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Isikhumbuzo emikhunjini Ugcwalise e Sevastopol (isithombe)

Isikhumbuzo emikhunjini Ugcwalise e Sevastopol Yakhiwa engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule yokudumisa ezenzeka phakathi kwekhulu XIX. Naphezu remoteness imicimbi, umlando ukubukeka lesikhumbuzo, kanye lamatshwayo lesikhumbuzo ujwayelene hhayi kuphela ukuba izakhamuzi zedolobha, kodwa futhi kunoma ubani owake lapha.

I uwuphawu edolobheni

Sevastopol bay futhi lasolwandle - kukhona imiqondo nolimi. City kuwo wonke umlando ukhona bebonise ubuqotho, wokuzinikela nothando kolwandle kanye nemikhumbi. Kodwa uma amatilosi kwadingeka umhlatshelo eqolo ababenakho. Ngenxa edolobheni wezempi wabhubhisa imikhumbi abangu ngamabomu esingu ngezibhamu zabo nabantu bathutheleka e Ekuvukeni kwe-bay, ngaleyo ndlela isithiyo endleleni imikhumbi isitha.

Umuzi wasinda. Ukuze kuhlonishwe lo mcimbi, izakhamuzi yamisa lesikhumbuzo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo imikhumbi scuttled baba ikhadi yokuqala Sevastopol. Ngesikhathi kubusa amaSoviet lesikhumbuzo kwaba isithombe uwuphawu edolobheni. Ngo-2000, kwabonakala ku ifulege Sevastopol.

Zonke usuku olufanele for emzini wabhekana nezenzakalo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukukhululwa kwe izitembu zokuposa, amapuleti esiyisikhumbuzo esibonisa izindawo zomlando edolobheni. Isikhumbuzo Ugcwalise imikhumbi liyisici esidingekayo izingoma ezinjalo.

Njengoba liye wanquma ukusungula lesikhumbuzo

Ngo-1905, zonke eRussia ayegubha iminyaka engu-50 isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando zomlando, lapho sajanyiswa Sevastopol phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea. Ihamba lushone Isikhumbuzo, izithombe zazo okusesihlokweni esithi, kungubufakazi yenhlonipho abavikeli enesibindi edolobheni, kanye uphawu honours ekhethekile imikhumbi yaseRussia. Lokhu usuku olubalulekile, kanye netshe lesikhumbuzo lamiswao ukuze umlando Russia.


Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umqondo yokudala lesikhumbuzo enjalo uvele ekuqaleni kakhulu. Emuva 20 th esenzeka ekumeleleni Sevastopol , abahlanganyeli ezihlongozwayo wokukhumbula feat ofezwa amatilosi Russian. Bay lwemikhumbi lushone kuphrojekthi ye lesikhumbuzo of Mikeshina academician kungene isikhundla esikhulu. Kodwa kamuva kwanqunywa bazimisele ukumisa amatshe esikhumbuzo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene edolobheni, lapho yabambana ngezihluthu ngoba inkululeko yakhe, kanye nomqondo isikhumbuzo ezinkulu ukuze inkumbulo imikhumbi lushone kwaba ukhohliwe iminyaka eminingi.

Kuphela 1899, lapho laseRussia aqala ulungiselela ekugubheni amahlanu kusukela osukwini ekumeleleni Sevastopol, kwakubhekwa njengento futhi. Ngu 1901, kwakunabamemezeli amaphrojekthi amabili eyinhloko lesikhumbuzo, kodwa ukusihlola nokuvunywa wathunyelwa kuphela omunye wabo. Lesikhumbuzo, okwenziwe kule phrojekthi, futhi kuze kube namuhla ukhumbuza inzalo inkazimulo yangaphambili amatilosi Russian.

izenzakalo zomlando ezandulela ukufakwa lesikhumbuzo

Phakathi ngokuziphatha neMpi YaseCrimea Sevastopol kwadingeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa bazivikele Umphikisi eqinile. I abavikeli babekhuphukela ukudela noma yini, lapho idolobha bekulokhu khulula njalo.


Ukugcina umuzi kusukela ayehlasela isitha olwandle, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuvimba indlela yempi. Kuze kube yimanje, amatilosi yacwila ku fairway lokuqala eziyisikhombisa sailboats kuhlulekile. Ngemva iziphepho esindayo esasivunguza phezu kolwandle e-bay ekwindla kanye nobusika 1854, isithiyo of imikhumbi sase siphinde ukuqiniswa. Ngenxa yalesi, lapho kamuva Ugcwalise ezintathu ngaphezulu isitsha yomthengisi. Eziyishumi imikhumbi lushone kwakungamadodana zokuqala zokuzivikela.
Ngo-February 1855, kwenziwa isinqumo mayelana kucwila kokuchunyiswa izitsha eziyisithupha, okuyinto wadala umugqa zokuzivikela yesibili. Ngo-August wangonyaka efanayo imikhumbi asele yemikhumbi ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi. Ngokwezazi-mlando, wonke ezansi ethekwini wathunyelwa yempi 75 futhi 16 ukwesekwa. I nabasebenza yempi ithunyelwa ezweni, futhi wahlala khona isevisi nobuqhawe umuzi wobaba. Izithiyo adalwe amatilosi, ngokuvamile wathola amagama abo imikhumbi.

