AmaCynic - Yini lokhu? umsunguli we School of the AmaCynic

AmaCynic - isikole abadumile ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, iningi okwakukhona kulo abalandeli izimfundiso USocrates. ongqondongqondo School naye wabiza uhlamvu yabo baphikise ngaphezulu morose, imibono eqinile, ukunganeliseki ekhona ngendlela yezenhlalakahle, kwezombusazwe nakwezenkolo zokuphila.

umsunguli we School of the AmaCynic

Babecabanga umholi advocate of imfundiso Antisthenes. Isazi sefilosofi wayeyindodana isakhamuzi wase-Athens inceku kwakunenqaba yabaseThrace. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, Antisthenes kubhekwe ezingafanele lalizobhujiswa ukuphila ukuba isimo amalungu abampofu emphakathini.

Antisthenes kwaba omunye wabafundi athembeke kakhulu senior USocrates. Umxhwele izinkolelo zokuziphatha kanye umeluleki ubuntu, isazi sefilosofi osemusha akazange ashiye uthisha kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Ngemva kokufa uSocrates, Antisthenes, wamisa esikoleni sakhe zefilosofi kwelinye izikole eziphakeme e-Athens okuhlose engumlanjwana.

Antisthenes wazama ukuphila liyalingana izimfundiso zakhe. Isazi sefilosofi kunoma ubani hhayi bayichezukisa, akazange acabange isici ubumpofu futhi wabonisa ngamabomu asenyanya ngayo nemicengezi kwamandla. Indoda ehlakaniphile wachitha izinsuku zakhe ezicatshangwayo, kusale amavolumu eminingi ye-eseyi. Abalandeli bakhe aziwa kakhulu ase-Crathes futhi uDiogenes ayekholelwa ukuthi zonke Greece ngeke uthole zefilosofi abangekho Antisthenes e ukuphikelela, singesabi futhi ikhono siphile ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo zazo.

School njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi AmaCynic, Antisthenes uye waphumelela kuya ekufeni umsunguli wayo. Kamuva, ezingaphezu kuka-70 imisebenzi wayecabangisisa senziwe umtapo odumile wase-Aleksandriya. Uma bekungelona Antisthenes, ngisho iminyaka engu-150 futhi iqhutshelwe phambili imibono yabo AmaCynic. nefilosofi Abagxeki okuyinto usefunde imibono eminingi esikoleni esizulazulayo, kamuva ziyoncibilika ngokuphelele le mfundiso zakhe.

Diogen Sinopsky

Umfundi bhá izimfundiso Antisthenes uDiogenes wakhuluma. Waba abadumile kwasekuqaleni nezimfanelo ezingavamile zomunye eziningi. Ngokusho idatha zomlando, okuyinto behlele izinsuku zethu, isazi sefilosofi bathandile emini ukuba sizulazule idolobha ephethe ilambu elikhanyayo. Okunjalo ngendlela engavamile esikweyoku wazama ukuthola "umuntu omuhle" e emigwaqweni ephithizelayo.

UDiogenes babephila ekuhluphekeni, abagqoké izingubo, alinika izakhamuzi edolobheni, idliwe ukudla ukuthi sondela bo dlela. Ngenxa sazi izindlu, umthombo othile, akhetha crock esikhulu, futhi ngokuvumelana abanye - emgqonyeni lokhuni. Ukuze ngokuziphatha yokuphila obungajwayelekile uDiogenes wethiwa "Inja".

UDiogenes kanye umenywe ikhaya eyimfihlo isakhamuzi ocebile wase-Athene, ethemba ukuthola ingxoxo umxhwele nomfundisi. Nokho, ukubona umhlobiso zasebukhosini amakamelo, zemabula iphansi, nemisebenzi eminingi yobuciko, isazi sefilosofi akazange ukukhuluma indoda banomoya wokungenisa izihambi futhi nje Ngaphenduka ngahamba athule. Kamuva, uDiogenes wachaza isinyathelo sakhe ngenxa yokuthi endlini kwakungeyona indawo engcono lapho ungakwazi amathe, ngaphezu inhlangano aphethe.

