Imikhumbi - bangaki kubo ezansi izilwandle nasolwandle? Yini izimfihlo baye nabo?

Phansi ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle ahehe njalo ososayensi, izazi-mlando nezingqapheli bamazwe. Ucwaningo elihlobene ne ingozi enkulu, kodwa ungafuni ukuba babe ngezizathu ezingathí ngempela kuyaqondakala. Ekujuleni kolwandle bengayiqondi ngokugcwele, kugcina eziningi izimfihlo. Ososayensi bakhangwa kungenzeka ucwaningo zomlando, ngoba lonke ugu uye washintsha njengoba izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kodwa iningi ehilela imikhumbi. izitsha Marine Ngishoné kusukela kumuntu wokuqala ukuya olwandle, futhi manje, ngokusho kombiko wezazi UN, abo abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu.

Yonke imizamo zingene izimfihlo lwemikhumbi lushone ezihlobene nezinjongo ezahlukene. Ososayensi nezazi-mlando bakhangwa ifa ngemivubukulo kanye ukuphenywa kokuphulwa izimbangela yengozi, ngoba inkantolo aminzisa aboshelwe izizathu ezingafani nhlobo. Kunemizamo eminingi ukuthola imikhumbi ogwini elihlobene ne eziwubala yokusesha amagugu ababeya zithutha. Ikakhulukazi nesithakazelo esinjalo ukuhlaselwa izikhathi abacwaningi pirate, nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezempi. Kulapho ulwandle nolwandle phansi ithole igolide, nesiliva, izitsha zobumba nezinye izinto eziyigugu.

usesho elikhangayo

Ubunjalo bomuntu kangangokuthi amaphupho kungathatha isikhathi eside. Othile ngisho uzama ziphile. Futhi abantu abaningi bakhetha ukuba uthole, futhi sithole le ngcebo yengcebo. Yayingeke kubonakale letinyenti tebuciko nemasiko. Kwemikhumbi iyavela adventure netindzaba, ethandwa isayensi izihloko kanye internet namabhulogi, izinhlelo zethelevishini zemfundo futhi ngisho imidlalo yama-computer noma kwamanye amadivaysi digital. abantu yesimanje Ikakhulukazi bakhangwa ithuba sengathi umzingeli umcebo, ehlezi ekhaya phambi qapha. Ukuphuthuma iwukuhlola imikhumbi lushone e ArcheAge labo uvuke izimfanelo ezifana isifiso sokuvelela nangokuzimisela, ngemuva kokubona engcebweni ezilahlekile Spanish squadrons amafilimu. Enikezwa game wonke amathuba salokhu.

Olwandle Caribbean

Uma sikhuluma coast American, indaba imikhumbi lushone uzoqala kusukela ngo-1492. Kwaba hambo lokuqala Columbus, owacwila iwuhlelo "Santa Maria,". Lo mkhumbi engakaze etholakele, nakuba indawo eseduze sokonakala waziwa. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva isihloli efanayo lost naseCaribbean amabili umkhumbi wakhe.

Ngemva kokutholakala Melika , ngenkathi ukuthekelisa egolide Izwe Elidala, futhi obona konke lamboza ekujuleni kolwandle kaningi. galleons iSpanishi, ephelezelwa iloli liphelezelwe abezempi, abazange bahlale bakwazi ukuphuma Pirates noma imikhumbi Spain izitha. Nabaphikisi main babe eNgilandi, eFrance, ePortugal naseNetherlands. AbaseSpain abazange baqhubeke izikweletu: bazama ukucwila noma uthwebule amayunithi abaningi yemikhumbi isitha. Kungakabiphi, ingcebo eningi imikhumbi lushone kwenkathi ingakamiswa abatholakali, futhi elinezihlahla eziningi kangaka ebezilokhu kuphela ukufuthelana isithakazelo abazingeli.

Emathuna lwemikhumbi - Baltic Sea

Phansi khona oLwandle iBaltic ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi emathuneni imikhumbi - kukhona sacwilisa imikhumbi eminingi izakhiwo zobudala obuhlukene. Mayelana amabili awo ayekwazi ukuthola abatshuzi ezivamile - ingahlakaniphile imikhumbi angcwatshwe. Abaningi babo ezigcinwe kahle, abacwaningi bathi, ngenxa yezinga lokushisa ongaphakeme futhi usawoti ongaphakeme. Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke umkhumbi lushone lakhiwa Ephakathi.

