Isizukulwane sesibili lwamakhompyutha - kwathatha transistors

Isizukulwane lwamakhompyutha yesibili kwaba ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso sigaba base Transistor isici futhi kwasho ukuvela kwezindaba minicomputers kuqala.

Kuyinto sathuthukisa yokuzimela isimiso - nokuqaliswa kwalo kakade eyenziwa amadivayisi ahlukene, njengoba kubonakala isakhiwo sabo Modular. Idivayisi yokufakwayo-okukhipha anemisila CU yabo ngokuthi abalawuli, okwenza kube nokwenzeka yokukhululwa Central CU ngu manipulation okokufaka-okukhipha imisebenzi.

Isizukulwane lwamakhompyutha indawo cleaner amashubhu wesibili eze transistors, kanye kuqalwe kusetshenziswe ama-cores kazibuthe kanye reels amadivayisi inkumbulo, okuyizinto amadlozi ezikude hard disk oshayelayo lanamuhla. Ngenxa zonke lezi ezintsha kakhulu ukunqinda futhi izindleko amakhompyutha.

Yesimanje nokwehlisa amanani balesi sizukulwane lwamakhompyutha nomthelela ukwehla izindleko iyunithi Computing izinsiza kanye Computing isikhathi izindleko ingqikithi okuzenzakalelayo umsebenzi ngokucubungula ulwazi. Nokho, intengo kwentuthuko yohlelo lokusebenza (izinhlelo) cishe abuzange bunciphe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho anda. Ngakho, kukhona ukuthambekela izinhlelo ngempumelelo, eyayibonakala ukusebenza kule khompyutha isizukulwane sesibili futhi ziyaqhubeka ziphenduke kuze kube namuhla.

Banikezwe isiqalo ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa imitapo kwezicelo standard, izinhlelo ehlangene, ezithinta impahla ukusebenza amakhompyutha lemikhiqizo ezehlukene. Imikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu software sisodwa kule RFP ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga isigaba esithile.

It kuzoba ngcono ubuchwepheshe ukukhishwa imikhiqizo software isizukulwane lwamakhompyutha yesibili: kukhona isofthiwe ekhethekile - isofthiwe yohlelo.

Injongo ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo isofthiwe iwukuba lula futhi ukusheshisa processor ushintsha phakathi imisebenzi. Ukuba lokuqala batch processing izinhlelo, isicelo ngokuzenzakalela kwethulwa kwesinye aye anda Coefficient processor umthwalo. batch processing izinhlelo babé prototype amasistimu yokusebenza lanamuhla, babengabokuqala kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu yokuqala zenzelwe ukulawula izinqubo ikhompyutha.

Ngesikhathi lapho wadala batch processing uhlelo, ukuthuthukiswa semthethweni ukulawula umsebenzi ulimi iye yenziwa, lapho unjiniyela ucacise uhlelo kanye umhlinzeki ukusebenza afuna ukwenza kukhompyutha. imisebenzi eminingi ndawonye ngendlela emphemeni of amakhadi ngesibhakela seyaziwa ngokuthi izabelo iphakethe. Lo msuka uyaqhubeka okumele asetshenziswe futhi manje: okuthiwa batch (batch) amafayela MS DOS amaphakethe imisebenzi (igama isandiso yabo nelulwane liyisifushaniso segama igama lesiNgisi elithi "batch", okusho ukuthi "iphakethe"). Ukuze amakhompyutha kwesizukulwane sama ukuthuthukiswa production ezifuywayo yesibili zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo: ". Ukuthula" "Promin", "Hrazdan", "Minsk",