Isofthiwe: izici eziyisisekelo, ukusetshenziswa

Njengoba sekuzoqala ubuchwepheshe bama-computer umqondo izilimi izinhlelo yazibonakalisa wadala ngosizo lwabo umyalo ukulandelanisa, eyaziwa kamuva ngokuthi izicelo. Empeleni, lokhu imikhiqizo software (lolu hlelo). Amazwi, uma sinikwa iqoqo imiyalo ikuvumela ukuba senze umsebenzi othile noma ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngcondvomshini iyonke. Yiziphi?

isofthiwe: ngezigaba eyisisekelo

Ithi ngesikhathi esisodwa: ngeke singene wilds computer, futhi uzame ukuqonda lokho nokuthi iziphi lolu hlelo, uma singakubeka kanjalo, ngolimi olulula.

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izinhlobo eziningana isofthiwe ngezigaba, noma isofthiwe. Phakathi izinhlobo ezinkulu ukukhululwa:

• isofthiwe uhlelo;
• isofthiwe isicelo.

Ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlu zihlanganisa futhi amathuluzi ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokuphathwa ngendlela amathuluzi akhethekile, kodwa, ngokuziphonsa Imvamisa yabo akunakubangelwa kuphela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu.

Izinhlobo imikhiqizo software ukusetshenziswa

Kunenye ngezigaba, kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo isofthiwe ngokuvumelana uhlobo amalungelo ukufinyelela kanye nezindleko. Loku kungafaka phakathi imiqondo elandelako:

• nokuphathelene isofthiwe ayitholwa Uma kwenzeka umnikazi welungelo, esinikela kuphela ilungelo lokufaka nokusebenzisa, kuyilapho esaziwa amalungelo empahla;
• commercial (ikhokhwe) isofthiwe kuhilela ukuthenga umkhiqizo software ilayisensi esemthethweni;
• shareware (the shareware), angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esithile (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-30), emva kwalokho kumelwe uthenge ilayisensi noma ukubhalisa umkhiqizo;
• khulula (freeware) isofthiwe - izinhlelo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza angadingi ilayisense noma inkokhelo;
• isofthiwe mahhala nge umthombo ovulekile (ilayisensi GNU) ukuthi ubani Ungashintsha noma guqula ngokuzikhethela kwayo.

Manje cabanga ezinye izinhlobo wonke amaphakheji software izicelo uhlobo unit ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.

Firmware Software

Lolu hlobo lwe-software libhekisela izingxenye uhlelo. Ngamanye amazwi, lokho kuchaza ukuthi ungqimba base ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhompyutha (kusistimu yokusebenza noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe) isofthiwe imvelo.

Namuhla bebizwa abashayeli - izinhlelo ezincane esidalelwe ingxenye isofthiwe kohlelo computer yekubona isebenze kahle noma yiziphi 'nensimbi' ingxenye. Njengomthetho, wonke amasethingi zigcinwa kucezu okhethekileko umbadlana, okuyinto ine siqu yayo isofthiwe imvelo, ngokuthi i-BIOS. Futhi akusiyo kuphela BIOS ilondoloza izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo 'nensimbi', kodwa futhi ukuxilonga lapho uvula computer (uma ikhona izingxabano noma ukwehluleka kutholwa, unikezwa ibhiphu ejwayelekile olulodwa uma uqala ikhompyutha yakho ngokusebenzisa isikhulumi PC).

wokusebenza

Mhlawumbe asikho isidingo ukusho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza ingxenye enkulu isofthiwe, ekuxhumaneni phakathi computer futhi umsebenzisi. ukukhuluma Cishe, lolu hlobo ungqimba, sibonga interface ezinga umsebenzisi uthola ukufinyelela imisebenzi ezahlukene imisebenzi ethize kohlelo kanye nokusentshenziswa kwe izicelo usebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile futhi ezingeni.

Kuze kube manje, bayazi impela eningi, futhi akubona bonke abavela ku alinganayo. Iningi a isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza, kodwa kukhona ngisho umbhalo "OSes". Kunoma ikuphi, bahlanganisa njengethuluzi elinamandla kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza zonke izingxenye kanye uxhumano lomsebenzisi wohlelo lwangaphakathi, kuhlanganise abahumushi ulimi kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.

