Isiko Legal: umqondo, izici, futhi izici ezinomthelela lasungulwa. Legal Culture Umphakathi

Enye yezinkinga kunazo ukuphokophela ebhekene kunoma isiphi isimo - isiko wezomthetho ubuntu, ngoba kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ekuthuthukiseni jikelele somphakathi lonke isimo. Yilesi isisekelo theory ka isimo futhi kwenza nezinye izinhlobo isiko lomthetho:

- yenkolo;

- zezombusazwe;

- emphakathini.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu emphakathini zilawulwa yimithetho. isiko Legal kubonakala zabasebenzi, abantu kanye nomphakathi, amaqembu professional, yobuhlanga nezinye zokwakheka nomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, sesifunda ngamunye kubalulekile kakhulu ukufunda okuyisisekelo namalungelo ezakhamuzi zayo njalo, njengoba lokhu kuyinto ukubaluleka eliyisisekelo sokuthuthukisa umphakathi agcwele.

amagama

Isiko, ethathwa kanjalo - ke kuba intuthuko ekutfutfukiseni bantfu, okuyinto ayinqunywa izici ezibonakalayo, nangokomoya. Lezi izinkomba ukuthi abantu babe amakhulu eminyaka yokuphila kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila lapho izimo ophilayo, okungukuthi, ukuba ngcono izinhlobo ukhona.

isiko Legal - ipumelelo isintu ukuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane futhi isimo, e ukwakheka amalungelo nenkululeko zonke izakhamuzi. Iyingxenye ebalulekile ubuqotho jikelele yomoya womphakathi.

Izinhlobo isiko lomthetho

Ukwabela 3 uhlobo lwayo, kuye ngokuthi abezindaba:

- isiko umphakathi;

- isiko iqembu ahlukene;

- isiko wezomthetho ubuntu.

Ake sixoxe ngayinye ngokwehlukana.

umphakathi namasiko

Lokhu isimiso amagugu, zanqwabelana abantu emphakathini ethile. izakhi ababamele:

- umkhuba komthetho kuleli zwe;

- ukuhambisana nomthetho nokuhleleka;

- ezingeni jikelele yobulungisa;

- lonke uhlaka lomthetho kanye nabanye.

iqembu namasiko

Ochwepheshe abaningi emkhakheni Umthetho owenqabela ukwabiwa amaphuzu e ngezigaba, ukukhethwa kabanzi njengendlela zinhlobo ehlukile, ngoba libhekene zonke izici ukuthi kukhona esivela isiko wezomthetho umphakathi. I yagxila isiko wezomthetho eqenjini - ke kokubili umuntu ngamunye yakha ubuhlobo babo eqenjini elithile, phakathi abangane noma emsebenzini.

isiko ubuntu

isiko wezomthetho ubuntu - lisezingeni elinjani ukuthuthukiswa zomthetho, komphakathi kanye nemfundo yonke isakhamuzi yezwe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izakhamuzi ngafunda futhi ukuthi asetshenziswe kanjani esimweni esingokoqobo. Izici:

- ekwazisa futhi ekubumbeni ukuvuthwa wezomthetho ngamunye;

- ukuguqulwa lwati lolutfolakele umkhuba nokuziphatha;

- ukuzimisela umuntu ngamunye ukwenza ngokuhambisana esungulwe kwezinkambiso zomthetho;

- ikhono baphakamise emalungelo ato uma i-.

The main focus - akusiyo kuphela ulwazi iziqondiso ezingokomthetho, kodwa futhi ukusetshenziswa ulwazi practice, futhi njalo. ubudlelwane Legal nezinye izifundo komthetho, imvelo kufanele yakhiwe kuphela ecabanga ngokugcinwa imithetho.