Crathes kusukela eThebes

Famous AmaCynic - akuyona kuphela Antisthenes futhi uDiogenes. Omunye umlandeli emangalisayo lesikole zefilosofi kwaba Crathes. Lesi sazi iwela isigaba nezakhamuzi ezicebile. Nokho, umxhwele ukuhlakanipha isikole we AmaCynic, wanquma ukuyeka ukuphila ukunethezeka isimo okusezingeni eliphezulu emphakathini. Crathes yonke impahla washiyela indodana yakhe siqu, ngombandela wokuthi akayikukunaka ufisa ukuba isazi sefilosofi.

Thanda uDiogenes, Crathes ayethanda ukuchitha isikhathi sokuzindla, kutilolonga ukuphila neziwubala. Umfundi okuhamba phambili esikweyoku wema umkakhe Hipparchia, ngubani ebusheni bakhe base sazilahla umndeni wakhe abacebile wajoyina isikole esizulazulayo.

Imfundiso kaZiqu-AmaCynic

AmaCynic - isikole zefilosofi, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo-Athens ekuqa- ubudala 5-6 amalungu engumlanjwana emphakathini, ongqondongqondo abampofu futhi ukuzulazula. Isizathu ukuze kwakhiwe isikole baba wokumelana Ukuwohloka kwezimo zenhlalo abampofu, eqinisa zokucindezela zezombusazwe kanye nokuntengantenga kwezomnotho kuleli zwe. Uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka yezimfundiso enzelwe ukuthi ulondoloza ukuphila neziwubala, efana inja, yashesha abalandeli bayo kulo eGrisi lasendulo.

AmaCynic ayefundisa? Ifilosofi lalesi sikole inikeza umphakathi umbono izwe othize, lapho eqala ayenqaba categorical zabathengi emagugu nesimo sencekukazi, imithetho, izimiso zokuziphatha, amasiko eyayivamile umphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le AmaCynic kwakungafanele zizincishe injabulo. abameleli School wazama ukukuchaza ngokuth asebenzayo, ekugqugquzeleni nemiqondo yokuhle yenkululeko, ukweyiswa eningi ezintweni zokunethezeka. I postulates yezimfundiso abangu okuhloswe ngaso lula ukuphila, ukuzuzwa ngokulingana, ukukhuthazwa ukubukwa exubile.

Ifilosofi amaCynic wathola labo abanamathela phakathi abantu asebephelelwe ithemba lekusasa eliqhakazile, uqaphele nabulungisa kwemithetho, wamdumaza kanjani izithembiso nabezombusazwe. Abalandeli izimfundiso awazange kuphela ukukhuthaza kwezifiso zawo, kodwa futhi luqhutshwa izimiso zabo siqu ngezinqumo azenza ekuphileni. AmaCynic wazama Ubuningi bamahora umphumela ngokwethu izidingo wenqaba ingcebo. esikoleni yokucabanga AmaCynic kubhekwe emihle kakhulu ukungabi traction endaweni ethile lokuhlala, rootlessness iyonke.

izimiso zokuhle AmaCynic

Uma sicabangela lokho izimiso zokuhle ayethanda AmaCynic, wemiqondo eyisisekelo izikole zefilosofi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izimfundiso Antisthenes umsunguli wafundisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba ukuhlukanisa "yethu" kusukela "alien". Ngokwe sage, okuhle kuphela inkululeko yakhe kwangaphakathi kungaba umuntu, hhayi isakhiwo.

The main nezimiso zokuziphatha AmaCynic isimiso wakhuthaza ubuhle, okuyinto ayebhekwa kuphela ezinhle. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umthombo wobubi kwaba okuphambene. Yonke enye into, ngaphezu imiqondo le, kwaba qakala abahlakaniphileyo esikoleni zefilosofi.

