Isifo sokuwa Focal: amafomu, izimbangela, ukwelashwa. Lapho aphathe isithuthwane eRussia

Ngaphambili ayebizwa ngokuthi isithuthwane saphezulu isifo noma wokwelapha isithuthwane, futhi abantu abanalo manifest, ukucwaswa, okungukuthi, emphakathini bona baba ngokwengqondo inhlamba, futhi iningi amacala ezimbi. Ngisho kulonyaka isikhala kwamanye amazwe, abantu batholakala bene-isithuthwane generalized noma ebalulekile abavunyelwe ukusebenza imisebenzi eminingi ukushayela, bahlanganyele eminye imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa ngezinga elingakanani, ezifana diving.

Abantu zinombono ukuthi kokuquleka uqinisekile ukubukeka kanje: isiguli ukuwa phansi, siqala ukuba beat e Ukudlikizela, wakhe umlomo ukuthi unesikhathi Foam. Uma umuntu ngaleso sikhathi ukumboza indwangu emnyama, isiqephu isidlulile, kanti isiguli ezumeka. Eqinisweni, isithuthwane kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene bese siphathe ngendlela nezikhungo zezokwelapha ezikhethekile. Esinye sezipho ezinhle kakhulu eRussia spondylitis umtholampilo lapho zisetshenziselwa izindlela zesimanje zokuxilonga kanye nokwelashwa. Ngokuphathelene ebalulekile iziguli isithuthwane kanye nemindeni yabo eminingi: uvelaphi, noma okudlulisa libe yifa lenu, kungani isithuthwane ahlupheke bantwanyana ke ingabe esithathelwanayo kungenzeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele, kunalokho igcwele, njengoba ezisongela ukuphila, nabanye abaningi. Kulesi sihloko sizozama Sinike ephelele ulwazi mayelana isifo.

Isifo sokuwa - kuyinto ...

Ukuze uqale ukuchaza onjani sifo - isithuthwane eqondile. Isimiso sezinzwa somzimba womuntu has a imfundo microscopically encane kwesakhiwo obusebenzayo, okuthiwa izinzwa. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama-ethize kubenza bakwazi ukugcina futhi udlulise ulwazi kwezinye amayunithi enjalo, kanye imisipha nezindlala. Empeleni, noma yimuphi ukuphendula umzimba kunqunywa ukuziphatha kwalezi izinhlayiya ezincane. Ngo ubuchopho bomuntu kukhona angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-65. Abaningi babo bafunana okwakuthandelene futhi wadala lo okuthiwa kwenethiwekhi. Ngokomfanekiso ingakhishwa imelelwa uhlobo luhlelo loluvumelanako uhlala imithetho yayo siqu. zesifo sokuwa zenzeka lapho kuphakama izinzwa okungazelelwe (paroxysmal) esithweni kagesi ayephuli umsebenzi wabo. Lesi simo singenzeka kunoma izifo eziningi, eziningi zazo iphathelene nezifo zengqondo of etiologies ehlukahlukene. Kube Focal isithuthwane futhi generalized. Igama elithi "ebalulekile" livela Latin "Ukugxila '. ebalulekile Epilepsy kubhekwe uma sigxile excitation izinzwa isayithi eyodwa (Locus) noma, uma sikubeka kalula, kukhona ethize ubuchopho lesion ingxenye. Isifo sokuwa kubhekwa generalized (inani), lapho ukuhlulwa noma ngokushesha kuthinta zombili ama- zobuchopho, noma, njengoba ayeke wavela endaweni ethile, osebenza ku wonke ubuchopho.

Ukwahlukanisa

Ngo-1989, i-olusha ngezigaba pre-ekhona ka isithuthwane ebalulekile kanye nezimpawu zayo. Manje ingxenye yaleli zezifo syndromes angawodwa:

1. Idiopathic.

2. okunezimpawu.

3. Cryptogenic.

Ngo generalized syndromes angawodwa isithuthwane idiopathic futhi lingaze.

Futhi, kukhona eziningi uthi lapho kukhona futhi ebalulekile kanye generalized izimpawu.

