Ivan Kotlyarevsky, "Aeneid": ngomlando wokutlola nezifinyezo

ulimi Modern Ukrainian kungenzeka yayikhona uma hhayi Ivan Kotlyarevsky, owabhala an amazing inkondlo ezihlekisayo "Aeneid." Ngenxa yalokhu umkhiqizo ulimi lokuphila labantu Ukrainian ekugcineni idluliselwe incwadi Amakhasi. Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuthi bakhangwa "Aeneid" abafundi, futhi Iyindaba ehlaba umxhwele futhi bejabule futhi elikhanyayo, izinhlamvu kahle ebekiwe.

Ivan Kotlyarevsky: Biography emfushane

Wazalelwa Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky e Poltava, emndenini ehhovisi umabhalane, ngo-September 1769.

Lapho lo mfana nanye, wathunyelwa ukufunda esikoleni sabefundisi. Ngemva kokutadisha Ivan Kotlyarevsky ukuze baziphilise ngokunikeza izifundo ngasese inzalo gentry wendawo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, wathola isihlalo Poltava Office wasebenza khona iminyaka emine.

Phakathi nempi Russian-Turkish Kotlyarevsky iqhaza ukuvinjezelwa Ismail futhi ngisho ukhishwa ngendondo zokuhlonipha. Ngemva kwempi, umhlala futhi wabuyela Poltava.

Lapho Ivan Petrovich namathathu banesifo esibi, wayethole umsebenzi wasesiqiwini kwelinye Poltava izikole izingane ezivela abampofu imikhaya yizicukuthwane abangakwazi ukukhokhela izifundo zabo ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme uyakufanelekela isikhundla sabo.

Phakathi Franco-Russian War of 1812 Kotlyarevsky iqhaza ekumeleleni Poltava, ukuthola imvume ahlele amabutho endawo intsha Cossack ibutho.

Ngemva kwempi, waba nesithakazelo yaseshashalazini. Ngo 1816 yena waba inhloko yalawa Mahhala Theatre Poltava. Ngenxa yokuntuleka repertoire ehloniphekile Wayesethatha lokubhala. Ngakho kwafika izingcezu ezimbili kusukela usiba lwayo: "Natalka Poltavka" futhi "Moskal Charіvnik".

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-engu-69 ushonele Kotlyarevsky. Wangcwatshwa Poltava.

Umlando ngokubhala "Aeneid"

Ngisho ngesikhathi inkonzo yakhe kwezempi at Ivan Petrovich kwadingeka umbono babhale inkondlo mayelana Cossacks. Ukwazi kahle ezincwadini zobuciko, kanye banezimfanelo omkhulu ithalente imvumelwano, nganquma esekelwe indaba "The Aeneid" imbongi engumRoma u-Virgil ukudala umsebenzi wabo siqu Kotlyarevsky.

iminyaka "Aeneid" Virgil kungcono ezimbalwa ngaphambili kakade ngesi isiRashiya endaweni kunalokho khulula isitayela umbhali Russian Nikolai Osipov, yini ephefumulelwe Kotlyarevskogo. Nokho, u-Ivan waphenduka hero Eneya ku Cossack, futhi kakhulu le nkondlo ebhalwe inkulumo evamile okuxoxa, okuyinto ezincwadini Ukrainian akekho ngaphambi nabo abazange.

Ngo-1798, eSt wabona ukukhanya ezingxenyeni zokuqala ezintathu enkondlweni. "Aeneid" Kotlyarevskogo kweso yatha- indaba yakhe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi amahlaya okubabayo, bani imbongi ngesandla esivulekile enikeziwe umsebenzi wakhe bakhangwa abafundi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezibhalwe ngolimi Ukraine, kwaba exotic ngokuba abakhuluma isi-Russian yezwe.

Ngokugcwele inkondlo alishicilelwanga kwaze kwaba ngemva kokufa imbongi sika ngo-1842. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zinyanga ezintathu isitayela amahlaya ezahlukene kusukela ngosuku lokuqala, abazizwa othile "ukukhula" Kotlyarevskogo.

"Aeneid": isifinyezo sezinto izingxenye zokuqala, wesibili nowesithathu

Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-abanesibindi Cossack Eneya ngemva kokubhujiswa ongowokudabuka Troy ngeseluleko unina, unkulunkulukazi Venus (kababa wakhe ongasekho emhlabeni wayeke kwamsiza uwine ingxabano nezinye nonkulunkulukazi) ithunyelwa Trojans kuleli zwe elisha uqine umbuso wakhe khona. Nokho, Juno, Eneya umndeni ngizonda (yena wayephakathi losers of unkulunkulukazi Venus), uzama ukulungisa hero zonke izinhlobo ekugangeni. Kodwa Venus, wakhononda uyise uZeyusi ifunda ukuthi Eneya ezimiselwe phetho omkhulu - uyoba nguyise umbuso omkhulu.

