Isayensi eyisisekelo - Iyini? ucwaningo osetshenziswayo kwezesayensi

Esiyinhloko ucwaningo osetshenziswayo kwezesayensi minyaka buya ngokuya ezibalulekile. Kule ndaba, efanele kuyinto umbuzo esinquma indawo yocwaningo isicelo nesayensi eziyisisekelo.

Indima ucwaningo eziyisisekelo futhi isicelo isayensi kusobala hhayi kuphela ngemcondvo kodwa futhi imigomo nesimo sakhe sezomnotho.

amakhasi omlando

Njengoba inguquko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe okwenzeka ukwanda inani Ubunjiniyela Applied Research. Kodwa njengoba isayensi eyisisekelo - kuba inhlanganisela eyala eziningana, ngaphandle ucwaningo abalulekile futhi ehlelekile is kunzima ukuxoxa ayisisekelo uhlelo ucwaningo ngokuhlola.

Kuphela uma ilungelo ibhalansi ukuthuthukiswa futhi inkulumo isicelo on ukuthuthukisa lesi siqondiso kungaholela emikhakheni yesayensi osetshenziswayo. Academy of Basic Sciences uhlela ucwaningo, lusetjentiswa unesibopho ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa evamile bemikhakha yonke isicelo.

izinkinga

Njengoba isayensi siyinhloko - iqoqo izinhlobo ezahlukene ucwaningo, zikhona izinkinga ezihlobene ukukhethwa ucwaningo indlela. Ngokwesibonelo, kunzima ukuhlukanisa ayisisekelo, search isiqondiso, ezingalotshwanga ezihlobene umkhuba wamanje, kodwa bayakwazi kahle ukuthonya kabusha emkhakheni ukukhiqizwa zobuchwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-physics - eyisisekelo isayensi, ngesisekelo okuyinto ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi anokuthuthuka kanye ukukhiqizwa.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ezinomthelela ucwaningo

Iyini indima osetshenziswayo futhi eziyisisekelo izifundo zesayensi emphakathini wanamuhla? Lo magazini wenziwa ufundwa zezenhlalo isikhathi isikhathi eside. Kwakunokwenzeka ukusungula ubudlelwano phakathi iziqondiso abakhethiwe ucwaningo kanye nezici kwezomnotho, ezenhlalo nezamasiko zangaphandle.

Ngisho esimweni onekhono amasu umholi walolu hlelo, ukuhlela egcwele, ukubikezela izifundo ngokuvamile babonakala izinkinga eziningi letivimbela Imiphumela ukuthola. Njengoba isayensi siyinhloko - it is a ehlelekile indlela nokufeza injongo ezihlukahlukene ucwaningo nocwaningo, noma ikuphi ukuzindela ngokuvamile kuholela isidingo uchungechunge ucwaningo okuphindaphindiwe.

Lapho ukushukuma unilateral isicelo amagatsha yesayensi noma ngokuziphatha izifundo theory kuphela kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi umphumela omuhle, ukudalwa izinto neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isayensi. Kulokhu, indima yesayensi eziyisisekelo kuyoba esincane ukuze umphakathi nomphakathi, kungekho inqubekela phambili nombuzo.

Okwamanje, isayensi yasekhaya lokubalulekile isicelo, Amathrendi omuhle sokuguqulwa nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokufunda. Kusukela uhulumeni kuthatha izinyathelo eziqondile kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa ukubaluleka ucwaningo isicelo.

Umehluko phakathi ucwaningo osetshenziswayo ayingqalasizinda

isayensi lasisekelo - lawa izifundo ukuthi ukugxila ukuhlaziywa imihlola entsha, izinqubo, imiphumela, ekutholakaleni imithetho ukuthi ukuchaza izinqubo ukuphatha kwabo.

Lapho isicelo ucwaningo isicelo ucwaningo eziyisisekelo ngentshisekelo umphakathi nomphakathi. abameleli esikoleni eliyisisekelo ngokuvamile abacabangi ngalokho kuzoletha inzuzo evulekile umkhuba imithetho kanye nezimo. Ngokwesibonelo, chemistry - eliyisisekelo isayensi yemvelo, okuyinto ephawula nokuxhumana amakhemikhali ihlaziya izindlela percolation kugucuka.

