Izimila nezilwane kukhona amadamu. izilwane freshwaters

Nezilwane zemizimba amanzi endaweni yabo ngamaqembu amabili main. Eyokuqala - a zooplankton, kanti owesibili - the benthos. Zooplankton uhlala ngokuqondile kukholamu amanzi benthos ithatha phansi. amaqembu lahlukene awakha eziphilayo ezihlala labo noma ezinye izinto, izitshalo kwamanzi, kanye nenhlanzi. Ngakho, izitshalo nezilwane amadamu - futhi bayini?

izitshalo

Baye matasa indawo yonke yasemanzini. Emachibini nemifudlana, amachibi nemifula ukhule futhi ezala ezihlukahlukene abamele emhlabeni izitshalo. Ngokuhamba izigidi zeminyaka kwemvelo basuke ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo kule amadamu. Ezinye zazo zingaphansi kwamanzi ngokuphelele emanzini, kuyilapho abanye ezimila ebusweni wayo obushelelezi. Nye of them fana siphile ngasemngceleni ophakathi amanzi, umhlaba kanye nomoya. Thina ngikuxoxele edume kakhulu kubo.

Air-marsh

It yakha amahlozi enkulu emanzini angajulile. Amahlamvu aso abe ifomu enamandla futhi xiphoid. Reach ubude angu-1.5 amamitha. Ngo calamus has a esigaxeni eside, embozwe iminonjana amaqabunga afile. Lezi rhizomes - ikhambi elaziwayo izifo ezithile. Ukuyisebenzisa ukupheka (izinongo), kanye izimonyo.

bulrush

Lesi simila igxile ixhaphozi ezingwini. esigaxeni wayo ezinwabuzelayo futhi ingaphakathi eziyize. Ukuqina stem cylindrical ukuma ikhuphukela ukuphakama 2 amamitha. Yena ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele isici Izigaxa brown eqoqwe in a phehla. amahlamvu esifingqiwe kanye esintamo ahlelwe Ezansi stem bulrush. Emahlozini lesi sitshalo ngezinye izikhathi esingaweleki odongeni ozungezayo ichibi, ethula izakhamuzi zakhona indawo yokukhosela enokwethenjelwa.

amanzi lily

Lesi simila asivamile ukubonwa emanzini olandelanayo. Isikhathi esiningi likhula e emaxhaphozini, amachibi oxbows futhi chweba. esigaxeni wakhe onamandla nezimpande eziqinile adventitious kanye Amaqabunga okusaqanda ehlezi petioles eside, elintantayo phezu kwamanzi. Omunye amahle kakhulu amanzi lily isitshalo ubhekwa ezimhlophe. Ukuthi enikelwe eziningi zezinkondlo nama-legends.

ecosystem zayo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimo abahlala izinhlobo ezahlukene amadamu nazo ezahlukene. Yingakho ukwakheka zezilwane ezihlala egeleza amanzi, ehluke ngokuphelele kusukela ezilwaneni, sojourns kuphela amanzi amile. Kulesi sihloko sizobona ukuthi Yiqiniso, ngeke ukwazi Nokho ukuchaza ukuhlukahluka nezilwane, uqaphele main iqembu izilwane abahlala kulezi imizimba amanzi.

zooplankton

Lawa izilwane ethandwa kakhulu abahlala imizimba amanzi. Igama elithi "zooplankton" ngokuthi lenyama: ciliates, amoeba, flagellates, rhizomes. Bakhonza njengabashumayeli ukudla inhlanzi ezincane kanye nezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini. La magciwane ezincane ngokwanele ngobukhulu, abakwazi esabonwa iso womuntu, ngoba kudinga ngesibonakhulu. Cabanga ngesibonelo amoeba.

amoeba Proteus

Lokhu ukusungulwa is ukuze wonke umuntu ofinyelele abasesikoleni ezaziwayo. Amoeba - lokhu yezilwane amadamu (isithombe esihlokweni), ukuthi banenkolelo loners unicellular. Thola lezi zidalwa kungaba cishe noma kuphi lapho kukhona amanzi nezinhlayiyana ukuthi Site ukudla: bacterium, izihlobo amancane, efile udaba eziphilayo.