Kwatholakala, umdlandla imikhumbi uhlezi phansi, bukhulu kangangokuthi JSC "Marine Technology" Kwaqalwa kwakhiwa uhlobo Atlas futhi ikhathalogu umkhumbi. Loluhlu nabo bebekhona izinhlobo ezinjalo imishini efana ezindizeni, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, kanye nabanye. Nakuba izifundo abazenzi kulo oLwandle iBaltic, ukunakwa kakhulu ikhokhelwa amanzi, okungokwendlela Insimu Russian Federation.

I "Izimfihlo imikhumbi lushone"

Le phrojekthi yaqalwa ngo-2002. Kuyingxenye omunye imibono emikhulu - "Maritime Heritage of Russia." Umdidiyeli omkhulu we "Izimfihlo imikhumbi lushone" kwaba Ilya Kochorov futhi umqondisi ngokwesayensi - Andrey Lukoshkov. Into eyinhloko cwaningo yiyona Baltic Sea, kukhona iGulf of Finland, Lake Ladoga, Lake Peipsi futhi Lake Onega.

Abahlanganyeli ziyizitsha izinjongo ezihlukahlukene - ukuthi ukuhweba futhi imikhumbi yezempi. Ingabe umbuzo ukuhlonza wathola amathambo, ubuzwe babo, ukubaluleka umlando nemivubukulo, kanye yokuqinisekisa ukuthi singobani abantu owathola ukufa kwabo ngesikhathi le ngozi.

Eviyweni ihlelwe iphrojekthi, imikhumbi ezifana zasolwandle izikhathi armored eziye zatholakala Finnish iMpi, kokufika izikebhe, ezincane ukuzingela imikhumbi zempi.

Ulwandle akathandi abantu ongabazi

Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho yophenyo nokuziphatha imisebenzi yezempi noma ezobunhloli ukujula awazange kuphela esetshenziswa emikhunjini - ngwenya elibizwa ngokuthi ezakhiwe izabelo ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa kwezilwandle aqine aqaphe izimfihlo zabo, ngakho kukhona imikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi. Esikhathini kusuka 1955 kuze 2014, unyaka we-ngwenya yenuzi eziyisishiyagalombili aziwayo lushone, ezimbili elalingelamaFilisti Russia. Inombolo udizili eduze ikhulu.

I imikhumbi edume kakhulu futhi izimfihlo zabo

Lo mkhumbi edume kakhulu (mhlawumbe enkulu) iyona "Titanic." Futhi nakuba version olusemthethweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhumbi ishayisane yeqhwa zashona phansi, hhayi wonke umuntu akholwe. Okokuqala, ngoba kukhona ongaqinisekile amaningi kakhulu ezisele ngemuva umkhumbi uphenyo. "Titan" odlale indima isibikezelo kokufa umbhali kule noveli.

Uma sikhuluma umcebo enkulu lushone, ungabiza umkhumbi Nuestra Señora de Atocha, acwiliswe ngekhulu le-17. Lo mkhumbi ibithwele ngomnotho etholwe kuyi-Nguqulo Yezwe. Ngesikhathi lapho kuphahlazeka umkhumbi i ku ulindele babe amathani emeralds, igolide nesiliva. Lengcebo eyayidingeka ukuze le nkosi iSpanishi, hhayi kuphela ubuyise yengcebo, kodwa futhi ngoba umshado wakhe (nengoduso yakhe ukubeka isimo - sokubutha amagugu amahle kakhulu ezikhona emhlabeni). Nakuba le ngozi wayaziwa - izixhobo eduze nogu of Florida, wakwazi ukuthola kuphela ekhulwini lama-20.

Imikhumbi ukuthi azikakutholi, kukhona uhlobo Luhambo hhayi kuphela ososayensi kodwa abathandi of kokucetshiswa okusheshayo. Ngakho cishe bengcono kakhulu ukuthi ulwandle igcina izimfihlakalo zayo.