Ukuze usebenzise lolu lwazi kule isayensi ziningi izindawo kwesicelo. Is they banesibopho ukusebenza nokusebenzisa evulekile imithetho eyisisekelo nemithetho, izimiso, kanye nemiphumela prochityvanie ukuthi inzuzo kwezomnotho, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba kungenzeka.

Ubudlelwano zocwaningo eziyisisekelo futhi isetshenziswa

Phakathi nesikhathi eside, ucwaningo lokubalulekile isicelo kuqhathaniswa omunye komunye, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kwakukhona gap omkhulu phakathi kwesayensi umkhuba, kwaba nethonya elibi phezu ezithuthukisa umnotho wezwe. Pragmatic futhi utilitarian Indlela nocwaningo, okusikisela okugxile imiphumela esheshayo ezingokoqobo, kanye ukhetho ezihilela ukukhiqizwa ulwazi oluhlanzekile asihlobene futhi akwamukeleki okwesikhathi khona ngokugcwele kanye nokuthuthukisa isayensi.

I okahle isimo lapho ulwazi eyisisekelo kulekelelwa futhi kusekelwa ucwaningo osetshenziswayo kanye nokucwaninga.

Imithetho eyisisekelo emhlabeni umgomo asisekelo ukusetshenziswa practice, zingabantu ngesisekelo sokufeza inqubekela-phambili yesayensi lwezobuchwepheshe. Izifundo ezihlukahlukene izindawo isicelo ukuvumela ukubeka phambili ezindabeni eziyisisekelo, wenze ezibaluleke eliyisisekelo ngokucwaninga. Lungile ukukhuluma ngesimo eyisisekelo isicelo futhi ngaphakathi isiyalo efanayo.

Kungani biology - isayensi eyisisekelo? Lo magazini kubaluleke ngokukhethekile uma sicabangela Amathrendi ihlaziye kule isayensi. Ukuba umqondo netimphawu ukusebenza eziphilayo, kungenzeka ukuthi iyini ngempela inkinga, funa izindlela ongakusebenzisa ngazo ukuze akuqede. Ngenxa ukuba khona biology ayisisekelo, eba yezemithi chemical umkhakha, ukusebenza ezintsha kwezokwelapha.

Kuye imininingwane isayensi, phakathi imiphumela yayo theory ne practical babe nobuhlobo ezahlukene indlela yokuphila, ukukhiqizwa langempela. Division olwenziwa ucwaningo ku lokubalulekile isicelo kwabangelwa ukwanda izinga imisebenzi yesayensi, futhi ukwanda kokusetshenziswa umkhuba ngemiphumela yako.

Ukubaluleka ucwaningo

Isayensi njengoba ifomu ezithile somphakathi futhi ngiqaphele livela bakha njengoba uhlobo ulwazi imithetho emhlabeni engokwemvelo, ikhuthaza okunenjongo inkositini kubo, kwakuwukuthi zemvelo ukuze kuzuze isintu. Yiqiniso, ngisho nangaphambi kokutholakala imithetho ehlukene, abantu basebenzisa amandla emvelo.

Kodwa ubukhulu Ngalokuhlanganisa tinchubo wawumncane kakhulu, ngokuyinhloko kufanele akhulekelwe kulona observation, nje okungaqondile, ukudluliswa zokupheka kanye namasiko ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngemva ukuvela ngesayensi yemvelo (geography, biology, i-chemistry, i-physics) esisebenzayo itjho zinendlela okunengqondo ukuthuthukiswa. Ukuze ukusebenza nokusebenzisa zaqala ukusetshenziswa hhayi imithetho enokwehla futhi umgomo bemvelo.

Ukwahlukana theory kusukela umkhuba

Ngokushesha lapho kuqala isinyathelo nesayensi eziyisisekelo ulwazi, umkhuba futhi imfundiso waqala ukuqinisa nomunye, ukusebenza ndawonye ukubhekana imisebenzi ethize, ukwandisa izinga yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle.