Amathuluzi ukuthuthukiswa

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo isofthiwe kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, noma ngabe i-OS noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza kusekelwe yiluphi ulimi Programming ayihlanganisi kuphela iqoqo ezithile imiyalo, kodwa futhi abahumushi, otolika ulimi, compilers, nokunye. D. (Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho disassembler) .

izilimi eziningi zisebenzisa okokufaka ngokwakho yemiyalo, isibonelo, umbhalo imodi, ungathola ngisho amapulatifomu ezikhethekile lonke, ukuvumela ukusebenza izilimi ezifana Delphi noma Java kungekho ulwazi olukhethekile, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ngezinga enembile. By the way, okufanayo uya nentuthuko web sites lapho Amakhasi nobudlelwano bawo zisekelwe izici esakhelwe ukuthi babe imikhiqizo efana software. Izibonelo? Sicela! Kungokufanayo MS Office Word umhleli, WordPress nokunye. D.

ekuphathweni Amathuluzi

ekuphathweni System iyingxenye kwanoma iyiphi imvelo isofthiwe. Ngempela, uma usheshe watholakala futhi ukulungiswa zezinkinga namaphutha umsebenzi olulodwa ikhompyutha terminals inethiwekhi wendawo noma ukusebenza yonke imithombo Inthanethi luzosingathwa kumaseva akude, ikuvumela ukuba ugweme izinkinga eziningi kamuva.

Ngokwesibonelo, iqoqo standard Windows-izinhlelo (hhayi kubo kuphela), futhi, kukhona izinhlelo akhethekile izicelo evumela, isibonelo, ukuhlola disk amaphutha, ukuhlola RAM nokunye. D. Nakanjani ukuthi kukhona ekhethekile Izinsiza-third-party aqukethe toolsets obusebenzayo eziphambili. Ngekusetjentiswa zabo zokuphatha Uhlelo kokufaka, ezingeni elisha eliphakeme.

Isibonelo ezithakazelisayo uhlelo ukuthola futhi silungise system amaphutha hard drive lonjiniyela Belarusian ngokuthi iVictoria, ephethe eningi izici ezingaphezu kuka-standard Windows Umbuso indawo. Uhlelo HDD Regenerator e can "magnetization-Ukubuyiselwa emuva" ngemoto jikelele kanzima, uyalulama imikhakha ezimbi, kodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ulwazi lilondolozwe amaqoqo. Futhi lena kuphela ingxenye encane isicelo kulesi siqondiso. Futhi uma sicabanga futhi isicelo uhlelo abaphathi ukuqapha iyiphi inethiwekhi kukhompyutha yakho yendawo, noma ngisho ukusebenza lonke uhlelo yenethiwekhi, nje babamba ongezansi, indlela intuthuko kufinyelelwe: lapha namuhla amathuluzi amaningi ukuze yonke futhi ayikwazi kuchazwe.

ukuphepha kolwazi

Ngokuphathelene Ukuvikelwa kolwazi nokuvikeleka yiluphi uhlelo, lapha futhi, kukhona yini la mathuluzi. imikhiqizo enjalo, okuyizinto amamojuli isofthiwe abhalwe okusezingeni eliphezulu ngezilimi ezingeni, ukuvumela izinsongo anoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Kodwa akukhona nje ukuthi anti-virus software. Ngokulinganayo lapha akunakubangelwa zonke izinhlobo anti-spyware, izinhlelo ukuvimbela Ukungena ukukhangisa ecasulayo, ekugcineni, ngisho izibhulamlilo virtual, fayrovollami eyaziwa noma i-firewall.

Ukufinyelela i-Inthanethi izindlela

uhlobo Langaphambilini kwesicelo ogxile ulwazi lokuphepha, uhlobene eduze kakhulu exhunywe ne-Internet nje kuphela, ngoba namuhla iphume izinsongo kakhulu.

Njengoba for nokuhlinzekwa ukufinyelela, iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha okubizwa ngokuthi iziphequluli Inthanethi, ezisebenza ngesisekelo esicacile izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi (IP-ikheli yama-computer, subnet buso, futhi lomasango ozikhethela, DNS, iwina, futhi amaseva proxy, nokunye. Njll ) .. izicelo ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinhlelo isicelo.

isofthiwe isicelo

Manje siza isigaba esikhulu kakhulu software - isofthiwe isicelo. Izicelo yalolu hlobo lokwelekelela sigxile imisebenzi ethize, isibonelo, izibalo, ibhizinisi, ukuzijabulisa, isayensi, kanye nabanye abaningi.

Uhlu lwazo zonke kungenzeki ngokwenyama, kodwa ngokuqinisekile zikhona tinkhombandlela eziningana: umsebenzi nge kumadokhumenti nama-spreadsheet (izinhlelo ehhovisi kanye umculu ukuphathwa izinhlelo), ukuphathwa kwezimali, multimedia ukucutshungulwa (ingcaca, alalelwayo video), uhlelo design, inkundla Computing zezibalo nesayensi noma sekulingisa amathuluzi ukusebenza yolwazi, e-mail amaklayenti iziphequluli zewebhu, ukuphathwa ifayela, nokunye. d. enumerate izicelo ezinjalo engapheli.