Idiopathic ebalulekile isithuthwane

Lolu hlobo lwe-isifo eba lapho izinzwa ubuchopho ziqala ukusebenza nzima ngokungadingekile. Kulokhu, okuthiwa focus nabanesithuthwane, okuyinto yilabo abake isiguli ngokweqile esithweni kagesi, kodwa kwesakhiwo izilonda ingqondo lapho. Ekuqaleni, imigwamanda ukuthi emhlabeni kwemizi kudala uhlobo kushaft zokuzivikela. Lapho esithweni ukuthola umfutho, siyivumele ukuba phuma kwemingcele wakhe, umuntu kwenzekani kokuquleka sokuwa. Imbangela idiopathic isithuthwane e kakhulu izimo okungukuthi azalwa naso ngokuguqula izakhi zofuzo zofuzo, ngakho-ke kungase kube sitholwa njengefa. Bakhulume, lokhu zokugula kungaba ngasiphi yobudala, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba izimpawu zokuqala ebonwe izingane. Nge ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi lesi sifo kungenzeka ukuqeda ongoti, futhi ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esifanele ukwelapha uqale izinguquko ezihlelekile ama- cerebral, okuholela ezihlukahlukene iziyaluyalu esithinta izinzwa, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi ngokwengqondo. Isifo sokuwa ezinganeni - a kungavamile ukuba ingozi, ngoba akukho usongo ekuphileni. It is oluthathwa by indawo focus izinzwa asebenzayo futhi:

• yesikhashana;
• occipital;
• Ukufundwa eyinhloko isithuthwane.

Izimpawu futhi emtholampilo yesikhashana Lobe isithuthwane

Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, lolu hlobo zokugula sitholakale lapho le kuyinto izinzwa kakhulu asebenzayo bagxila kule emathempelini. Temporal isithuthwane ebalulekile kungenzeka grudnichkovom yobudala ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• perinatal (lokuzalwa) ukulimala;
• yokushodelwa umoya egazini (hypoxemia) ezivele ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, enye yazo asphyxia ngesikhathi sokuzalwa;
• gliosis posttraumatic esifundeni yesikhashana.

Zokugula omdala kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• thuthuva ezitsheni cerebral;
• infarction cerebral;
• ukulimala.

Uma lokhu zokugula kokuquleka nabanesithuthwane senzeka ngaphandle nokulahlekelwa ukwazi futhi kokumethemba yayo (aura) Ingase ithanyelwe noma sahlukene nalo. Iziguli bangezwa sokuzwa, gustatory noma ukusangana ezibukwayo, isiyezi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukungakhululeki enhliziyweni, dyspnoea, imfiva, arrhythmia, ukukhathazeka, uma ungalele ucabangana ekushintsheni Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuzwa, mzimba wakhe.

Uma excitation izinzwa livela endaweni umthombo luqhubeke kuze amabili ama- zobuchopho, okungukuthi, kusukela isithuthwane ebalulekile kuba generalized, ukuhlaselwa kungathatha indawo ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuphazamiseka inkumbulo, ukuwa, kodwa ngaphandle Ukudlikizela. Futhi kulesi sigaba iziguli isifo bangezwa izenzo okuphindayo - ngempama izandla, ukunwaya, ekhala, ukuphinda imisindo ethile, eshaywa.

Nge ukuqhubeka Lobe yesikhashana isithuthwane waphawula kuhlasela ibizwa ngokuthi yesibili generalized. Basuke izimpawu nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ephonsa isiguli, izinhlungu zibe yonke imisipha.

I ikhambi esiyinhloko lolu hlobo isithuthwane - isidakamizwa "carbamazepine", futhi ukungabi khona umphumela ukwelashwa esikhundleni Kwenziwa. Ngo kakhulu izimo, ukuhlinzwa kuboniswa.

Umtholampilo nezimpawu occipital isithuthwane

Lokhu zokugula Uphinde abhekwe ukuba ingozi, futhi kwenzeka ngasiphi yobudala, kodwa 76% zako ezilotshwe izingane ezineminyaka engu-3 kuya ku-6 iminyaka. Occipital isithuthwane ebalulekile ezinganeni libhekene yokuthi ukuquleka kwenzeka lapho kunomehluko omkhulu futhi kukhona emifushane (imizuzu engaba ngu-10) noma isikhathi eside (imizuzu engaphezu kuka-30, amahora angu-ngezinye izikhathi ezimbalwa).

Mayelana 10% weziguli ezine kuphela vegetative iziyaluyalu (nesicanucanu, ngokuvamile isiphetho ne ukuhlanza, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ukucobeka, okusezingeni eliphezulu ukujuluka, pallor noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ububomvu kwesikhumba, ukukhwehlela, inhliziyo disorder, myiasis, mydriasis, urinary incontinence lokushisa ukwanda).

Cishe ama-80% eziguli babe ukuphambuka (isikhundla okungalungile) amehlo. Ngokuvamile, ingane uqalile eceleni.

Ngo-26% lamacala abikiwe kwenzeka gemikloniya (disordered imisipha ukudikiza).

