunye. Abazange babonise noma yimuphi umsebenzi extracellular. Osayizi esakazwa amagciwane - kusuka 20 kuya 300 nm ububanzi.

Isakhiwo amagciwane bacteriophages

Amagciwane ezithelela amagciwane ngaphakathi, ngokuthi bacteriophages (phages). Bayakwazi zingene cell webhaktheriya ulichithe.

Kutholakale isidumbu bacteriophage ka E. coli has a ikhanda kuyiphi induku eziyize, zihambisana ikhava contractile amaprotheni. Ekupheleni kwalesi nenduku ingeyomhlane ipuleti basal lapho 6 Imicu kuvikelwe. Ngaphakathi khanda kunesikhungo molecule ye-DNA. Esebenzisa izinqubo ezikhethekile igciwane bacteriophage unamathele umzimba coli igciwane Escherichia. Ukusebenzisa enzyme okhethekile, phage ancibilikisa cell udonga futhi lingena ngaphakathi. Ngokulandelayo, induku isiteshi ngokunciphisa ikhanda jetted molecule ye-DNA, futhi ingakapheli imizuzu engu-15 bacteriophage ngokuphelele lishiywe ukuma umzimba isikhathi eside kakhulu-bacterium amaseli ayefisa indlela. Igciwane ayisaxhunyanisiwe synthesize DNA yayo - manje synthesizes a nucleic acid igciwane. Konke lokhu sekuqediwe iqiniso lokuthi kukhona abantu abathile 200-1000 phages namagciwane cell libhujiswa. Zonke bacteriophages zihlukaniswe ekuphikisweni ngokunamandla futhi athokomele. Lesi sakamuva bangenzi ukufanisana kumaseli amagciwane athile kanye ekuphikisweni ngokunamandla ifomu isizukulwane abantu endaweni asebengenwe igciwane.

izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Isakhiwo igciwane kanye nezimpilo kubangelwa yokuthi bangakwazi khona kuphela amaseli ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ukuthola kunoma iyiphi iseli, igciwane kungabangela ukugula okungathí sina. Avame ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa izitshalo yezolimo kanye nezilwane. Lezi zifo kakhulu ona ukuvundisa izitshalo futhi imbangela yokufa eziningi zezilwane.

Kukhona amagciwane ukuthi kungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene abantu. Wonke umuntu ejwayelene izifo ezifana ingxibongo, i-herpes, Umkhuhlane, uvendle nesifo mumps, isimungumungwana, i-jaundice kanye ne-AIDS. Bonke bavele amagciwane. Isakhiwo igciwane ingxibongo akuyona sihluke kakhulu isakhiwo igciwane herpes, njengoba basonta iqembu elifanayo - I-Herpes Virus, okubandakanya ngisho ezinye izinhlobo amagciwane. Esikhathini sethu, ngenkuthalo ekusakazeni igciwane i-human immunodeficiency (HIV). Indlela yokunqoba ke, ngenkathi akekho owaziyo.