Isakhiwo yokwakheka inhliziyo yomuntu

Inhliziyo - isitho main sokuhamba kwegazi. I yokwakheka isakhiwo inhliziyo yomuntu yokuthi ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuqaliswa ukusebenza komzimba emaphakathi kohlelo wegazi supply wonke umzimba.

Lesi sitho Itholakala ingaphakathi esifubeni: esifubeni kule mediastinum anterior ngenhla diaphragm. 70% itholakala inhliziyo ngaphakathi komgodi thoracic ngakwesokunxele, 30% - kuya kwesokudla sternum. Cabanga isakhiwo kwenhliziyo yomuntu, njengoba izindonga zayo. udonga senhliziyo has a isakhiwo emithathu ungqimba: isendlalelo kwangaphakathi - endocardium uphahlwe amaseli endothelial; naphakathi - umsipha noma myocardium, ehlanganisa cardiomyocyte; yangaphandle - epicardium futhi pericardium ezakhiwe ulwelwesi ezondile ezicutshini, ebusweni engaphakathi embozwe mesothelium. Zonke ingaphakathi umzimba ngaphakathi endocardium wathumela, futhi yakha ama-valve inhliziyo. Pericardium, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo ihembe, asimboze ngaphandle futhi yakha okuthiwa isikhwama senhliziyo. Inhloso Its main - ekunciphiseni ngomshikisho ngesikhathi umsebenzi inhliziyo futhi awuvikele amathonya zangaphandle. Phakathi amaphepha pericardium unesikhala umqhewu-like egcwele esincane ketshezi.

Inhliziyo lihlukaniswe by ukwahlukanisa halves ezimbili eziyize - kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele. isigamu ngasinye siqukethe le ATRIUM futhi ventricle. Isigamu kwesokudla uhlale egazini emithambo yegazi e kwesokunxele - ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Isakhiwo inhliziyo yomuntu eyikho ukuthi igazi emithambo yegazi neze Ihlangana nge ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Izingxoxo elise phakathi ilungelo valve tricuspid, endaweni uphume i-ventricle yangakwesokudla lemithambo yamaphaphu - valve yamaphaphu. Uhhafu kwesokunxele inhliziyo phakathi ATRIUM futhi ventricle kuyinto bicuspid noma mitral valve, futhi okukhipha yomthambo i-aorta kusuka ngaphakathi komgodi we-ventricle engakwesobunxele - tricuspid yomthambo i-aorta ne-valve amapheshana nge ucezu. I ukushuba kwesokunxele ventricular odongeni inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela ilungelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ventricle engakwesobunxele ihlala isebenzela okukhulu kunakuqala, ukukhulula igazi ku le-aorta, elibuye uya ngomzimba, futhi ilungelo - kuphela izitsha wamaphaphu.

Esikhathini ATRIUM kwesokudla igazi kukhona emithanjeni ezimbili ezinkulu, ababiziweyo nomgodi yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Bona ukuqoqa igazi emithambo yegazi kuzo zonke izitho. I-ATRIUM kwesokunxele engena igazi emithanjeni emine esuka emaphashini, okuyinto, ngemuva lokuhlushwa i-oksijini emaphashini iba ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Umthambo yamaphaphu, isiqu yamaphaphu ubizwa nangokuthi, lapho igazi emithambo yegazi liya emaphashini, iphume i-ventricle yangakwesokudla. I Umthambo elikhulu le-aorta lokuveza igazi lwemithambo ka wonke umzimba, iphume i-ventricle engakwesobunxele. Ngokwalokhu okungenhla kungenziwa baphetha ngokuthi isakhiwo kwenhliziyo yomuntu akuhlukile nezinye izinhliziyo mammalian.

Nayo kanye inhliziyo uthola igazi imithambo emibili yenhliziyo. Yangakwesokunxele ukuxhumelela imithambo yenhliziyo evela kwesokunxele itheku yomthambo i-aorta noma itheku kwesokunxele Valsalva, elise 1 cm ngenhla ukufakwa valve semilunar. Uyahlukana phakathi anterior kwesokunxele ukwehla legatsha futhi imvilophi lokuveza igazi ukuba ingxenye anterolateral futhi kwesokunxele ventricular posterior odongeni, kanye ingxenye septum interventricular, ichopho inhliziyo kanye ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele. Kusukela kwesokudla itheku yomthambo i-aorta noma itheku kwesokudla Valsalva iqala kwesokudla ukuxhumelela imithambo yenhliziyo. Lokhu isitsha eletha igazi ukuze myocardium we ATRIUM kwesokudla futhi i-ventricle yangakwesokudla, ingxenye encane septum interventricular.

Inhliziyo yomuntu, isakhiwo esesiye sacabangela, wenza imisebenzi automatism, conduction, excitability futhi contractility. Umsebenzi walo mzimba eholwa izikhungo inhliziyo e le oblongata medulla futhi ibhuloho. Ezisithintayo ukushaya kwenhliziyo, atrioventricular conduction velocity, amandla ka Kufinyeta inhliziyo.

I physiology inhliziyo yomuntu eyikho ukuthi imisebenzi yalo ebalulekile iwukuba njalo kushintshana ukusikwa futhi aziphumulele, okungukuthi, systole futhi diastole, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwegazi, kanye nalo ukulokhu umoya-mpilo kanye nokudla bonke emangqamuzaneni omzimba.