Imininingwane yalolu isiko wezomthetho ubuntu

Noma yimuphi isiko - ngokuyinhloko isifiso sokuba nezinto eziningi ngendlela eziphucuzekile ukuphila, okwandisa izindinganiso ezingokomoya, kokuziphatha, nabanengqondo futhi ngokwengqondo ubuntu ngabanye kanye nomphakathi jikelele. isiko wezomthetho ubuntu - akuyona kuphela kuvisisa lomthetho futhi izinqubo, kodwa futhi mkhosi esiqinile yomthetho. Kulokhu, ukuziphatha komuntu akufanele njalo zishukunyiswa abezomthetho, akhiwa amazinga umphakathi kufanele ukujwayelana ukuba ilunga ngalinye.

Lokhu okulandelayo izici isiko wezomthetho ubuntu. Ziyakwazi ezintathu, futhi bonke ezibalulekile. Ngakho lokhu:

- ulwazi omthetho, hhayi kuphela theory kodwa ngokoqobo kolwazi practice, ngokuvumelana nemithetho;

- lo mkhuba, ngokunembe kakhudlwana, kwakhiwe ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu umthetho, yini okufanele ulandelwe ekuziphatheni esisemthethweni futhi elalela umthetho;

- ikhono lomunye umuntu ukuze bakwenze ulwazi lwabo emkhakheni komthetho, ikhono ukuvikela amalungelo abo kanye nenkululeko, ngaphandle lokwephula umthetho.

nomuzwa wobulungisa

Nomuzwa wobulungisa - kuyinto isixhumanisi inextricable phakathi umphakathi, ngamunye kanye isiko lomthetho. Ukuhlolwa kanye nokugxeka, izifiso kanye okulindelwe endaweni ethile yomthetho, ukugcwaliseka imisebenzi yomphakathi. Isiko ngokugcwele esekelwe ukwazi zomthetho, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

ukuqwashisa Legal - uhlobo ukucabanga zomthetho, okungukuthi, kungenzeka umuntu ukunquma indawo yabo "izwe" ilungelo lokukhetha umugqa zabo zokuziphatha.

Imisebenzi yobulungisa

1. yezengqondo. Lokhu nokuqaphela imiphumela womuntu kanye wezomthetho ubudlelwane zomthetho jikelele.

2. Ukuhlolwa. Kuyinto kumiswa imibono mayelana nomthetho kanye nomqondo umkhakha wezomthetho. Ngesisekelo lezi imibono umuntu ngamunye yakha isimo sakhe sengqondo esiphambene noma omuhle nezindinganiso ezithile futhi lokugcina umthetho wonke.

3. Wokulawula. Kuyinto ukuqonda ngokuphelele futhi ukwakha imodeli yokuziphatha ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje.

Kumiswa isiko lomthetho

Umthetho kuphela azuzwe emphakathini lapho umqondo athuthukile kakhulu ubulungisa, ngakho omunye imisebenzi esemqoka wanoma yimuphi uhulumeni - imfundo balandise ngezenzo zabo kwizakhamizi. Lokho ukukhulisa isiko lomthetho - ingenye izinyathelo esebenza kakhulu yokuvimbela ukutheleleka ubuhlongandlebe nobugebengu.

imfundo Legal kuhlanganisa ukusebenza ngendlela ehlelekile phezu ngiqaphele abantu, nokwakha isiko lokuphatha ukuziphatha njalo lomphakathi. Futhi kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

1. ukuqeqeshwa Yomthetho. Ingqikithi yalo ndlela ukuwudlulisela zonke izakhamuzi zonke ulwazi zanqwabelana umphakathi emkhakheni ubudlelwane zomthetho. Fundisa umuntu ngamunye ukuthi avikele amalungelo abo, ukuba ayiyeke le umthetho, ukwakha isimo sengqondo esiqondile ekufezeni umthetho. Ngokwemvelo, isakhamuzi ngasinye kumele kube indlela ngamunye. Ukuqeqeshwa iqhutshwa ezikoleni, ezikoleni zamabanga kanye eliphezulu, izinkulumo kanye nezingxoxo.