Ukubuka kokuphila komphakathi isimo

AmaCynic - kuyizinto ongqondongqondo, owayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu akufanele abe yizigqila esezinzile ubandlululo umphakathi, zama athobele umbono ukhishwa inyumbazane. Crathes futhi uDiogenes waya ngamabomu kuphambene ngokuvamile baphila ngokuvumelana nemithetho, wanyathelwa unjust thetho. Bamafilosofi isitshalo ekhethekile ukufuthelana mpikiswano nasemigwaqweni, okuyinto kwafinyelela izingxabano. Ngakho abalandeli isikole we amaCynic ayefundisa ngokwabo ukuba ningazinaki lezi impi womuntu.

Ngokusho ifilosofi esizulazulayo, amalungu umphakathi ihlukaniswe zobuwula kwabahlakaniphileyo. Eyokuqala - izinceku abangamazi izingqondo zabo futhi ngiqaphele, zibancishe ezinhle, injabulo yeqiniso ekuphileni. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, amadoda ahlakaniphile ukuthi sizilahlile zonke izinto, ongowenkululeko kweqiniso futhi ukuzimela. Abantu abakhaliphile asiphili ngokuvumelana nomthetho lobhalwako kuphela, kodvwa uncika uhlelo lokuziphatha yangaphakathi.

Isimo enhle emehlweni amaCynic kwaba umphakathi wesintu, okuyiwona azikho imingcele, izikhungo, imithetho, ingcebo. Ngamanye amazwi - ekahle abamele esikoleni zefilosofi esifana nesomuntu wasemhlabeni abase bebuyele esimweni sayo sendalo ngokwemvelo.

izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo

Yisiphi isimo esaboniswa inkolo AmaCynic? Ifilosofi esikoleni emise ukubukwa luyingxenye omubi iyiphi wezenkolo. Phela, AmaCynic eqiniso, iphila ngokuvumelana nezimiso isifundiso, inkolo akachazanga lutho omuhle. abaholi esikoleni ngemibono kubhekwe ubuNkulunkulu ematheni umqondo womuntu. Yonke enye into eyayibonakala njengesinyathelo umkhiqizo fantasy, kanye amaphutha kanye nemikhawulo ezazikhona kuyo yonke indawo emphakathini.

izici Isici ifilosofi AmaCynic

Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo abalandeli izimfundiso zihlanganisa:

• ukuzuzwa sinenkululeko engenamingcele ngokusebenzisa renunciation kokuphila komphakathi;
• ukwenqatshwa yokuzithandela ezibonakalayo;
• ezidukayo yokuntuleka ikhaya laphakade, ukwaneliseka ngokwazi ukuthi kukhona izidingo eziyisisekelo by nokucela
• ukunganakwa kwenhlanzeko, okuthandayo ezimbi kakhulu eziphilayo;
• kutuswe ubumpofu;
• ukugxekwa bezimfundiso idealist;
• non-ukuqashelwa amandla indoda futhi onkulunkulu;
• yokuntuleka ubuzwe ukubukwa exubile;
• ukugxila nxazonke imikhuba emibi abantu, ukugxekwa lalibhekisela izici zobuntu.

Ekuphetheni

AmaCynic - isikole ethile yokucabanga, amalungu okuyinto kungenzeka, esenziwa yesimo esiphansi yezenhlalakahle ayibonwa kwi kubate emandla. Esikhathini esilandelayo ukuziphatha elikhanyayo ngokungafanele iphutha kinikov elithi "isimo sokugxeka" okuyinto wangabaza zonke izinto. Bebaningi eGrisi lasendulo obonisa ekupheleni we 5th - Ekuqaleni kwekhulu 6th, kwakusho ukuthi inkampani kudingeka ngaleso sikhathi e ukwenqaba izimiso senceku futhi ukuhlangabezana nezifiso abampofu, izingxenye disenfranchised emphakathini.