Ekugcineni, u-90% izimpawu vegetative kungase kuhambisane nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Ezinganeni 1/5 bangezwa sokuwa mashi Jacksonian, futhi abanye ubumpumputhe noma ukusangana egqamile.

Ekupheleni kuhlasela ingane izizwa evamile, ngaphandle izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa izinkinga ezingokwengqondo.

Isikhathi nokuquleka futhi izimpawu autonomic kukhona abazali wethukile kakhulu abanomuzwa wokuthi ingane yabo bangase bafe. Nokho, ukuze basize inesithuthwane kufanelekile esifushane liyadingeka. Uma ukuhlasela ngesikhathi occipital isithuthwane eside futhi izimpawu evelele autonomic, ke usizo oluphuthumayo, esakhiwa ngo ujova benzodiazepines emthanjeni inikeza. Uma ingane yakho ine ukuquleka kwenzeka njalo, kwenziwe imithi "carbamazepine".

Ukufundwa isithuthwane Primary

Ukubonakaliswa ezingavamile kakhulu lesi sifo, ezivamile abafana kunamantombazane at isilinganiso 2: 1. Ukubonisa le uhlobo isithuthwane ekuqaleni kuka abasesikoleni. Ukuquleka uqale nge kwesilevu ethuthumela, ukunyakazisa of imisipha umhlathi ongezansi, akuvamile waphawula nobunzima ukuphefumula, kwezinso sezinzwa ngesikhathi ufunda, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa ngokuzwakalayo. Lapho harbingers lokuqala ingane kufanele ayeke ukufunda, ngaphandle kwalokho kuhlasela kungase kubangele umuntu eqhuma eqinile. Abanye abazali kanye nabafundisi, futhi, kungukuthi athathwe ngokungathi sína kuyinto isimo somntwana, kodwa qiniseka ukufunda isithuthwane okufanele ukuthi selashwe, njengoba bahlaselwe futhi ungase uqale ukuvela ngesikhathi umdlalo, lapho ukhuluma noma ukudla. I ikhambi esiyinhloko lolu hlobo isithuthwane - "Valproate". Futhi, odokotela bangase bazinike "Flunarizine" futhi "clonazepam".

Okunezimpawu isithuthwane ebalulekile

Lokhu zokugula sitholakale lapho cortex has umonakalo, imbangela okuyinto ngendlela efanele. Eqoshiwe isithuthwane lingaze ezinganeni nakubantu abadala mayelana nobuningi efanayo. Izizathu ivela khona kungaba:

• nokulimala engqondweni kuhlasimulise ngasizathu simbe;
• isilulu samafayela;
• izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
• izitsha dysplasia wesibeletho;
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu;
• osteochondrosis yomgogodla;
• kwemizwa uhlelo kombungu;
• anoxia (asphyxia);
• izifo eziningi kwezitho zangaphakathi;
• e olusanda kuzalwa lokuzalwa ukuhlukumezeka.

Bazikhulumele isithuthwane lingaze may ngisho neminyaka ngemva ukuhlukumezeka noma isifo.

Ukwahlukanisa lingaze isithuthwane

Kulesi isifo kunezinhlobo ezine, kuncike kwasendaweni izinguquko ezihlelekile:

• yesikhashana;
• parietal;
• occipital;
• engaphelele.

Futhi kule qembu elingalodwa Kozhevnikovsky syndrome (chronic okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi esifanayo isithuthwane) kanye syndrome lapho ukuhlaselwa nabanesithuthwane ebalulekile siqale ngenxa yanoma yisiphi ezenzeka ngaphandle, ezifana emva Awakening okungazelelwe.

Temporal isithuthwane lingaze libhekene kokuzwa ukungakhuli, ukucabanga okunengqondo, amaphethini ukuziphatha.

Lapho engaphelele sivame ukuba inkulumo neziyaluyalu, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukuhlakanipha kanye nezinye ukuphambuka engqondweni yethu ubudala kwezinkambiso.

Occipital Epilepsy uye esilufifi umbono, ukukhathala, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokudidiyela ukunyakaza.

I parietal okungukuthi lwefa ka zabo izimpawu of Ukudlikizela, paresis, kahle imoto imisebenzi.

Ukuhlaselwa abanesifo sokuwa lingaze kungaba elula (ezincane vegetative, motor nokukhubazeka umuntu sezinzwa ngesikhatsi operation ngiqaphele), eziyinkimbinkimbi (ukuphazamiseka ukwazi nezitho zangaphakathi) nokwesibili generalized (nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuquleka, abalulekile ukungasebenzi autonomic).