2. nokumela Legal kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa imfundo. Othile izohlonipha imithetho kuphela ngesisekelo ukuthi unakho nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi umthetho kanye nomthetho. Ngamanye ubuntu wobulungisa kubalulekile ukufundisa ngokuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa izinkulumo kanye nemicimbi ekhethekile yokukhangisa. Ngokwemvelo, asidingeki zonke izakhamuzi imithetho ulwazi ezingeni nommeli ongumakad 'ebona, kodwa izisekelo kufanele bazi ngamunye.

3. Practice Yomthetho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singakanani uhulumeni okuchitha ze imfundo, ukuqwashisa kwezakhamuzi zayo, ngaphandle operation evamile izinkantolo, abashushisi komthetho izikhulu isiko wezomthetho umphakathi zibe khona isimo. Noma yisiphi isakhamuzi uyokwenza okufanayo njengoba isakhiwo zomthetho kanye nokubusa. Uma izikhulu ukugwema kuya ngomthetho, khona izakhamuzi izozama ukusebenza nxazonke.

umkhuba Legal isizinda isimo ubulungiswa - iyona ukuqedwa ubushiqela nokufumbathisa.

4. Self-imfundo. Hhayi indawo yokugcina self-imfundo. Uma isakhamuzi uyabona ukuthi kufanele ulandele umthetho, ukubhekana amazinga ekuphumeni imfundo, kuba zokuvimbela olukhulu imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Lo mugqa zokuziphatha kufanele ihambisane hhayi kuphela nabezomthetho, kodwa futhi zonke izakhamuzi zezwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka izici ezokuhlalisana namasiko "ngcono" umphakathi - lena isiko wezomthetho ubuntu. Izimo letitsintsa ukwakheka isiko:

- ukuqedwa isimiso 'konke kungenzeka, ukuthi akungqubuzani ";

- ukwandisa efaneleyo izikhulu zikahulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga;

- ukusebenza nokusebenzisa umthetho yomthethosisekelo - ngomthetho;

- ekhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle hhayi kuphela ngokusebenzisa ingajezisa izinyathelo umthelela izaphula-mthetho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhamuzi kufanele aqonde ukuthi zonke izikhungo zomthetho kanye civil ahloselwe kwamalungelo abo kanye nokuvikelwa yabo. Futhi lena umthwalo ngqo isimo.

Komphakathi lomuntu emkhakheni umthetho

izindleko Okokugcina futhi komphakathi esemthethweni ngabanye. Komphakathi ngaphakathi ifilosofi kanye psychology ibhekwa njengevela kumiswa ubuntu, ukuthuthukiswa kanye kumiswa okushiwo yezenhlalakahle zonke isakhamuzi. komphakathi Legal - ingenye yezingxenye ngazinye komphakathi jikelele.

Izingxenye isiko lomthetho futhi komphakathi ezisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

- kumiswa ubuhlobo ubuntu abanye abantu;

- ukuziphatha izakhamuzi ngokuvamile emphakathini nokuxhumana kwalo isimo;

- sengqondo yena.

Ukuze ukwakheka komphakathi lomthetho sidinga ukuhlaziywa njalo, hhayi kuphela izici ezinhle. Kubalulekile ukuthi noma izingxenye ilungelo abe nomthelela omubi ungubani komuntu. Kungase kungabi ekwakhiweni olunembile kwezinkambiso ezithile umthetho, izenzo eziphikisanayo, kushuba ivolumu acquis. Konke lokhu kungaholela yokuthi umuntu uqala imisebenzi 'idla yodwa, kwezinye izimo, ungaya kuze kufike nezibhelu. Khona-ke kwenzeka ukuthi komphakathi kanye nomuzwa wobulungisa - lokhu akulona sivamile amalungu omphakathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho kokuphuma ubugebengu nokungalaleli.

Ekusebenteni, isimo ubophekile ukuba ngokuqhubekayo ubuyekeze izingxenye nezindinganiso isimo senhlalo, ukujwayela ukuba ezingokoqobo samanje, futhi alwela ukwakha intando yeningi emphakathini nazo zonke izimpawu lwesintu futhi ubulungisa.

ukuziphatha okuhle: umqondo, izici, izinhlobo

ukuziphatha okuhle luthathwe kanjalo, oluthobelana ngokugcwele ezamukelwayo emphakathini ethile. Kufanele evunywe wonke amalungu omphakathi futhi kube emphakathini ewusizo. Ake sizame ukuhlukanisa phakathi iyasiza futhi semthethweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ngeke ukwazi ukuya kuma-poll - lena ngempela esisemthethweni, kodwa nanzuzo yalutho umphakathi.