Khonamanjalo Eneya nabangane bakhe ukufika eCarthage, lapho Cossack ephonseka uwela indlovukazi Dido. Ngezingalo zakhe hero sikhohlwa okungamaphesenti angu-konke futhi mayelana esidlule kabi futhi ngokuzuma. Khona-ke uZeyusi umthumela Mercury, lophocelela Eneya ukushiya ethandekayo. Dido, ayikwazi ukuthwala ukukhashelwa ezinjalo, ezibulala.

Esikhathini ingxenye Juno ngobuqili iThrojani yesibili kwenza abesifazane ushise imikhumbi, kuyilapho amadoda ukuzitika eSicily. Nokho, lab 'onkulunkulu imvula ngesicelo Eneya, futhi imikhumbi abephule. Ngokushesha iphupho kuziwa Eneya kababa wakhe ongasekho emhlabeni Anchises wacela ukubona kuye esihogweni.

Engxenyeni yesithathu Eneya ngemuva ukucinga eside futhi ngosizo we Sibyl eya esihogweni. Njengoba ayebone izinto ezinyantisa umzimba eHayidese futhi wahlangana umphefumulo Bakwethu efile, futhi Dido noyise, iqhawe ngezipho ezibizayo neziprofetho evumayo iyavala futhi.

"Æneid" Isifingqo izingxenye wesine, lesihlanu nelesithupha (lokubhalwako kakhulu kamuva)

Ngo kwengxenye yesine Eneya oseyili kuya Latina esiqhingini yinkosi. Lapha uqala ubungane naye, futhi ihlela ukunikeza i-nice umakhelwane entsha indodakazi yakhe enhle uLavinia. Nokho, ex-isoka amantombazane - King Thurn - ngosizo we Juno ikuyo yonke iqala impi yokulwa Latina. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ecashe unkulunkulukazi ngobuqili usetha unkosikazi Latina ngokumelene Trojans, futhi balungiselela impi.

Esikhathini okwesihlanu Venus uncenga unkulunkulu-smith Vulcan ukwenza isikhali esikhulu Eneya. Ukunqoba kwempi, Trojans bacela usizo kusukela zwe elingumakhelwane. Juno uxwayisa Turna sokuqala Eneya kuhlasela. A amaqhawe amabili iThrojani - Bottom futhi Euryalus - sneak ngasese angena ekamu lesitha futhi ukubulala nabaphikisi abaningi, ngaleyo ndlela bazibulale kwabona. Ngokushesha le Trojans ikwazi ukukhokhela indiza Turna.

Engxenyeni yokugcina kule nkondlo, uZeyusi uyazi mayelana Antics wonkulunkulu, futhi sivimbela kubo angangeneli isiphetho Eneya. Nokho, Juno, uZeyusi weza nomyeni wakhe, ephuzile yezidakamizwa kuye. Futhi emva usebenzisa amaqhinga ilondolozwe kusuka incithakalo uhambo. Eneya ivumelana ne Thurn Latin mpi fair, okumele sithole umphumela impi. Juno nobunzima ukubhubhisa Eneya, kodwa uZeyusi Ubamba wakhe futhi uyakwenqabela angenele, unezela ukuthi ngemva kokufa Eneya, uyoba nabo ku-Olympus. Eneya linqoba Turnus ngokwethembeka futhi emva engabaza ombulalayo.

Abalingiswa "Aeneid"

The hero main nkondlo iyindodana Venus futhi Anchises inkosi yakwa Troy - Eneya. Yena wayengumbulali Cossack abanesibindi, enesibindi, ezimisele neqhawe onekhono, kodwa wayengaqiniseki ukuthi alien ubuthakathaka bobuntu. Ngakho, Eneya kuyinto engakwenqeni isiphuzo uhambe nabangani. Libuye ukungenwa ubuhle isifazane. Lithandana indlovukazi Dido, Eneya akhohlwe konke. Kodwa kamuva kalula uyiphonse ngemiyalo yezikhulu onkulunkulu. Naphezu kwakho konke amaphutha ayo, uma udinga ukuba, Eneya okwaziyo ukubonisa futhi engumkhulumeli ochwepheshile, ukuba nezeluleko ezinhle. Lokho lonke inkondlo "Aeneid" yakhelwe lokhu uhlamvu.