Phakathi kwentuthuko yesayensi livela lunye ongenakuvinjelwa futhi nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi emkhakheni ucwaningo. Ngisho emkhakheni theory ahlukaniswa isisekelo eyisisekelo ucwaningo.

ukubaluleka zezimboni

isisekelo kokulinganisa kwamakhemikhali, i-physics, i-biology manje kuhlotshaniswa ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Ngokwesibonelo, izitshalo yesimanje sokuguqulwa Fusion ethulwa nekuhambisana kulesi sikhungo isitshalo. Injongo eyinhloko ye umkhakha isicelo manje kubhekwe a ukuqinisekiswa imicabango ethile nemibono, ukufuna izindlela okunengqondo ekusebenziseni imiphumela ukukhiqizwa ngokukhethekile.

imisebenzi isikhala

Ngemva ngokuhlukana, umsebenzi osetshenziswayo futhi theory in the natural sciences, izinhlobo ezintsha eyala isicelo: ubunjiniyela physics, isicelo chemistry. Ezinye zezindawo ezithakazelisayo yolwazi lobuchwepheshe kubaluleke ngokukhethekile kurediyo ubunjiniyela, amandla enuzi, isikhala umkhakha.

Abaningi eyisisekelo eyala lobuchwepheshe, isib, ngamandla izinto, isicelo Mechanics, electronics, ubunjiniyela kagesi ngokwayo practice, kodwa ngesisekelo ezisebenza izinqubo zabo yezimboni eyahlukene, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukwakha noma iyiphi igajethi zesimanje ze-elekthroniki.

Okwamanje, akekho ucabangela eyala lobuchwepheshe njengoba izindawo ehlukile, ukubethula wesayensi cishe yonke yemvelo kanye nokukhiqiza izimboni.

izitayela ezintsha

Ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima futhi kunzima lobuchwepheshe ngaphambi izindawo isicelo sabeka imigomo emisha kanye nezinhloso, ukudala i-laboratory ehlukile okuyinto eyenziwa hhayi kuphela eziyisisekelo kodwa uyasetshenziswa ucwaningo.

Ngokwesibonelo, cybernetics, kanye eyala ahlobene neqhaza akhombe izinqubo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo, izinto eziphilayo, ekusizeni ukutadisha izici izinqubo, ukufuna amakhambi ezinkinga siyachazwa.

Lokhu kuqinisekisa ubudlelwano phakathi ucwaningo osetshenziswayo ayingqalasizinda.

isiphetho

ososayensi bezenhlalo Hhayi kuphela imiphumela yocwaningo ukuphakamisa isidingo ukuthola buhlobene eduze isicelo ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi imithetho eyisisekelo. Ososayensi ngokwabo ukuqonda ukubaluleka inkinga, funa izindlela ongakusebenzisa ngazo aphume isimo. Academician P. L. Kapitsa wavuma ngokuphindaphindiwe artificiality sesigaba isayensi isicelo kwi isizinda ingxenye. Selokhu kwathi nhlo wagcizelela nobunzima ekutholeni ukuthi umugqa omncane elalizoba nomngcele ophakathi umkhuba theory.

A. Yu. Ishlinsky wathi ukuthi "isayensi abstract" ungenza umnikelo esiphezulu ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi, ukukhula kwawo kanye kumiswa.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona impendulo, okusikisela ngokoqobo Imiphumela yocwaningo ukuchaza amaqiniso kanye nemithetho yemvelo yesayensi.

Zonke ucwaningo ucwaningo isicelo ukuthi akuzona eliyisisekelo emvelweni, kuhloswe ukuthola yalokho ethize, okungukuthi, eqala ukuqaliswa imiphumela ekukhiqizeni yangempela. Yingakho high yokusesha ukuhlobana ubuhlobo phakathi kwesayensi umkhuba izindawo ngesikhathi umsebenzi izikhungo zocwaningo kanye laboratories ezikhethekile.