Isethi eziyisisekelo-Windows

Manje cabanga imikhiqizo isofthiwe main ukuthi atholakala kunoma iyiphi yesistimu yokusebenza, kwi isibonelo se-Windows. Nakanjani ukuthi ukubiza iqoqo enemisebenzi enjalo kungaba elula, ngoba ezinye "OSes" amasethi enjalo kungahluka ezibonakalayo. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuthi lwalezi nhlelo zokusebenzisa sebemukele obanzi kunayo, ke sizoxoxa iphakethe.

Uma alalelwa, emva kokufakwa lokuqala lwe-Windows e-main menu, ungakwazi ukuthola izinhlelo, ihlelwa uya khona: .. Standard, inkonzo, nezokuphatha, njll Kodwa akubona bonke uyazi kude, kuyinto nje ingxenye encane yeqhwa. Iqiniso lokuthi abaningi inkonzo Izinsiza ababoniswa ku imenyu. Iningi lazo lungatholakala noma kusuka kumugqa womyalo, noma kusukela kumenyu "Gijima."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele 'ihlanzeke »Windows-system, ulahlekile ngokuphelele main office suite, nakuba umbukeli amanye amadokhumenti kusadingeka (iyafana Igama Pad). Ngakho, kuvela ukuthi ngemva kokumiswa kakhulu "OSes" umsebenzisi umise yabo ngisho eziyisisekelo office suite. Nokho, lokho akusho okungadala ubunzima.

Nokho, lapho yokubala, amanothiphedi, abaphathi ifayela, iziphequluli Inthanethi, nokuningi ngokuvamile abakwazi ukukhuluma - ngabe zikhona kuzo zonke uhlelo.

uhlelo utilitarian

Okokugcina, cabangela imikhiqizo, amakhono isofthiwe ezenza kube okungagcini nje ukuxilonga kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza uhlelo, kodwa futhi ahlinzeke ithuluzi ezengeziwe uma usebenza nezinhlobo ezithile idatha.

Uhlobo lokuqala lokusebenza uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi optimizers. Bathola elungile uhlelo zezinga ku "OSes" amaphutha kakhulu futhi uvumele umsebenzisi ukukhubaza ezinye izinqubo zangokwasemuva ezingadingekile ukuthi kudle isamba ngokweqile imithombo, ngaleyo ndlela usheshisa lonke uhlelo.

Ngo-Windows, lezi zimali kuncane, kahle, ngaphandle ukuthi indlela esezingeni sokuhlola defragmentation Disk. Ngeshwa, izingxenye ubuningi noma amasevisi isizinda ngesandla cisha futhi kungekho ulwazi olukhethekile lokhu kungaholela nemiphumela engalindelekile. Kodwa SEOs usebenza kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo, ivimbele kuphela aliholeli ukuhluleka ezibucayi.

Kuyefana nasendleleni kuhlela bunjalo bembhalo kanye defragmenting ebhukwini, okungase aqukethe omningi izixhumanisi engenamsebenzi, yisikhathi noma engavumelekile, okungenani kwandisa isikhathi thwebula kwezicelo ethize futhi lonke uhlelo ekuqaleni.

Ukususa izicelo standard Windows Isikhiphi akuyona njalo kwenziwe ngendlela efanele. Ngokuvamile ekupheleni inqubo ohlelweni kuyinto inqwaba udoti ngesimo amafayela residual, amafolda, noma okufakiwe kwirejista efanayo. Lapha basisize ngezidingo esiyingqayizivele like IObit Isikhiphi, okuyinto ahlanze uhlelo ngokuphelele, ngemuva kwalokho umsebenzisi akanayo ukucinga kanye nokususwa izinto ezisele ngesandla.

Esinye isibonelo kungaba ngokuthi isibuyekezo kudivayisi umshayeli. Lapha, imodi okuzenzakalelayo futhi enikeziwe. Kodwa-third-party Izinsiza efana Driver Ukulekelela babhekane nalesi kuyinto aphansi, futhi ubuyekeze umshayeli ezivela emithonjeni ezisemthethweni (amawebhusayithi imishini umkhiqizi) kuphela.

Ekugcineni, omunye archivers ezithandwa kakhulu, ngoba ngisho nalapho ukulanda amafayela kusuka ku-intanethi ngenani ngokwanele ezinkulu kokuqala bona Agcwele amafayela ekhethekile ukunciphisa "isisindo". Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafolda ezinkulu kungenziwa ihlukaniselwe kumafayela eziningana, kanye nezinga Uhlelo WinRAR, WinZip noma 7Zip uvumele ukucutshungulwa mininingwane aphansi.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Ekugcineni kuze kube ukuthi, yebo, akusiwona yonke imikhiqizo software zingatholakala namuhla. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi ngisho nale sebhithi ubuncane, yimuphi umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukuzizwa umehluko phakathi izinhlelo ngekwetinhloso letehlukene bese sifinyelela iziphetho okuvamile mayelana nokuthi benza khona kanye lokho kukhona.