Uma izimpawu of isithuthwane kufanele aphathwe kudokotela oyisazi sezinzwa ngezindleko noma wezifo zengqondo yakhe emtholampilo. It onobuhlobo kakhulu idumela spondylitis umtholampilo Petersburg, lapho, phakathi kwezinye umnyango nemisebenzi Neurology nengane wezifo zengqondo. Kukhona isikhungo yesimanje zokuxilonga, eyenziwa kwamakhemikhali, ama-hormone jikelele impahla ucwaningo ukunquma yenhliziyo engcupheni, qapha imithi, ukuqhuba ukuhlola ukusebenza, ultrasound, ECG, izitsha ucwaningo.

Cryptogenic isithuthwane ebalulekile

Igama elithi "cryptogenic" lisuselwa esiGrekini "krifto", okusho ukuthi "ocashe", 'ethukuswe'. Sitholakele "isithuthwane cryptogenic" ibekwe lapho imbangela isifo ngeke ibonakale. Kaningi, lokhu zokugula kwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engama 16. Izizathu ezingenzeka kungase kube ezihlukahlukene ikhanda ukuhlukumezeka, izimila, izifo eziningi, kwegazi ompofu. Izimbangela ubumbaxambili sifo kwenza kube nzima ukwelapha. Kulokhu, ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyinto efiselekayo zisebenze esibhedlela central, lapho kukhona isikhungo yesimanje zokuxilonga ngamathuluzi eziphambili, ezifana e-Brain Institute (Petersburg). Lapha, Ochwepheshe abanolwazi ukwenza imikhumbi ucwaningo eziphambili ekhanda, electroencephalography, electroneuromyography, ucwaningo nekhono zobuchopho futhi lahlukene ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali futhi laboratory.

Isithombe basemtholampilo nokuquleka abanesifo sokuwa cryptogenic zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Ukuhlaselwa ngale zokugula yabonakala nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, futhi ngaphandle kwalo, zikhala autonomic iziyaluyalu, Ukudlikizela noma ngaphandle ekuthatheni obuhlukahlukene umfutho kanye nesikhathi noma motor nje ezincane kanye / noma abanokukhubazeka sezinzwa.

Ngesikhathi esikhundleni focus ukugxila izinzwa overexcited ukuhlukanisa amafomu alandelayo:

• e Nenkabazwe kwesokudla;
• e Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele;
• e izingxenye zobuchopho obunzima, walala;
• cryptogenic ebalulekile frontal isithuthwane.

Futhi kungenzeka isithuthwane cryptogenic elihlobene ne Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Waphawula kaningi kubafana eziphakathi kuka-4 6 iminyaka, futhi wince okungalindelekile, ukulahlekelwa imisipha ithoni, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi nokuwa.

ukwelashwa

Usizo lokuqala e zesifo sokuwa kufanele uhlinzeke izihlobo nabangane, kwenzeka emehlweni komuntu. Yini okumelwe uyenze? algorithm ezilandelayo:

• ukuvikela esigulini phakathi esiyingozi izinto ukuthi ngephutha olimele;
• uma umuntu wawa, wasibeka phansi kwekhanda lakhe into ethambile;
• athambise iziqobosho (izinkinobho, bensimbi) entanyeni nasesifubeni;
• ngemva kokufika kwabakhi isiguli enqubeni umuzwa amanxeba akhe, uma kukhona;
• shayela i-ambulense.

Yini enye ukuze do:

• ukugcina umuntu convulsing;
• decompress amazinyo ubekezele;
• zama ukuyeka amanzi noma imithi.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa isithuthwane Kwenziwa ngemva kokumiswa izimbangela zezifo kanye ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe, ngakho uma kungenzeka, kuyatuseka ukusebenzisa imitholampilo ezikhethekile, ezifana Brain Institute (Petersburg), Clinic Ukuvuselwa Neurology (eMoscow) nezinye izinkonzo zezempilo eziphakeme ezikhethekile, lapho kukhona epileptolog.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa isithuthwane iqhutshwa tinkhombandlela eziningana:

• nokuncipha nobuningi kanye nesikhathi ukuhlaselwa;
• nokuvinjelwa ukuhlaselwa ezintsha;
• izinzwa;
• ukuzuzwa kwemiPhumela nesineke, lapho ungakwazi ukukhansela izidakamizwa.

Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ephoqelelwe a izibhedlela ezikhethekile zengqondo. Izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa imithi ethatha, Ukudla, osteopathy, Vojta indlela, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - ukuhlinzwa.