Isakhiwo amaplanethi: eMhlabeni core, isiphuku, uqweqwe

Ukwakheka izingqimba ezijulile Zomhlaba uyaqhubeka ukuba omunye imibuzo ethakazelisayo kakhulu yesayensi yanamuhla, kodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-lamashumi amabili seismologist ekhulwini Beno Gutenberg futhi H. Jefferson uye wazakhela model of the Sakhiwo sangekhatsi planethi, owawuthi Umhlaba yakhiwa izingqimba alandelayo:

- nengaphakathi;
- ingubo;
- koqweqwe.

Izinto zesimanje umbono we Sakhiwo sangekhatsi iplanethi

Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule ngesisekelo salokhu kwamuva ngesikhathi idatha zokuzamazama komhlaba, ososayensi baye bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi emgodleni impande unedivaysi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba wathola ukuthi umnyombo Umhlaba uhlukaniswe bangaphakathi nabangaphandle, futhi isiphuku yakhiwa izingqimba ezimbili: phezulu futhi phansi.

igobolondo eMhlabeni yangaphandle

uqweqwe eMhlabeni - akuyona nje phezulu, obucayi kakhulu, kodwa futhi kakhulu kahle wafunda kuzo zonke zamatshe komhlaba. Uhlonze lwalo (amandla) ifinyelela isiqongo ngaphansi ezintabeni (angaba ngu-70 km) kanye ubuncane - ngaphansi izwe ocean amanzi (5-10 km), amandla isilinganiso ungqimba lomhlaba ngaphansi emathafeni zokhahlamba kusuka km 35 kuya 40. Inguquko kusuka ungqimba lomhlaba ukuba isiphuku libizwa umngcele Mohorovicha noma Moho.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le uqweqwe kanye engxenyeni engenhla isiphuku yakha itshe emhlabeni emgodleni - lithosphere kabani ukujiya amabanga kusuka km 50 200.

Ukulandela lithosphere kuyinto astenosphere - sashintsha ketshezi ungqimba nge viscosity okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngxenye oluthile komhlaba ibizwa ngokuthi umthombo mlilo, ngoba emaphaketheni magma bathele kuqweqwe phezu.

Isayensi kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana ungqimba lomhlaba

Ezwekazini noma ezwekazini ubabonisa ngaphakathi kwemingcele emashalofini yezwekazi futhi siqukethe le-basalt, egwadle geysovogo futhi izingqimba sedimentary. -Daylight egwadle geysovogo ungqimba basalt ngokuthi umngcele angayizali uConrad.

Ocean futhi siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: i-basalt esindayo, ukwakheka basaltic udaka, emafektri aminyene futhi ungqimba unconsolidated amatshe sedimentary.

Submaterikovaya amagxolo - uhlobo zesikhashana, esisogwini azungeze we yangaphakathi kanye nezilwandle abekelwe emaceleni, kanye ngaphansi esiqhingini lwesikhathi.

uqweqwe Sub-wasolwandle akufane isakhiwo olwandle, is ikakhulukazi lakhiwa endaweni ngokujulile zolwandle imisele ejulile wasolwandle kahle.

Median Geosphere

Isiphuku imayelana 83% wawuqeda wonke lo mqulu le planethi, kungcono geosphere, nxazonke ezungeze core kwangaphakathi. Ngesikhathi sayo, ihlukaniswe izingqimba ezimbili: okuqinile (crystalline) nobumnene (the magma).

ungqimba Deep Zomhlaba iplanethi

core eMhlabeni iyona eyaziwa kakhulu kabi ungqimba Zomhlaba. ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana kuye lincane kakhulu, siqiniseka ngokugcwele singasho ukuthi ubukhulu bayo imayelana 7000 amakhilomitha. Kukholakala ukuthi indlela yokwakheka core yomhlaba ihlanganisa ingxubevange nickel nensimbi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le core yangaphandle has a iplanethi enkulu ukujiya futhi agcinwe kule ketshezi isimo aggregate, kuyilapho yangaphakathi - esingemnandi ukujiya kanye firmer ukungaguquguquki. Kusukela core isiphuku eMhlabeni ehlukanisa okuthiwa umngcele Gutenberg.