Lo muzi zingakwazi ukufunda amabutho esitha anamandla. indima Saving idlalwa njengengxenye umlilo olungeziwe kusuka ogwini we bay, futhi imikhumbi lushone. E Sevastopol ke bekulokhu ukuthi Ngalezo zikhathi ezinzima, hhayi kuphela abantu, kodwa ngisho nemikhumbi yemikhumbi waba nengxenye bevikela umuzi. Ngemizamo ahlangene isitha wakwazi ukumisa ngaphambi nje kokuba umnyango Sevastopol.

kwaba kanjani ngesinqumo mayelana emkhunjini ocwilayo

Izazi-mlando azikholelwa asinikeza impendulo ecacile kuze kube namuhla, uma kuziwa ngokunemba isinqumo. Ngezinye initiators ngesinqumo mayelana kucwila we mikhumbi yayingamamitha ardent bangi, abakholelwa ukuthi sidinga ukuletha imikhumbi kolwandle, ukuthatha lokulwa namanje ukunqoba noma ishabalale.


Isimo sangempela kwakusobala kangangokuthi ukunqoba impi evulekile akunakwenzeka. Isitha kuphakeme kakhulu ukuba ngoxhaxha Russian e inani lemikhumbi futhi imishini yabo, ubuhle lobuchwepheshe.

Ngemva kukhulunywe kangaka reflection ubuhlungu senziwa nesinqumo esinzima mayelana kucwila yemikhumbi. Ukudlula kwesikhathi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi umhlatshelo akubanga yize - Sevastopol awuzange elalihlala isitha. ngesenzo nobuqhawe amatilosi Russian ukuthi kuyancomeka ngomyalo ngoxhaxha Anglo-Franco-Turkish. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi uma hhayi lesi sinqumo okungavamile, lo kahle butho lesitha bezingeke neze zibe nzima ukuze lizuze abantu Russian.

Abadali lesikhumbuzo

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze imikhumbi Ugcwalise e Sevastopol, kule nguqulo esisibona namuhla, ukuthi lwenziwe Yihhovisi umqophi Amanda Ivanovich Adamson, wezakhiwo Valentin Avgustovich Feldman futhi unjiniyela Oscar Ivanovich Enberg. Laba bantu abhekwa nabaxhasi eyinhloko lesikhumbuzo.

O. I. Enberg ukusikisela umqondo ukwakha lesikhumbuzo ayikho ezweni nasolwandle lokho kuyoba yisinqumo sokuqala futhi ezingalindelekile. It wemukelwa eziningana co-abalobi yephrojekthi, kanye bantu eliphakeme eNkantolo.

V. A. Feldman ngenxa umsebenzi amazwana etholakele amalungu ikomiti ekhethekile, esikhundleni insika square ku round wanikela ukuyifaka ku-rock yokufakelwa athé kolwandle. AI Adamson sezempi ukuba sizosebenza phezu kwetshe lesikhumbuzo isivele wokwenziwa kweengaba zokugcina ukwakhiwa yayo. Recognized njengokaputeni art omkhulukazi, wenza banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ekwakheni lesikhumbuzo ukuze inqubo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi yilo lonke ithimba lokudala ukuthi wadala lesikhumbuzo ukuze imikhumbi Ugcwalise e Sevastopol babegqoka inqwaba abaculi abanamakhono, Okugweda, onjiniyela, kanye nabantu abavamile owenza nemibono amakhosi ayibonwa.

Igama lesikhumbuzo

Kuwo wonke umlando saba khona, lesikhumbuzo ayenamagama ezahlukene 15. Ezinye zazo ziye kubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni, kuyilapho abanye yayenziwa abantu babaziwa ngokuthi ehlukile.


Ukwakhiwa Commission, wanikela phezu kwetshe lesikhumbuzo komuzi, ngokuthi ukuba enze izinto njengedemoni emkhunjini ocwilayo lesikhumbuzo. Ngo-1914, umqondisi zomlando yanyatheliswa, echaza yonke eCrimea. Isikhumbuzo emikhunjini Ugcwalise selivele liyavela ukushicilelwa ngaphansi lelo gama, okuyinto namuhla eyaziwa. Namuhla yigama lesikhumbuzo yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi futhi kubhekwa efaneleka kakhulu.