Amoeba, noma rhizomes, - ngikhetha ngokweqile. Zihlala amachibi nezilwandle, kukhasa ku ezimila emanzini. Ngezinye izikhathi bahlale amathumbu yezilwane ezinomgogodla. Amoebas nokuthi izihlobo zabo zakwamanye amazwe. Lokhu okuthiwa foraminifera. Bona bahlala amanzi kuphela zasolwandle.

cladocerans

Zooplankton emi amanzi mhlawumbe iqukethe cladocerans okuthiwa. Lezi zidalwa bheka kanje. Bona mfushane umzimba ebiyelwe igobolondo ehlanganisa valve ezimbili. ikhanda labo embozwe igobolondo phezulu lapho inamathelisiwe amabili namabhuzu izimpondo ekhethekile. izimpondo engemuva yalezi ezinamagobolondo achazwayo kahle futhi bakhonze njengamaphayona amaphiko.

I-antenna ngayine sehlukaniswe amagatsha amabili ne obukhulu bristles feathery. Bakhonza ukwandisa ebusweni izidumbu ukubhukuda. umzimba wabo itholakala ngaphansi zempi ukuze 6 namabhuzu ukubhukuda imilenze. ezinamagobolondo branched - ejwayelekile yezilwane amadamu, Ubukhulu yabo musa idlule 5 kwangu. Lezi zidalwa - kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso semvelo kwesigubhu, ngoba kukhona ukudla izinhlanzi ezincane. Ngakho, ake izinhlanzi.

Pike

Pike futhi ngezisulu zako (izinhlanzi ezaziphekwe ibadla) - yizilwane angenasawoti. Lena nomzingeli ejwayelekile, kwandile ezweni lethu. Njengezinye izinto eziphilayo, Pike at zokukhula ezihlukene udle ngendlela ehlukile. Bona Fry nje achanyuselwa kusuka amaqanda, baphile ngqo angajulile, ku coves engajulile. Kuyinto lawa manzi abacebile ecosystem yabo.

Lapha Pike gazinga uqale ukondla uye wakwenza labo ezinamagobolondo kakhulu lenyama, esixoxe kabanzi ngazo ngenhla. Ngamasonto amabili lo gazinga udlulele izibungu isinambuzane, iminyundu, izibankwa nezibungu. Izimila nezilwane kukhona amadamu wezwe lakithi ezindaweni ezahlukene zihlukile. Lokhu esikusho khona neqiniso lokuthi akuyona ngakho kudala, ichthyologists bathole i isici esithakazelisayo: schuryat abahlala eRussia emaphakathi, kusukela ngineminyaka engu-izinyanga ezimbili makudle kwabo perch abasha roach.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ekudleni Pike abasha kuqala ukukhula kubonakale. Ejabule odla tadpoles, amaxoxo, inhlanzi enkulu (ngezinye izikhathi iba ngaphezu ngokwakho kabili!) Futhi ngisho izinyoni ezincane. Ngezinye izikhathi Pike amazimu: bedla abafo wabo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-fish and zooplankton - ungeyena izilwane kuphela abahlala imizimba amanzi. Bona ngaphezulu zezakhamuzi zakhona.

Spider-jewel

Igama lakhe lesibili - isicabucabu amanzi. Kuvamile kulo lonke elaseYurophu isidalwa arachnid, sihluke izihlobo zabo ebhukuda uboya phezu imilenze yangemuva futhi izimpiko ezintathu kubo. Igama lakhe wazakhela ngenxa esiswini izibani kwamanzi esiliva ekukhanyeni kwakhe. Spider akusho ukucwila ngenxa ekhethekile amanzi-oxosha izinto. Kungatholakala kubhalwe amile noma kancane ogeleza.

It feeds on spider silverfish ezihlukahlukene izilwane ezincane, okuyinto babanjwa imicu webs ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi wayephuma Ubamba yimpango yabo. Uma ifika lapho ukubamba ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile, yena Mans ngokucophelela insalela eningi izindlu ngaphansi kwamanzi. By the way, kwenza isidleke spider yayo, intambo axube izinto ngaphansi kwamanzi. It livulekele downwardly, amanzi spider igcwalisa ngayo emoyeni, okwenza okuthiwa diving-insimbi.

ezivamile Echibini umnenke

Izilwane ezihlala emanzini, ngezindlela eziningi sekusaziwa yithi ngokusebenzisa incwadi yesikole wesayensi yezilwane. Lokho umnenke ezivamile Echibini akuyona ngaphandle. Lezi iminenke ezinkulu mollusk wamaphaphu. Bahlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, I-Asia, eNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika. ERussia, kwezinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke eziphilayo mollusk kakhulu. Ubukhulu we cochlea - ukubaluleka variable, ngoba engaphansi ngokuphelele ukuba khona izimo ezithile.