nezinye izinhlamvu akuzona njengezindawo ezigqamile enkondlweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesimo Dido komculo owesifazane zakudala. Nanguya smart, ezihlekisayo futhi bekhuthele, kodwa washiya umfelokazi, amaphupho ehlombe yesiqhwaga. Njengoba ethumba inhliziyo Eneya, indlovukazi naqala njengoba nje kwenza owesifazane e amahlaya: nomona wamthethisa.

amakhosi Latin futhi Thurn nezinhlamvu okuphambene. Okokuqala abahahayo ngobugwala, izama ukugwema impi ngazo zonke izindlela. Eyesibili, kunalokho, ngesibindi, abaqhoshayo futhi bayazikhukhumeza. Ngenxa yalokhu bombast kalula kungenzeka ukusebenzisa Juno.

Okunabileko umlingisi Latina unkosikazi - Queen Amata. Owesifazane ifaniswe Turnu - okufanayo uyaziqhenya futhi abaqhoshayo. Kodwa yena Liyindawo smart futhi uyiqili. Namkha kunjalo, njengawo Dido, kokuthi nalo, uqala yobuwula.

Okuphawulekayo balingisi we ezimbili Trojans Cossacks - vaasam kanye Euryale. Ukudela ukuphila kwabo, sesikubhubhisile eziningi izitha. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukudalwa lezi zithombe esetshenziswa ngokukhumbula empini Russian-Turkish Kotlyarevsky.

"Aeneid" kuyinto engacabangeki ngaphandle main izinhlamvu-onkulunkulu. Eyokuqala wabo impi unkulunkulukazi ophakeme Juno Olympus - abaphikisi eyinhloko Eneya. Uzonda yonke inhliziyo yami protagonist, ukuphupha lime yakhe. Ukuze afinyelele umgomo walo, Juno ukulungele ukwenza noma yini futhi Akazange ame nokuma ukuba inqabela umyeni. Nokho, naphezu kwakho konke artifices yayo, lesi siprofetho siyagcwaliseka ku Eneya.

Enye Heroine unkulunkulukazi "Aeneid" - Venus. Ukuba kunalokho antule ukuzithiba, unkulunkulukazi ngaleyo ndlela oziphatha njengongqingili waba umama onakekelayo yangempela. Uya elide ukusiza Eneya wakhe: umelana Juno, Volcano izicupho futhi ngezinye izikhathi phikisana uZeyusi.

UZeyusi ku "Aeneid" uchazwa ngokuthi abakhulu yendabuko - ayithandayo ukuba baphuze bese uphumule. Naphezu kwezixwayiso yakhe, unkulunkulukazi hle angalaleli kuye, bezama ukuthola izindlela zakhe, ngosizo ukufunjathiswa futhi ukuxhumana.

Ukuhumusha "Aeneid" ngesiRashiya

Namuhla, kukhona mpikiswano kakhulu phezu kungakhathaliseki ulimi yalotshwa "Aeneid" Kotlyarevskogo. Ngakho, abanye abantu ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi Ivan Petrovich wabhala inkondlo yakhe yokuqala ngesiRashiya, futhi kamuva wenza lo msebenzi wokuhumusha. "Aeneid" Nokho, empeleni abhalwe Ukrainian (Little isiRashiya, njengoba kusho), kodwa njengoba zamagama ahlukene wayengezelanga, umlobi wasebenzisa izinhlamvu Russian.

Kodwa ukuhunyushwa egcwele "Aeneid" ngesiRashiya Kotlyarevskogo lwenteke I. Brazhnin.

By the way, ungayididanisi umsebenzi Osipova futhi lowo wabhala Kotlyarevsky. "Aeneid" ngamunye abalobi - ehlukile, emisetjenzaneni yokuzijamela. Nokho, lapho ebhala nalapho Osipov, futhi Kotlyarevsky esetshenziswa njengoba umthombo oyinhloko Virgil inkondlo.

Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, eziningi amazwi, izenzakalo, izinto, futhi izenzakalo okukhulunywa ngazo "Aeneid" walahlekelwa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo, uma kungekhona Ngishoné lwanyamalala, ngakho abafundi banamuhla abaqondi konke lokho okuchazwe kuleli inkondlo yakhe Kotlyarevsky. "Aeneid" Manje-ke kubonakala sengathi nje inkondlo kumnandi ukuthuka ubudala. Kodwa wayesalokhu uhlala intandokazi bonke abase-Ukraine, hhayi kubo kuphela.