Izimpawu semthethweni yezenzo

1. Ngaphandle, ukuziphatha lubonakala ngezenzo noma ukweqiwa, into esemqoka - ukuthi kwaba ngaphansi kohlaka okuvunyelwa.

2. Behavior ngokomthetho ofanele, okungukuthi akuhileli nemiphumela yezomthetho.

3. Igqoka uhlamvu bayazi.

4. Isimo kuyakhuthazwa ngokuvumela namazinga nokuqinisekisa.

Ngokusho ukubaluleka komphakathi yokuziphatha okuhle kungaba:

• adingekayo ukuze nomphakathi wonkana (isibonelo, isidingo sebuthweni);
• othandeakayo isimo (isib, ucwaningo);
• elivumelekile, okungukuthi, ukuthi ezingasetshenziswa futhi wagwetshelwa amalungu omphakathi, kodwa kwamukelekile ngokuvumelana nemithetho umthetho (isib, umsebenzi nemiphakathi yenkolo).

ukuziphatha okuhle libhekwa futhi esekelwe ikhomishana izenzo:

1. ukuziphatha Socio-asebenzayo - kunezenzo ngabanye, eqondana ngokuphelele kuyinsakavukela komthetho. amalungelo Into yazi kahle nobheka Umthetho okhona nokuhleleka.

2. conformist. Lesi senzo we yisakhamuzi, hhayi ngokusekelwe izinkolelo zomuntu siqu, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi "bonke akunjalo?".

3. Ukuziphatha onganakiwe. It libhekene iqiniso lokuthi umuntu kufanele kube nezidingo kwezinkambiso ekhona kuphela esongelwa noma kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Njengoba nje isilawuli laxative ngumbuso, ukuziphatha abekelwe emaceleni kuba ngokushesha obuhlukile futhi okungekho emthethweni.

isiko Civil futhi zomthetho: izici ezibangela ubunye

Yiqiniso, isiko lomthetho - kuyinto mkhuba multilayered futhi abalulekile. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle isiko civil. isiko Civil futhi wezomthetho oyedwa atehlukaniseki futhi ngeke kube khona kungekho nomunye.

isiko Civic - ikhwalithi umuntu, okubandakanya ukuhlonipha abanye, uthando ezweni, ukubekezelelana bezinye izinhlanga nezinkolo ezahlukahlukene. kuhilele ecaleni elimayelana nezakhamuzi ngokwayo akulutho umphumela imfundo emkhakheni wezomthetho, zezombangazwe nezokuziphatha. Basics of namasiko nezomphakathi ifakwa kanjani emndenini futhi izikole. Esikoleni, izingane ukufunda izisekelo isimo kanye nomthetho, uhlaka lokubusa, ukwakheka iziphathimandla, amalungelo nemisebenzi kwezakhamizi nohulumeni. Ngo ukwakheka okubhekene zomthetho futhi kubaluleke kakhulu futhi umndeni kusuka umbono womphakathi kanye nezimo zengqondo kwabazali nezingane engaphansi ezihlobene umphakathi.

Kuze kube manje, hhayi wonke amazwe ungakwazi ngiziqhayise okungenani isilinganiso ezingeni isiko lomthetho sabantu, futhi abaningi non-akukho isiko wezomthetho umphakathi, njengoba kufakazelwa ezingeni eliphezulu lobulelesi. Njengomthetho, udaba bikho kokufinyelela iziqondiso, ukukhuthazwa abampofu kanye nokuntuleka pheze ephelele ukuzimisela kukahulumeni ukuba ayinyuse isiko zezakhamizi kanye zomthetho, ukubandakanya abantu emisebenzini yokushaya imithetho.