A. S. Pushkin, "Kusukela Pindemonti": ukuhlaziya senkondlo. Umlando sokudalwa

Ngo-1836, u-Alexander abasebenze Kamennoostrovsky umjikelezo, ezishicilelwe kuphela ngemva kokufa kwakhe. M. Yu. Lotman ukholelwa ukuthi amanye amavesi yochungechunge angabhekwa esivelele lokusungula ka Pushkin incwadi yakhe senkondlo. Kumjikelezo emelelwa ubuncane 6 izicucu (ngqo okuqondene ke ezinye ongaziwa). Kulawa, 4 izinkondlo zibonakala zesi-Roman. Thina abanesifiso umkhiqizo, "Kusukela Pindemonti" (uhlobo - inkondlo), kumane nje kuyindlela lomjikelezo. futhi "Ugwadule Obaba nomfazi ngaphandle iphutha." "amandla yesikhashana", "italiyanskomu Mbumbulu" - The ezinye ezintathu ke Ngo yonke le misebenzi, zikhona izimpawu eziningi zenkolo yobuKristu. Nokho, amanye amabhomu awasekho evesini, "Kusukela Pindemonti".

Umlando sokudalwa

It kuyosisiza ukuba asikhanyisele nencazelo yalo. Yini engase ishiwo umsebenzi isithinta? Inkondlo "Kusukela Pindemonti" ukuhlaziywa esisenza namuhla, kungokwalabo imisebenzi ngasekupheleni lembhali. umqondo bakhe beza lapho predyval imbongi kuleli zwe, etholakala eduze Petersburg, ngo-1836, okuwunyaka azidala icebo lakhe enkondlweni igcwaliswe. Nokho, kuphela ngo-1855 eyakhishwa umsebenzi "Kusukela Pindemonti". Ukuhlolwa kwaleli usuku ebonisa ukuthi Alexander Pushkin wayengasakwazi ababephila ngesikhathi kakhulu (wafa ngo-1837). Ngakho, lo msebenzi wakhe wanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Futhi kwakungeyona ngoba lokho Pushkin akafunanga ukuphrinta. Kunalokho, wazama okusemandleni akhe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukucwaninga waphutha umsebenzi "Kusukela Pindemonti". Ukuhlaziywa olwenziwa abacwaningi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kusikisela ukuthi u-Alexander I-ke ngisho ushintshe igama indalo yakhe.

Umkhonyovu Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina

abahlaziyi bemibhalo Iningi namuhla oyikholelwayo ukuthi isihloko sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo umkhiqizo - lokukhohlisa. It has lutho nge indaba yaleli vesi, umqondo "Kusukela Pindemonti". Uhlaziyo wabonisa ukuthi umbhalo ekuqaleni ngokuthi "Kusukela Alfred Musset" Nokho, Pushkin wanquma ukushintsha igama, ngoba efuna ukubona umsebenzi ishicilelwe. Ukucwaninga isikhathi ngeke babengekho ukubhekisela nabezindaba mayelana abalobi enkulu romantic ezivela eFrance. Isizathu - the Julayi Revolution, okwenzeka ngo-1830. Nicholas angizange ufuna ukuvula izikhala yezwe zisakaze ukwaziswa ngayo. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Alexander wanquma ukushintsha igama wangaphambili, esikhundleni igama umbhali French ukusebenzisa igama Ippolito Pindemonte, imbongi Italy.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kukhetha kwakungelona ngephutha. Amabili kula ma-ababhali abatholiwe isihloko inkululeko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basuke bekhuluma nge indoda asephule ngokoqobo nomphakathi. Nokho, Ippolito Pindemonte ayikaziwa emphakathini isiRashiya, ngakho Pushkin wanquma ukusebenzisa igama lakhe nomsebenzi wakhe? "Kusukela Pindemonte". Nokho, indaba kuyihlaya, akucaci ngakho. Kumele ukuthi lolu hlobo umqondo (enkululeko, ukuphikiswa) kukhona isici lonke ukunyakaza tetemibhalo, njengoba Romanticism. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amaNtaliyane, kanye engumFulentshi ayinakho ukufana okukhulu nge Aleksandrom Sergeevichem. Zikukhombisa ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi kusalokhu kukhulunywa kabi ngamabomu omphakathi kokufunda - ireferensi zamanga.

umkhiqizo ukwakheka

Inkondlo ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye 2 (ezinye angawodwa 3) aphikisana nazo komunye nomunye. iqhawe Lyrical "Kusukela Pindemonti" futhi kwelinye kanti omunye mayelana simiso ekuphileni kwabo amagugu. Umfundi wokuqala uya ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge kuphika izindima social futhi izinhlangano zezombusazwe. Sikhuluma ukucwaninga, izimpi, izintela. Lokhu kunikeza inkondlo umthunzi zakudala. Isimiso, esebenzisa Pushkin lapha ngokuthi "division oluphelele."