Kanjani ukwakheka

Kusukela emanzini angasogwini off the Primorsky Boulevard at ibanga ngamamitha ayishumi kusukela ogwini liphuma yokufakelwa idwala eliyigwadle. ukuphakama Its 9 amamitha. Liyophuma nenhle imitha nesikhombisa umbhoshongo, okuyinto amaHubo bugcizelelwa capitals laseKorinte. Bronze ukhozi double, ogibele phezulu ikholomu waphenduka maqondana kolwandle. Yena ubambe ngoqhwaku esiqinile futhi umqhele omuhle laurel kwesihlahla se-okhi amahlamvu, behlose behlisele emanzini ngaleyo ndlela bazohlonipha imikhumbi alahlekile.

Ku-isinyathelo octagonal of lesikhumbuzo kukhona umbhalo: "Ngo-inkumbulo lwemikhumbi acwiliswe e 1854-1855. ukungena izithiyo ukuze kuhlasela. " On the bas-imifanekiso ebhekene ezixukwini, nge izigcawu lokulwa imikhumbi ocwilayo. Ngesikhathi ipuleti, ungakwazi ukubuka ibalazwe Sevastopol Bay nemikhumbi kucwila umugqa.
Kusukela elwandle kuze kube lesikhumbuzo ekuqaleni isananyathiselwe insika zethusi athé amanzi. Okwamanje, lesi sici sokuqanjwa kulahleka.
imikhumbi lushone e Sevastopol badunyiswa futhi ukhunjulwa ngokuthi heroes yangempela. Leli qiniso waphinda kuqinisekisa umbono wokuba khona i imikhumbi indissoluble futhi edolobheni.

labadubuli odongeni

Indawo lapho kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo imikhumbi Ugcwalise e Sevastopol, Ingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi ingqopha-mlando. Ngo-November 1905, lapha lalingesinye yesehlakalo esibuhlungu. Ogwini odongeni badutshulwe amatilosi file nga impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov". Bakhandwa wawajezisa kanzima iziphathimandla lokukhulisa isiphithiphithi.

Udonga, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo kubulawa zabantu, iseduze indawo lapho inzalo khumbula imikhumbi lushone. Ngo eCrimea walolu donga ubizwa ngokuthi labadubuli. Ngezenzakalo esidabukisayo ukukhumbuza -plaque kanye amahange kuchazwe lapha, ukuthi baye bakhuliswa ne weqembu lemikhumbi enezikhukhula.

Isiphetho imikhumbi lushone

imikhumbi Ugcwalise benza Sevastopol bay langakufanelekela navigation. Yingakho kwanqunywa ukuba kuhlanzwe fairway. Umsebenzi waqala ngo-1857. Eminyakeni emibili ezayo, omningi walo izinkantolo uvusiwe kwamanzi. Ezinye zazo ephethwe ukululama, kodwa abaningi baya e-kulahlwe. Yokuhlanza ethekwini kusukela izinsalela imikhumbi lushone kwaqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi.

Ukwakheka zokuhlobisa emvula odongeni, esemgwaqweni okuphambene lesikhumbuzo ukuze imikhumbi scuttled, wasebenzisa amahange ubudala ezaphakama kusukela phansi bay. Photo imikhumbi lushone e Sevastopol Awekho iminyuziyamu, kodwa kukhona imidwebo ngabaculi Russian angaphandle, lapho ngalezo zinsuku eziwusizi kuboniswe. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi kungaba ngezinga elikhulu qiniseko yokwakha umlando.

Isikhumbuzo nesikhathi

Abangaphezu kwekhulu iminyaka liphuma ngasogwini Primorsky Boulevard ikholomu lesikhumbuzo. ubunzima obuningi ishanelwe ngaleso sikhathi - ukuzamazama komhlaba, iziphepho, izimpi. Kodwa kuzo zonke izilingo lesikhumbuzo ngasinda ngodumo.

Ihamba lushone Isikhumbuzo, izithombe nendwangu okuyinto okusesihlokweni esithi, alilimalanga ngisho ngesikhathi iMpi Enkulu Patriotic, okuyinto Eqinisweni isimanga. Ngempela, lezo zindawo lapho kukhona lesikhumbuzo, yabambana ngezihluthu. Isikhumbuzo iyabonakala kalula kusukela imibono ehlukene, njengoba kufakazelwa izithombe eziningi we lesikhumbuzo.

Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi wayesho ngokuphindaphindiwe ukubuyisela. umsebenzi Special kwenziwa ngo-1951, 1955-1959. Ngo-1989 no-2003, futhi, kwaba njengoba kuvuselelwa izingxenye lesikhumbuzo.

I ezikhangayo Sevastopol bay

Ngo nenkathi le Boulevard ngasolwandle nge lesikhumbuzo ukuze imikhumbi scuttled - lokhu ingenye yezindawo ematasa kunazo zonke e Sevastopol. Amakhulu izivakashi kanye bendawo ukuza lapha nsuku zonke.

Yezimo abhekene le aqala mcabango ukuthi ukwakheka, wadala behlonipha enkazimulweni nesibindi Russian Navy, has a umlingo okhethekile, bakwazi ezibhekene ngophezu kwezitha, amandla amnyama. Mhlawumbe kungenxa lapha futhi ikhanga amakhulu abantu.

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