Isakhiwo endlebeni yomuntu

Indlebe - lena umzimba kubaluleke kakhulu, okuyinto kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni zonke zezilwane nabantu. Isakhiwo indlebe kuhlobene eduze umsebenzi wakhe. Lena akuyona kuphela izinsizakuzwa, kodwa futhi ibhalansi umzimba, esiza uzulazule emkhathini. Kubantu, ukusebenza evamile uhlaka ukuzwa futhi iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni yokukhuluma.

Evolution kanye nesakhiwo uhlaka enizwa izilwane. Ngaphambi kokucabangela izici isakhi indlebe yomuntu, kunengqondo ukujwayelana izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba ezilwaneni. Ukuzwa usizo senzelwe bezibona amaza omsindo, okuyinto ebalulekile ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu, futhi ukusinda.

Ngo eyisinambuzane izitho kokuzwa amelwa sensilla ezikhethekile, okuyinto zitholakala kwi bristles, izimpondo noma emzimbeni.

Indlebe isakhiwo izinhlanzi namanje ulula, njengoba uhlaka ukuzwa kuphela engxenyeni engaphakathi. Kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi yemiselekazi ezintathu ongaphambili omise, ngasinye sazo achithayo ngonyaka square Okusizayo perpendicular. Ngo emakamelweni ekhethekile aqukethe otolith okuyinto ziqale oscillate lapho edlulisa igagasi umsindo. Kuyinto lokhu oscillation yakha ishayela okuyinto ngocansi kanye emsipheni endaweni ethile zobuchopho lapho ulwazi futhi lusetshenziswe.

Abamele izilwane zasemhlabeni kukhona umnyango maphakathi nendlebe, okuyinto imbozwe eardrum. Kukhona omunye indlebe ithambo - stapes. Zengaphakathi lendlebe uyashiywa phakathi iwindi okweqanda. I ingaphakathi indlebe ixhunywe oropharynx - kuyasiza nokulinganisa ingcindezi.

Yiqiniso, isakhiwo endlebeni ezincelisayo ubhekwa siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke. Abameleli lesi sigaba, njengoba umthetho, kuye kwamiswa wonke izigaba zezizwe ezintathu isitho sokuzwa, kukhona pinna, ossicles sokuzwa, apharathasi otolith futhi bakheké ngokuphelele uhlelo vestibular.

Isakhiwo endlebeni yomuntu. Endlebeni yomuntu inezingxenye ezintathu - elingaphandle, maphakathi kanye kwangaphakathi.

Indlebe yangaphandle emelelwa pinna nangaphandle meatus sokuzwa. Pinna - ezinkulu, uqwanga nokunwebeka embozwe isikhumba. Sici Its main - ke uthwebule imisindo. I auricle ingena komsele indlebe lapho ngaphakathi vystelen isikhumba. It ugcina zifa ku eardrum.

Maphakathi nendlebe iqala nge-walimala indlebe, okuyinto okuhambisa kunyakaza umsindo kuya ossicles sokuzwa - malleus, incus futhi stapes (ngenhlanhla lena amathambo kulencane zomzimba womuntu). Igagasi umsindo isidlidliza amathambo, okuyinto idluliselwa ngefasitela okusaqanda phakathi komgodi we zengaphakathi lendlebe. I ingaphakathi tympanic ixhunyiwe nasopharynx nge tube Eustachian - kanjalo equalized ingcindezi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho ambient ingcindezi izindlebe umsindo noma olujulile kakhulu aphakeme "laying". Kulokhu, ukuzamula ibuyisele icele - vula umlomo kunciphisa amathuba umonakalo eardrum.

Isakhiwo endlebeni engaphakathi, mhlawumbe okunzima kakhulu. It siqukethe le uxhaxha bony, lapho embundwini isehlane, umnenke nemisele ezintathu ongaphambili omise. Umnenke - lena ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu uhlaka abezwayo, singummemezeli ubona ngakho indlela amaza omsindo iguqula kubo nezinzwa amaza.

Ngaphakathi cochlea uxhaxha membranous ligcwele uketshezi ekhethekile. Phezu kwezingange zawo elitholakala receptor ethize, okuyinto amelwa zengaphakathi. Ingqamuzama ngayinye ithola oscillation lymph ngaphakathi Maze sikuphendule kube isignali kagesi okuyinto okwengeziwe adluliselwa emsipheni sokuzwa ezikhungweni ingqondo.

Three emiseleni ongaphambili omise of endlebeni kukhona analyzer vestibular, okuyinto unomthwalo orientation emkhathini, ezinyakazayo bezibona isikhundla umzimba.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi isakhiwo indlebe yomuntu kubenzima, ngoba lokhu umzimba unesibopho imisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni womuntu. Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi izingane kwezinso azalwa naso we nokuzwa aid kungenzeka ukuxhumana evamile, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lonke uhlelo inkulumo (ulimi, pharynx, yezwi) tisebenta kahle.