Igazi emzimbeni womuntu wenza imisebenzi eminingi, isivikela, athwala izakhi nomoya-mpilo ezicutshini, iziphathele-carbon dioxide. Ngokuthi igazi lwemithambo equkethe oksijini, libuye likhiphe igama ngaphansi anomoya-mpilo. Ukubusa ukuze igesi umzimba kudingekile kuziwa erythrocyte, aqukethe e-molecule ethile amaprotheni, i-heme, okubandakanya yensimbi. Anatomy is neshaya ukuthi lwemithambo yegazi flow imithambo, bese, enika oksijini, kuba emithambo yegazi, futhi ageleza ngemithambo.
Imithambo futhi Imisebenzi yabo
Imithambo abizwa ngokuthi izitsha lapho lwemithambo ukugeleza kwegazi. Zingamashumi yakhe ngokusuka enhliziyweni kuphela. Elikhulu kunawo wonke umzimba womuntu isitsha, lapho igazi fudlana ocebile oksijini, iyona aorta kwabantu omdala onempilo enhle, ubukhulu bayo kuyinto 2.5 amasentimitha. Arteriole ongafinyelela milimitha 0.1 kuphela. Ngqo eduze igatsha le-aorta wenhliziyo amumethe imicu enwebekayo yezicubu, bona ukuthambisa wave ishayela onikeza inhliziyo futhi lwemithambo yegazi bese ugelezela ngokulinganayo ngokusebenzisa izitsha. Ngale ndlela, umoya-mpilo kancane kancane siguqulelwa Indwangu. Okulandelayo, izindonga isitsha akuzona njengoba zazivuma futhi zithole kwabantu okukhulu, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokubakhona kwemisipha zesivikelo sesifuba. Umthambo exhumene nezinye imithambo, ibizwa ngokuthi collaterals, ngenxa odla sazo igazi isitsha ungaya komunye. Ngasinye somzimba womuntu njalo elinde oksijini, okuyinto edingekayo ukuze ezinqutsheni amandla umzimba. Umsebenzi oyinhloko imithambo kuyinto ukulethwa igazi kubo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngo erythrocyte-mpilo kakhulu, ngakho umbala lwemithambo yegazi - abomvu, kuyilapho izitsha ukusikeka it has a emthonjeni, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngenxa ingcindezi okukhona kuzo.
Cishe ongabonakali, kodwa kubalulekile
Zonke ukudluliswa mthetho-mpilo angena izigaxa wenziwa capillary kuyinto izitsha ayetholakala lapho umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide exchange. Uma umzimba kulungile, ama-capillary ingabonakali, futhi zokugula ingavela reticulum capillary. Capillary ubude ezingadluli milimitha, futhi imvume yayo kangangokuthi wonke inika umuntu erythrocyte kuphela. Emzimbeni lenqwaba izitsha ezinjalo, bebizwa inethiwekhi capillary.
Kwenzekani oksijini izicubu?
Emzimbeni, i-oksijini kuhileleke ngokuyinhloko mitochondrial namachibi izinqubo. Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ushintsho izinto eziningi eziphilayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amandla ikhiqizwa ebizwe ATP (triphosphate adenosine), yalolu ketshezi kuyinto jikelele yedwa umthombo wamandla. Carbon dioxide, kwakhiwa okuyinto ngesikhathi umzimba emisipheni, eba igazi, okwenza kube emithambo yegazi. Lokhu igazi ageleza ngemithambo, nokuthola emaphashini, carbon dioxide esuswa umzimba ukuze imvelo.
Arterial futhi emithambo yegazi
Nakanjani ngeke sithi ukuthi imithambo ye lwemithambo ukugeleza kwegazi, futhi imithambo - emithambo yegazi. Ngempela imithambo athwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni, ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Kodwa lena kuphela maqondana esikhulu umbuthano kwegazi, kodwa encane amaqiniso abonisa okuphambene. Ngemithambo yamaphaphu ageleza igazi ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Kungani e ngemithambo? It silula, ngoba emithanjeni - izinto athwala igazi liye enhliziyweni, kodwa imithambo - ezivela kuye. Imithambo we yamaphaphu emithambo yegazi ukugeleza kwegazi.
igesi ukwakheka
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kalula imisebenzi yabo, futhi, umoyampilo equkethe lwemithambo yegazi igesi Ukwakheka ukuzimisela wenziwa. Inkomba ye-acid-base ibhalansi ngeke likwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe ukuthi kuzoveza izimfihlo nokusebenza kwezinso noma khona emzimbeni ukutheleleka. Ukuhlaziya igesi Ukwakheka ivumela ngokwanele nangempumelelo pick up-mpilo noma umoya-mpilo yokwelapha.
Ngaphambi ukuhlaziywa,
Ngaphambi ukucacisa igesi yokwakheka igazi yomuntu, kubalulekile ukuhlola Allen. He lamula you nga baqonde lokho isimo sokusebenza okwamanje sokuhamba kwegazi. Ingqikithi silula futhi liqukethe yokuthi isivivinyo kuyadingeka ukuze ubambe ulnar noma Umthambo osabalalayo, ise esihlakaleni. Kwenze nje ngesandla, noma kunalokho isandla sakhe, akusho iyaphaphatheka. Okulandelayo kufanele ake izitsha, ukugeleza kwegazi kubuyiselwa, futhi entendeni kufanele kube pink noma zibomvu ngoba akukho kuka imizuzwana emihlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho kungenzeka ukunquma Ukwakheka igesi, igazi kule ethathwa emthanjeni. Izinga lomoya-mpilo saturation-hemoglobin incike lokushisa komzimba, i-asidi base ibhalansi, ingcindezi ngokwengxenye-carbon dioxide. Uma ingcindezi ngokwengxenye lehla ngezansi 60 mm HG, kungenzeka ukuba yahlulele ukwehla-mpilo saturation erythrocyte. Ngemva kwalokho kufanele wenze stop ukopha salokhu uvolo uvalwe agxishiwe noma ngebhandeshi, okuyinto kususwe kuka imizuzu 30-60.