Isimiso i division oluphelele

essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi umklamo othandwayo noma isihloko lihlukaniswe by inombolo enkulu kungenzeka ongakhetha, elizibala uchungechunge ngomklamo ofanayo. Lesi simiso izinkondlo nobuntu isitayela classic, kodwa izakhi zabo zofuzo okuhlobene lasendulo isosha esihlatshelelwayo. Wayelethwa fundile izimbongi Russian inkathi Pushkin, kodwa aye wasigcina olwalusikisela yayo classical. Isimiso i division oluphelele isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala. Zonke sinesithakazelo enkondlweni cishe ngokuphelele awakhele kuso. Kulaba "ukuhlukanisa" ezine sinjalo wonke umbhalo. Okokuqala Pushkin libala lokho akusho ukukhononda ke - ke, lowo engafuni ancike. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Alexander uthi akekho umuntu uyahamba ukuze unikeze umbiko, "ukukhokhela kuphela."

Ingxenye yesibili le nkondlo

Amanani nomuzwa omuhle ziboniswa engxenyeni yesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakhu ekhuluma omunye imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo enkondlweni. Pushkin uthi umuntu akufanele 'anamathele akukho unembeza, akukho imicabango, akukho entanyeni kuya livery, "" I-neziphathimandla. "

U-Alexander uthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokucabanga ngenkululeko ezingokwenyama nezingokomoya, okungakwazi niwayise Sikhona yini esinye isizwe noma isizwe. Zonke ezinye amalungelo kukhona lutho ngaphandle kwalokhu ngamanga. Injabulo enkulu kunayo yonke hero lyrical iwukuba kube umuntu ubunyoninco imisebenzi yobuciko, "simangalele", "ubuhle bemvelo."

Ukuhlotshaniswa endulo

Ngokusho SA Kibalnik umhlaziyi etemibhalo ezaziwayo, emsebenzini wakhe "Kusukela Pindemonti" Pushkin esetshenziswa ngokucacile ngohlaka classical. Bobabili ku izidakamizwa futhi ezingeni ifomu (Alexandria) inhlangano ozalwa nayo endulo. Nokho, uzogcinwa kuphela ezingeni komthunzi uma kusuka okuqukethwe umkhiqizo azisenzeki inhlangano lasendulo. Alexander uvikela ilungelo wonke umuntu inkululeko yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi. Yena lidumisa ukuthabela ubuciko, abahlanganyela ne imvelo. Konke lokhu okuphikisana ekuphishekeleni amandla, isifiso sokuphumelela, unikele ukuphila kwakhe enkonzweni yasobala. Ngemisebenzi Horace sika, imbongi engumRoma, has imibono efanayo.

Nokusingatha Pushkin lokusungula Horace

Imisebenzi yakhe ziye abanesifiso Pushkin kule minyaka lokufundisa ngesikhathi Lyceum. Zonke izisusa ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini babe analogs ngesiRashiya izinkondlo 1800-1810 GG. Kuyinto, ngokukhethekile, izinkondlo Alexander Lyceum, njengokuthi "Dreamer", "idolobha", "Umlayezo Yudin". Pushkin esikhathini ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe ukudala izithombe izazi imbongi, okunemibandela ngokwanele. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze izinkondlo ezivamile Horace kunqatshelwe kubo pretty masinyane. Pushkin kule 1830s kuyaye kuvele ngqo impumelelo endala. Wathuthela kusukela izinhlamvu ezivamile Roman nesiGreki ukuphila izithombe kusuka okusuke kaHorace izinkondlo zakhe siqu eyenziwe isitayela French.