"Indlu" wakhe - a echibini eyodwa isiqeshana nge imbobo eyodwa ezansi. Njengomthetho, yena twirled endaweni Kuvunguza of ematfuba 5-7 luqhubeke phansi. Ngaphakathi igobolondo umzimba esinamanzi okusaluketshezi. Ngezikhathi ezithile ke kuphuma kwangaphandle, ukwakha ikhanda ezinyaweni bese evuleka futhi flat ngezansi. Nale Echibini foot amaslayidi izitshalo kanye netintfo kwamanzi uthanda zokushushuluza.

Asazi ngamabomu kuqashelwe ukuthi ezivamile Echibini umnenke basonta mollusk yamaphaphu. Iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane Freshwater umoya osemkhathini, njengoba thina sikanye nawe. Truncatula ngokusebenzisa "izinyawo" induku yayo underside we namanabukeni amanzi zembula ukuphefumula yayo imbobo, ngiphakamisa emoyeni. Cha, abanayo ukukhanya, ngaphansi bamhlophe okuthiwa ingaphakathi yamaphaphu. Kungenxa lilondolozwe futhi kudliwe emoyeni.

Amaxoxo futhi Toads

Animal amadamu azigcini ezincane, iminenke nezinye ezingenamgogodla encane izidalwa. Kanye izinhlanzi amachibi kanye amachibi kungabonwa nezilwane eziphila ezweni - amaxoxo kanye Toads. tadpoles yabo cishe zonke ehlobo nge ukubhukuda emachibini nomthombo wamanzi aqabulayo. Entwasahlobo amphibian "amakhonsathi" wanelisekile: basebenzisa izikhwama zabo resonators bawling wonke umphakathi, ebeka amaqanda emanzini.

ezinwabuzelayo

Uma sikhuluma onjani izilwane amadamu ezihuquzelayo, kungabi nakungabaza, singabona i inyoka abavamile. Konke ukuphila kwakhe kuhlobene ngokuqondile search for ukudla. Yena kuzingelwa amaxoxo. Ngoba indoda, lezi zinyoka abalona umonakalo. Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abangenalwazi ukubulala izinyoka, ngephutha kubo ngoba izinyoka ezinesihlungu. Ngenxa yalokhu, isibalo salezi zilwane abahlukene encishisiwe. Enye ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini - okungukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ngezilayidi abomvu-eared. Kwaba terrariums wakhe aqukethe zemvelo Amateur.

izinyoni

Izimila nezilwane kukhona amadamu kakhulu oxhumene nomunye, ngoba okokuqala ukuvikela yesibili! Lokhu ikakhulukazi kubonakala ngokucacile endabeni izinyoni. Ukuthambekela izinyoni izidumbu amanzi kubangelwa ikakhulu ephakeme umthamo ukudla zalezi zindawo, kanye nemibandela esihle Ukuvikelwa (nemihlanga sedge izinyoni zakha ezingabonakali). Kwenqwaba kwalezi zilwane kusekelwe anseriformes (goose, amadada, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi) passerine, copepods, pogankoobraznyh, Ciconiiformes charadriiformes nezinyoni.

ezincelisayo

Lapho yini ngaphandle kwabo! Abamele lesi sigaba kwezilwane Usibambile phezu imbulunga yonke, esakaza nomaphi: ezindlini ezingaphansi emoyeni (amalulwane) emanzini (imikhomo, amahlengethwa) emhlabathini (amahlosi, izindlovu, izindlulamithi, izinja, amakati), ngaphansi komhlaba (shrews , amavukuzi). Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, isilwane esincelisayo esihlobene amanzi ahlanzekile futhi simi endaweni zezwe lethu hhayi kakhulu.

Ezinye zazo zichitha cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe emizimbeni amanzi ngaphandle kokushiya kubo esisodwa (muskrat, uchakide, Otter, muskrat, i-beaver), kuyilapho abanye ukungatholi uhlale emanzini, futhi eduze kwalo (amanzi izimvukuzane). Ezilwaneni ezinjalo phakathi kwezinzwane achazwayo kahle ukubhukuda ulwelwesi, nasezindlebeni futhi emakhaleni kukhona valve akhethekile, plug lezi imbobo ebalulekile sokucwiliswa wesilwane.