Isihlahla isakhiwo: isikimu. Izici Sakhiwo sangaphandle esihlahleni

Imithi eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisebenzisa ilanga Amandla, bevimba ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke futhi siyosiza ekusindiseni ibhalansi ecosystem. I Sakhiwo sangaphandle kwesihlahla kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo main, letifana nemacembe, izimbali kanye izithelo, isiqu, amagatsha futhi izimpande.

Izici Sakhiwo sangaphandle izinkuni: Krona

Crohn esakhiwa amaqabunga namagatsha engxenyeni engenhla somuthi, udlala indima ebalulekile filtration uthuli nezinye izinhlayiya ezivela emoyeni. Iphinde kusiza ukwehlisa umoya, umthunzi nokunciphisa umthelela imvula phezu komhlaba. Amahlamvu banesibopho amandla wonke esihlahleni.

Bona mangqamuzana ane-chlorophyll, ekhuthaza inqubo ye-photosynthesis kanye nemibala kubo oluhlaza. Amahlamvu asetshenziselwa solar energy conversion-carbon dioxide futhi amanzi emkhathini ibe yi-glucose ne-oksijini. Ushukela, okuyinto izihlahla zokudla, wasebenzisa noma agcinwe amagatsha, umzimba kanye izimpande. Umoya-mpilo adedelwa emkhathini. izihlahla akheke ngezindlela eziningi nobukhulu.

Isiqu sawo futhi amagatsha

Isiqu sawo futhi amagatsha, kanye uqweqwe overlying siqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zamangqamuzana imisebenzi eziningi ezahlukene. Abanye basebenza ukunikeza amandla nokuqina, kuyilapho abanye bekwi zokuthutha okusamanzi, abanye banesibopho nokugcina isitashi kanye nezinye izakhi.

uqweqwe

Isakhiwo kwesihlahla ihilela isici okufana esibalulekile, njengoba amagxolo. It bahlanganisa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezimbili:

1. Amagxolo kwangaphakathi (phloem) kuyinto ngenkuthalo bazibandakanye emphilweni isihlahla. amaseli wayo ijabulise akha uhlobo kwamanzi agobhozayo, lapho izakhi ziyoncibilika emanzini zabiwa kwezinye izingxenye emthini amaqabunga efihlekile, lapho bebehlala khona: yakhiqizwa ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis.
2. I uqweqwe lwakhiwa ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana afile. It ihlanganiswa ne imifantu. Kusinda containment ngokumelene izinambuzane, izilwane, amakhaza nokushisa iziphi izici zangaphandle.

ukukhula isihlahla

Isakhiwo kwesihlahla kuhilela khona izindawo ezintathu meristematic, okungukuthi, amaseli kungaba bahlukanise futhi ukuzicabanga njengamanje. Ababili babo zitholakala izimpande nemiqumbe at the amathiphu amagatsha, okuvumela esihlahleni ukuze zikhule ubude. Izoni yesithathu etholakala phakathi amagxolo izinkuni, ibizwa ngokuthi cambium semithambo. amaseli zakhe sokuhlukanisa kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle, okungukuthi, kuzo zonke izindawo. Ngakho, phakathi amafomu akhona igxolo entsha kwangaphakathi. Cambium ingenye izimo ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezihlahla, nge ekusimameni futhi ukulimala isivikelo bola.

Uhlelo impande

izici ezicacile zomzimba zangaphandle isihlahla isakhiwo zihlanganisa ukungabi core e ohlelweni impande, isamba anda parenchyma, noma okuthiwa izinhlayiya zamangqamuzana aphilayo. Esikhathini izimpande nenani elincane zemicu ezincane kuno esiqwini futhi amagatsha, inani ukukhula izindandatho. isakhiwo Underground ka kwesihlahla (uhlelo impande) kubaluleke kakhulu sokusebenza. Roots ingashintshwa ukuze ukumuncwa nokugcina amanzi namaminerali ezimweni ongaphakeme ukukhanya. Futhi zidinga umoya-mpilo abalulekile, lapho ususelwe isikhala esincane phakathi izinhlayiya inhlabathi.

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile ohlelweni impande iwukugcina isitshalo uqotho. Zonke izihlahla izimpande lateral ukuthi igatsha ezincane futhi zivame elongate indiza ovundlile. Ezinye izihlahla abe Taproot ukuthi ifinyelela 7 amamitha. impande ngamunye imbozwe izinkulungwane izinwele, sisivumele kalula zikwazi ukumunca amanzi namaminerali okuwuketshezi enhlabathini. Iningi uhlelo impande itholakala elingenhla inhlabathi ungqimba.

core

Ngo inqubo yokukhula amaseli endala xylem maphakathi kwesihlahla aphole futhi umzimba, futhi ekugcineni bafe, likhula lakha isiyingi egcwele glucose, udayi namafutha, ngakho core ngokuvamile mnyama kunaloyo lotfolwa ngibo bonkhe emgqonyeni. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu ukusekela esihlahleni. Xylem siqukethe izingqimba ezincane zokhuni, okuyinto zithutha amanzi nezakhi izimpande kuya amahlamvu nezinye izingxenye esihlahleni. Cambium - ungqimba ezondile kwezicubu, okuyinto inqubo ukhiqiza ukukhula entsha amaseli Kuphakathi xylem noma phloem. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu yilokho kwandisa esiqwini futhi amagatsha amabili ububanzi.

ukhuni izingcezu izingane

Isakhiwo kwesihlahla izingane is best wachaza wokusebenzisa izinsiza-kufundisa. Ukuze ezisiza izingane ukuba zijwayelane uhlobo oluthile izimila kungasiza ezihlukahlukene izithombe, Umbala, umfanekiso. Ungasebenzisa umsebenzi logic umzimba ku ukuhlanganisa izithombe nokunye. Into esemqoka - Ungeqisi it futhi musa overload ingane ngemininingwane engadingekile. Kungcono ukuqala nge nesithombe esisodwa, futhi kancane kancane ungeta letinye nzima imidwebo, ezinemininingwane eminingi. Sidinga ukuqinisa wafunda ngendlela ethakazelisayo, usebenzisa puzzle, izinkondlo kanye izindaba ezithakazelisayo. Uma ukuchaza izingane ukhuni isakhiwo, isakhiwo definition kufanele kube lula futhi kuyaqondakala. Ngokwesibonelo, impande - ingxenye esihlahleni, lapho uhlala ngaphansi komhlaba. Isiqu sawo isekela umqhele futhi amagatsha, lapho ukhule amahlamvu. Amagxolo ivikela isihlahla ekushiseni, emakhazeni, umswakama ukulahleka futhi umonakalo nokunye.
Izihlahla ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomhlaba wethu. Zinikeza izinkuni ukwakhiwa kwengaphakathi nephepha ukwenziwa. Zinikeza olwenzeka endaweni zonke izinhlobo izinambuzane, izinyoni kanye nezinye izilwane. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-izithelo nokusanhlamvu ikhule ezihlahleni, kuhlanganise apula, amawolintshi, walnuts, amagonandoda kanye amapetshisi. Ngisho isihlahla ubisi kuwusizo futhi ukhonza ukudla izinambuzane hhayi kuphela. Izihlahla futhi ukuba sihlale emoyeni ahlanzekile kanye nemvelo - enempilo. Sidonsa umoya-mpilo bese exhale-carbon dioxide. Izihlahla futhi okumunca isikhutha bese uyekela umoya-mpilo. ubambiswano nje ephelele! Isakhiwo kwesihlahla (isithombe okusesihlokweni esithi) kuhlanganisa inani elithile izingxenye, ngayinye edlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yonke isitshalo.