Izinguquko Emculweni We-Pushkin ekuthuthukiseni yefa okudala Horace

Izisusa, eduze lokusungula nombhali uzwakalise emsebenzini wakhe "Kusukela Pindemonti" imizwa ngokushesha kuka-Alexander. Imvelo yaleli vesi ekude kakhulu komhlangano, ngakho akunakwenzeka ukuba asikisele ukubuya le siko, sekuyisikhathi eside sisukile. Nokho, ngoba ukudalwa kuka-Alexander 1830s sici okuningi sokwedlule ngqo lasendulo isosha esihlatshelelwayo (nakuba lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ukuze ukudluliselwa) kuka nokwenziwa izingqikithi zayo kanye nemifanekiso ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu izinkondlo wesimanje. Izinguquko Emculweni We-Pushkin ekuthuthukiseni amagugu LamaRoma imbongi omkhulu wokudala lisuselwa izimpawu lasendulo ukuba izithombe ezithile bukhoma kusuka okusuke kaHorace isitayela French kuya kakhulu lo mbhali. Ngempela, u-Alexander wabhala, "Mina Simisé isikhumbuzo ..." Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-1.5 kuphela ukudalwa enkondlweni oyithandayo kithi. Ukuhumusha ESonto LamaRoma imbongi ODE "Ukuze uPompey waru" libhekisela 1835. Ngisho nangaphambili, e 1833, u-Alexander wasebenza ekuhumusheni kwesinye izinkondlo kaHorace - "Ukuze Maecenas." Nokho, owokugcina kulaba imisebenzi kwakungenziwanga isiqedile. Pushkin ukuhunyushwa kwe ivesi 8 36. Noma kunjalo, ngisho le ndima encane kwasuka ukufana jikelele lo msebenzi ngevesi "Kusukela Pindemonti".

Inkulumo efanayo vesi inkulumo ethi "Ukusuka Pindemonti" nge ODE kaHorace "ukuze Maecenas"

Ngokuhambisana ekuqaleni imisebenzi uHorace (ukuhumusha "Amakhosi ozalweni Patron ...") sikhuluma nezifiso zabantu ezisuke alien imbongi. Into efanayo sibona enkondlweni "Kusukela Pindemonti". Pushkin wathi ngamalungelo esintu, lapho-ke akafuni, nokuthi ingahlonishwa.

Kungase kuqashelwe, nokukodwa ngaphezulu nje kwaqondana ezithakazelisayo. Ngo isicelo Horace ukuba abe akhethwe isixuku edlulayo wajoyina: umkhuba zomsebenzi umlimi, umkhuba wokuhlehlisa izinto impilo elokuthula, abanothando ukuzingela nokuphishekela nezigigaba enkundleni yempi, ake welule ezikude lwasolwandle. Ekupheleni sibona izici umsebenzi juxtaposition le kombhali wefilosofi yakhe yokuphila kwabanye.

Composite izici imisebenzi Pushkin futhi Horace

Ngokungangabazeki, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela yokwakheka inkondlo "Kusukela Pindemonti" has ukufana ne ODE Ukwakheka ebhaliwe Horace. Ngo imbongi engumRoma u ingxenye yokuqala umsebenzi, njenge-Alexander, sidalwe ngesisekelo i division oluphelele. It Horace ukhuluma ekuphishekeleni ezinye abantu. Ngezinye Alexander Sergeyevich liphinde mayelana namalungelo, kodwa ngalabo, elifuna akakholwanga, nabanye, labo lapho akekho ukuphotha ikhanda. Umbhali inkondlo "Kusukela Pindemonti" eba isisusa munye kuphela kulawo abasendaweni Horace umsebenzi wombuso, amandla. Imbongi engumRoma u ngokushesha ngendaba ukumenyezelwa iimfuneko zawo siqu. Ngezinye Alexander Sergeyevich kwandulelwe nandaba oluthathwa ukuba "amalungelo elikhulu". Esikhathini wokugcina, "omuhle" ingxenye sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo umkhiqizo zingatholakala ukufana izisusa ejabulela art kanye nemvelo.

Umkhiqizo umehluko kusuka Pushkina ODE Horace

Ngokuphathelene umqondo jikelele ukuthi Pushkin ihlukile kancane. Ngokungafani ngobuningi nezifiso womuntu Horace bakholelwa ukuthi indlela kuphela angaba mathupha ukuthola injabulo - izinkondlo. Nokho, u-Alexander Sergeyevich "injabulo" inkululeko. Akafuni ukunikeza "umbiko ubani", "ukukhonza futhi sijabulise" kuphela yena. Konke lokhu kufakazela ukuthi izithombe kanye nokwakheka izinkondlo kaHorace "ukuze Maecenas" U-Alexander wasebenzisa "Kusukela Pindemonti" emsebenzini wakhe. Pushkin, Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba kabusha waphendukela ukudalwa imbongi engumRoma u. Cishe, ukubunjwa izinkondlo izithombe kusuka 1833 abasenkumbulweni yakhe (ngenkathi usebenza kuma-ukuhunyushwa).

