Isekisi Soviet: amakhasi omlando

Iningi labo azalelwa e-USSR, Akungabazeki ukuthi kwezamahlaya KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - the best in the world. Kuyinto illusionists yethu engcono "Magic" Clowns - ezihlekisayo, futhi isilwane abaqeqeshi kanye wabavocavoci - onesibindi futhi ngokugqamile. Zahamba ukuze kwezamahlaya kwaba iholide elikhulu kokubili abadala nezingane ngokufanayo. Kodwa kwezamahlaya Soviet akazange aphume avelaphi. Mayelana indlela yokuhlakulela isekisi Soviet, thina ukumboza kulesi sihloko.

Umlando Russian isekisi art

Ngisho ngezikhathi Kievan Rus ezweni lethu lenziwe le "imbewu" lokuqala isekisi ubuciko, njengoba kufakazelwa nemidwebo ekhatsi Kiev St Sophia Cathedral, eyaqala eminyakeni engu-1070-1075. Zifanekisela amahhashi mncintiswano futhi kuvelaphi ukulwa, tightrope ahamba nezinti. Ngalezo zinsuku adepts ezifana wabavocavoci abajikelezayo kanye nabaqondisi zamabhere, Clowns futhi jugglers wenziwa ezigcawini zedolobha, SMME kanye namaholide kazwelonke, abantu kumangaza futhi kumnandi. I elichumayo eRussia ayehlaselwa buffoons xv-XVI leminyaka.

Ngenxa yemizamo kaPetru mina ekhulwini XVIII enhloko-dolobha futhi emadolobheni amakhulu waqala ukwakha nokuphila emphakathini futhi kwaqala ukuvela European babuka isekisi, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha esekisini ubuciko.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla isekisi Russian kubhekwa XIX leminyaka. Kwakuphakathi nalesi isikhathi sihamba eziningi Balagan izethulo qotho iqhaza kwabadlali futhi bomzimba, jugglers kanye wabavocavoci, abadansi kanye Izanusi, kanye abaculi yezinye izinhlobo. Kunabaculi emadokodweni Fairground umsebenzi wobuciko kwaqala futhi Nikitin Durov bazalwane, kanye nabanye abaningi. Isehlakalo esibaluleke kakhulu endimeni ukuthuthukiswa isekisi isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ukutholakala kwezakhiwo itshe lokuqala: Petersburg phezu yashayisa unqenqema, ngo-1877-m, eMoscow, phezu Boulevard anemibala ngo-1880.

Ukuvela kwezamahlaya Soviet

Ngemva kwezenzakalo-October 1917, sekubikwe ukuthi izinguquko eziphawulekayo ekuphileni nomlando Russian esekisini ubuciko. AmaBolshevik, eqhuba revolution kwamasiko basekela umbuso esekisini futhi kwenza kwaba yithuluzi elinamandla ngemibono ngawo kunemtselela uquqaba. Ithonya elinamandla ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni kwezamahlaya Soviet has isimemezelo "Ngo ubunye ibhizinisi waseshashalazini", ngemvume ngo-August 1919, Ulyanov-Lenin. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, zonke esekisini futhi waseshashalazini impahla kuncike ukufakwa kwezimayini kuhulumeni. Nokho, intuthuko kunalokho kancane, futhi ngo-1922 kwezamahlaya yasekhaya lalinabashumayeli ezimbili kuphela isimo eMoscow. Khona-ke, ngokushesha impela, ngemva kweminyaka emithathu nje, eminye 15 emasekisini emadolobheni ahlukene of uhulumeni iSoviet iqale. Eyokuqala kwavulwa Nizhny Novgorod Fair Soviet isekisi etendeni. Base uhulumeni, kabusha futhi waqala ukusinika imibukiso kanye ukusebenza eLeningrad, Tver, Rostov-on-Don, orel, Kiev, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula. Iningi amakamelo ithunyelwe nge angaphandle siqu isibhamu yabo kwezobuciko uphuthelwe, kanye nezinga labo ukuqeqeshwa ayiyinhle. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga ngo-1926, isekisi ubuciko izifundo kwahlelwa abangena kamuva baba Technical School, efundisa abaculi lokuqala isekisi Soviet.

ekubeni

Esikhathini 1920 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni 1930 ku kwezamahlaya Arenas wendawo amakamelo eziningi ezintsha, uzilungiselele ikhumbula esishintshile emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo emhlabeni umbono izibukeli. Ngemva kokudedelwa ngo-1936 we ifilimu ku yaseshashalazini in the esekisini Soviet ifikile isizukulwane eliphefumulelwe futhi elambile zenzeleni inkazimulo abaculi abasha. Kuyinto ngalesi sikhathi kwafika isiqongo lokuqala ukuthandwa okukhulu clown Karandash (MN Rumyantsev), kwakukhona amanani amakhulu esishwibweni abaculi Valentino futhi Mihaila Volginyh, Imbewu abashayayo umxhwele ikhono lakhe ahamba abazalwane Svirina futhi Pavel Tarasov. Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi namathathu banesifo esibi futhi forties kwekhulu XX kwezamahlaya Soviet isungule isitayela yaso ehlukile futhi kalula.

Impi post-yimpi iminyaka

Circus enkundleni kuletha e abaculi kwanoma iyiphi uhlobo izimfanelo ezifana okukhuthazela nokukhuthazela, isibindi nokuphikelela ifeze. Bonke alubonisa ngokulungiselela izimo ezinzima ngesikhathi sempi. Marshal Chernyakhovsky hhayi zokuphola echazwe abaculi isekisi njengoba abantu steel uhlamvu.

isekisi Soviet ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, alimala kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho zokuqhunyiswa kwebhomu, izakhiwo eziningi babhujiswa, kodwa ngisho neminyaka enzima kakhulu empini, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange wathatha izinyathelo ukusekela ubuciko esekisini.
Iba bamabhanoyi, paratroopers, sappers, Gunners master enkundleni. Ngosuku band impi nabagibeli, eholwa M. Tuganova, kanye namahhashi wesibili yena wajoyina i-Cavalry Corps Dovatora. Abaculi asele aqhubeka ukusebenza namathimba kwezobuciko, wanikeza ikhonsati front line futhi izigceme esibhedlela, ngezinye ujantshi iziteshi nezempi. Popular zazinjengethusi amasosha futhi abasebenzi izinombolo satirical ezazibonisa eSoviet isekisi clown Mihail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (Ipensela), uBoris Vyatkin, uKonstantin Berman.

Abaningi abaculi baye bafa ngaphambili, futhi labo lasinda iminyaka post-yimpi, kanye abasebenzi abasha baqala ukubuyisela nokuthuthukisa ubuciko isekisi, kamuva waqaphela the best emhlabeni.