Isakhiwo wamaphaphu womuntu

emaphashini Human ungomunye izitho ezibaluleke kakhulu ezidingekayo ukuze sithole ukuthi le ndawo yayikhona. Ukuphefumula kubonakala yemvelo ngakho, kodwa empeleni ngesikhathi ke emzimbeni wethu kukhona izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpilo zethu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ke, kumelwe wazi isakhiwo kwamaphaphu.

Phakathi uphefumula umoya sidlula bronchi ezimbili, okuyinto akheke ezahlukene. Kwesobunxele isikhathi eside kunaleso ilungelo, kodwa ukuze ngokuvamile nomzimba angaphandle ongena umgudu wokuphefumula ngokusebenzisa bronchus kwesokudla. Lemigwamanda babe ramifications. Lapho engena wamaphaphu sokunene branched zibe ezintathu, washiywa 2 Ingxenye, okuhambelana inani wamaphaphu iyizingxenye.

Isakhiwo emaphashini kuyinto kubenzima, ngoba ngaphakathi kubo egatsheni bronchi nimkhiphele eziningi ezincane segmental bronchi. Nabo baphinde badlule phakathi bronchi lobular kufakwe lobules kwamaphaphu. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi isakhiwo emaphashini, bengazi ukuthi bronchi kakhulu lobular okukukho (zikhona mayelana 1000). Vnutridolevye bronchi ngu-amagatsha 18 (bronchioles esibulalayo) ukuthi akudingeki e ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo uqwanga. Lezi bronchioles esibulalayo yakha ingxenye isakhi ukukhanya - acinus.

Isakhiwo emaphashini kulula ukufunda, lapho eqonda ukuthi kuyinto acinus. Le yunithi kwesakhiwo kuyinto sebuningini alveoli (derivatives bronchioles zokuphefumula). izindonga zabo ziyisiliva negesi lokushintshisana impahla substrate, futhi endaweni phakathi inhalation umnyuziki bengase bazikhandlele 100 sq.m. I elula ngobukhulu ezindaweni zawo zokuphefumula kwenzeka lapho uvivinya umzimba.

ingxenye Bronchopulmonary iyona ingxenye Lobe wamaphaphu, okuyinto umoya bronchi 3 oda ekhelini Lobe bronchus. Inkonde ngayinye ifakwe umshini ahlukene broncho-semithambo pedicle (Umthambo futhi bronchus). isakhiwo Segmental yamaphaphu eziye zembulwa ngokuhamba ezingeni yentuthuko imithi kanye nokuhlinzwa. Ilungelo wamaphaphu 10 izingxenye, futhi kwesokunxele - 8. Ngenxa yokuthi kwatholakala ekwehlukanisweni kwetindzima yamaphaphu izingxenye bronchopulmonary, sekungenzeka ukususa izingxenye abathintekayo zomzimba ne ukulondolozwa esiphezulu yezingxenye zayo enempilo.

Kulesi umzimba ukuhlukanisa phakathi evele ezilandelayo: mediastinal, diafragmentalnuyu, ubambo. Esikhathini mediastinum kukhona okuthiwa "amasango". Ngabo, emaphashini kukhona bronchi, imithambo, nezinzwa, futhi ushiye lymph kanye emithanjeni yamaphaphu. Zonke lezi netakhi okuthiwa "empandeni wamaphaphu."

Amaphaphu abahlukene anemifantu ka ekujuleni ezahlukene futhi ubude. Bahlanganyela izicubu emaphashini ngokwabo esangweni. Kukhona 3 Lobe yamaphaphu ngakwesokudla (phansi, phezulu, phakathi) no 2 ngakwesokunxele (aphansi, elingenhla). iyizingxenye Lower kukhona ngobukhulu.

Isakhiwo ukukhanya kuyobe akuphelele nokungahlanganisiwe pleura visceral ezimboze ngamunye esifundeni wamaphaphu ifomu impande "parietal Ipheshana" abami ezindongeni ingaphakathi thoracic. Kutholwe therebetween ingaphakathi inqunywe-like, ingxenye okuthiwa sinuses (etholakala phakathi parietal ungqimba). I enkulu itheku pleural kubhekwe costophrenic (ke onqenqemeni lula uwela ngesikhathi ugqozi).

Isakhiwo kalula alichaza izinqubo ezenzeka kuyo ngesikhathi ukuphefumula. Kulesi umzimba 2 ukuhlukanisa isimiso semithambo yegazi: indilinga lencane (ehlanganisa emithanjeni yegazi, ehilelekile negesi lokushintshisana), esikhulu kwegazi (ehlanganisa imithambo bronchial kanye emithanjeni, ekuletheni igazi lwemithambo umzimba futhi ukuphila ukwesekwa emaphashini ngokwabo). Ngu uhlobo ekhelini yabo emithanjeni yamaphaphu afana Umthambo, kodwa kuhluke kokuhlukana yabo. Ziyakwazi umthombo capillary inethiwekhi lobules, ezicutshini interlobular, amashubhu bronchial kanye pleura visceral. Ngoba capillary amanethiwekhi kwakhiwa emithanjeni interlobular ukuhlanganisa ndawonye. Nakakhuluma ngalabo kwakhiwa emithanjeni emikhulu edlulisela eduze bronchi. Ukulingana kanye emithanjeni segmental ngamunye ukukhanya emithanjeni ezimbili akhiwa: the engenhla nengezansi (osayizi zabo zihlukene kakhulu). Bayakhothama, wagudluka nabo; ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele.

Isibalo imithambo imithambo emaphashini impermanent. It zokhahlamba kusuka 2 kuya 6. Ngo-50% amacala abantu 4 imithambo bronchial kuyoshaya nombala kuya kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla bronchus main. Ababona kuphela imithambo ze- bronchi, njengombana sinikelwa legatsha kwezitho ezahlukene mediastinum. Qala imithambo efanele etholakala izicubu we emphinjeni kanye uqhoqhoqho noma ngaphansi ngaphambili (phakathi-lymph). Umthambo Kwesobunxele etholakala izicubu ngezansi kuqhoqhoqho kanye ngaphansi lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta. Ngaphakathi Umthambo wamaphaphu ku izicubu eduze bronchi kanye, eyayizalwa, ukudlala indima oqondile e igazi eligciniwe ukuze lonke izingxenye zayo pleura. Esikhathini bronchioles zokuphefumula, balahlekelwa yokuzizwa ingelutho futhi balidlulisele ohlelweni lwama-capillary.

Zonke yegazi emaphashini ezihlobene nomunye. Ngaphezu jikelele capillary zenethiwekhi kanye ukuhlukanisa vneorgannye intraorgan anastomoses, interconnecting ukuzungeza ezimbili.

Uhlelo lymph siqukethe eyinhloko capillary amanethiwekhi plexus kwemigudu ye-lymph ngaphakathi sitho, izitsha efferent, intrapulmonary futhi extrapulmonary zamanzi. Hlukanisa lymphatics olukha phezulu futhi ngokujulile.

Umthombo innervation kwamaphaphu - emsipheni plexus futhi iziqu mediastinal ezakhiwe amagatsha onozwela vagus, umgogodla nezinzwa phrenic.