Ukubhekisela "Hamlet"

Ngaphezu inkondlo Horace sika "Kusukela Pindemonti" futhi libhekisela kaShakespeare "Hamlet." Kumayelana triplicate "amazwi" e inkondlo Pushkin sika. Alexander ulisebenzisa lapho wenza iphuzu ngendlela dlakathi fanele kuze umsebenzi etemibhalo. Nokho verbiage empeleni sahlala amakhosi kanye labantu abangafundile.

"Kusukela Pindemonti": umqondo

Pushkina okusho mkhiqizo ukuveza uthando inkululeko, ngokumelene ukucindezela kwendikimba le izikhungo ezahlukene zomphakathi. Evesini, "Kusukela Pindemonti" lalimelele ngokuphelela yamanani ukuphila kuka-Alexander. I "abantu" nokuthi "amandla", njengoba base wezemfundo, wamelana okudaliwe enkulu yobuciko kanye nobuhle bemvelo. Imbongi akafuni ukukhonza isimo futhi imemezela lezi evesini yakhe "Kusukela Pindemonti", okushiwo ngalo Kwakusobala kuwo wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise nenkosi. Pushkin akaqondi ukuthi kungani umuntu kufanele akhonze isimo. Ngokwemvelo, le nkondlo lapho iye uzwakalise lo mbono, futhi ngisho obala, vele bahluleka miss ukucwaninga. Ngisho negama ushintsho akamsizanga Pushkin, ushintsho umbusi ukudlalwa umusa wakhe. Ngo-1855, wanyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, u-Alexander II. Inkondlo "Kusukela Pindemonti", ngonyaka ka kushicilelwe ngalo - 1855 th, kwathiwa ngokushesha wethulwa emphakathini.

Hhayi "French" ukuphikiswa ukuba inkululeko yezombangazwe futhi siqu, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke mayelana "Italian" okukhulunywa sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo enkondlweni. Okuqukethwe kwalo kuthathwa Russian indaba ephathwayo Sekuyisikhathi eside zibalwa omunye izindawo eziphezulu emisebenzini Alexander Pushkin. Lona isihloko ngokumuka lyrical kusukela kombuso ababusi nokungabi nabulungisa, okungukuthi lokhu zingenakubekwa cala nokuphika lombuso.

"Kusukela Pindemonti" futhi "amandla yesikhashana"

Uma sibheka enye Empeleni, lamatshwayo lo mbono ngisho kubonisa ngokucacile ngaphezulu ngokusebenzisa. Ngaphezu "Kusukela Pindemonti", July 5, 1936 Pushkin laqedwa "amandla yesikhashana". Lo msebenzi ungomunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu Alexander Sergeyevich of journalism senkondlo. ukunakwa kombhali wakhangwa ezibonakala iqiniso elilodwa elishiwo abangelutho. Ithempeli itholakala, cishe ingxenye ahlukile yenhloko-dolobha isiRashiya, iziphathimandla abagqoke onogada ababili ngesibhamu ekubethelweni. Kwakufanele kwenziwe ifuna ukuze ugweme ukudideka. Nokho, Pushkin zabheka lokhu njengesenzo okuhluke ngokuphelele - inkulumo ongokomfanekiso isimo sokugxeka futhi ubuzenzisi emandleni obukhosi, okuyinto ebiyelwe off esuka kubantu lweNkosi, ngisho phakathi emikhosini yenkolo.

Lezi zinkondlo zikhuluma ezimbili, wadala ngesikhathi esifanayo umphelelisi nomunye. Ngo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubusa ngesimiso Alexander udalula uhlelo kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe okuyinto lanqoba ngaleso sikhathi. Pushkin uyaqhubeka emzabalazweni yayo ukuze inkululeko ngaphansi iso ukucwaninga, ngokuvumelana nomoya wabo "izihlabelelo ubudala." Ima njengoba ukuzimela komphakathi kanye siqu. Pushkin uyaqonda inkululeko njengoba umqondo jikelele.

Imisebenzi le-syntax

Kepha-syntax, wazi ukuthi inkulumo emfushane, isici imisebenzi ekuqaleni zinezikhathi izakhiwo ngakuthathu, okwethulwa ekupheleni. Yingakho umsindo ngokomoya ukudluliswa izici zokuphila, eduze Pushkin, kanye nohlu yezitha inkululeko, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinzima futhi ozithobile.

Umsebenzi wobuciko "Kusukela Pindemonti", ogama timu efanele njalo, njengabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi esizukulwaneni esisha. Phela, intsha isici ngaphezulu isifiso inkululeko, i-kuphikisa igunya. Inkondlo "Kusukela Pindemonti" kufakwe yezifundo zezikole. Isifundisa esizukulwaneni esisha wokuzibusa nezindinganiso zokuziphatha zeqiniso.