IVolga: Population and Umnotho

IVolga - kufike emfuleni omkhulu Russian, kwaba uphawu wezwe lakithi. Mayelana izingoma zakhe sakhiwa, kuba umlingisi yezinganekwane, epics, yezinganekwane imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Lapho ibona ubuhle namathafa, ukubiyela umfula oyinhloko European Russia, komphefumulo wawo wonke Patriot ugcwele injabulo futhi ukuthula. Inani labantu base- the iVolga esifundeni yakhiwa abantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene abahlala ndawonye futhi ukusebenza ngenxa yenkazimulo esifundeni yabo futhi sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia.

endulo hoary

IVolga Russian baba ngesikhathi esisodwa: kusukela kudala ku usebe lwawo esekelwe esimweni sazo imfundo ezehlukene, okuyinto baye baba zomdabu e-iVolga esifundeni. Population babe Bulgars, Cumans, amaMongol, Khazars, kanye nezinye izithunywa amazwe ase-Asia. Ingabe Ngubufakazi Bemivubukulo uthola ubufakazi obucacile ezingeni lelisetulu eVolga impucuko namakhulu eminyaka. Iphinde wathola indawo lamaphuzu anamandla isendleleni ENtshonalanga izindimbane ezingenakubalwa we-Astrakhan Khanate neGolden zidlamlilo. Kwibanga ezingokomlando ezibalulekile kwaba sesikhathini Astrakhan futhi Kazan Khanate. labantu Russian we iVolga uqale ukwandisa ngokushesha ekunwetshweni imingcele Russia. Imizi yokuqala kwi lomfula waqala Samara, eyasungulwa ngo-1586, khona-ke Tsaritsyn (1589) kanye Saratov (1590). Futhi kusukela isigamu kwekhulu XVI yesibili, waqala inqubo yokuba ikoloni yamazwe iVolga. Basuke bakhangwa autocrats Russian izinhlanzi ezingenakubalwa nomhlabathi imithombo, kanye ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuya geopolitical, osendaweni ekahle, ukuvumela ukulawula I-Asia-Europe Umzila wezohwebo.

esifundeni nezokulima

Kuze Maphakathi nekhulu XIX amazwe iVolga ukukhonza njengephayona asisekelo sekutfutfukisa komkhakha wakuleli wezolimo. nenhlabathi Local ukuvumela ukuba kukhule izitshalo ezinhle, inhlanzi ingcebo kwakuyiwona mikhulu, futhi saphuma emahlathini band phakathi babé umcebo mbamba letimayelana nalesihloko abakhiqizi, ukuhambisa imikhiqizo yabo ukuze wonke amagumbi wonke umbuso. Izingadi baba umphakeli yezinkampani ezinkulu zokuhweba, ngisho etafuleni lenkosi. Engxenyeni ekhulwini XVII yesibili labantu iVolga esifundeni kwenezelwa futhi ingenza abasuka eJalimane, umenywe uCatherine Omkhulu ukuthuthukisa isithombe lokubala ubuningi babantu we onqenqemeni futhi zokweboleka European ubuchwepheshe yezolimo. Ezolimo phambi inguquko yaqhubeka iba yingxenye ebalulekile ekutholeni imali ngayinye umgcinimafa wesifundazwe. Okuningi lapha kwaba hleborobstvo, nemfuyo, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, futhi ngisho yezimayini usawoti. labantu Ukrainian we iVolga esifundeni kwaba kwezinye izifunda afika kwangu-7% wezindleko futhi nganikezwa "uChumak" bazinza lapha, okungukuthi umphakeli professional ithebula usawoti, kubaluleke kangaka futhi zimbalwa ngesikhathi umkhiqizo. Namuhla, amagama Little Russian akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike.

boom zezimboni

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, inani labantu kanye umnotho iVolga esifundeni iye yashintshwa ezinkulu ngenxa nakanjani kuragela inguquko kwezezimboni. Lo mbuso Yakhiwa, wayedinga kasimende kuleli Saratov ndawo babekhuthele izinto ezinkulu zokukhiqiza. izitshalo athuthukisiwe, badinga steel umshini - futhi abakhukhumele amapayipi umshini ithuluzi amabhizinisi Tsaritsyn. IVolga buya ngokuya ezibalulekile lonke ezokuthutha isiteshi - e Nizhny Novgorod Sormovo ngisemsebenzini eyakhelwe. Phakathi nengxenye noma engamashumi amabili edlule, ezingaba yezimboni esifundeni liye landa izikhathi eziningi phezu. Labantu zasemakhaya iVolga esifundeni zabantu kulo muzi, uqale ngokwemvelo ngokuphakeme ezimbonini emazweni asethuthukile inqubo yokuphila yasedolobheni. Revolution futhi empini eyalandela civil, kulandelwa indlala omkhulu, behlisa ijubane ukuthuthukiswa esifundeni, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. IVolga ezingaba laliphezulu kakhulu.

indlala

Kulwiwa alethwe nobunzima obungachazeki emaphethelweni. Population and Umnotho we iVolga esifundeni ziyadlula ngenxa yokulwa kanye nenqubomgomo abangenasihe ukudla requisitioning eyenziwa amaBolshevik kulo lonke leli zwe. Ngo-1921, esifundeni yendlala, zaba zimbi ukomisa, okwaholela nokonakala kwesivuno. izisulu akhe angamalangabi abantu abayizigidi ezinhlanu, ubhekisela kuzo zonke namaqembu omphakathi nobuzwe abahlala onqenqemeni. Inani labantu base-iVolga esifundeni ngesikhathi kwaba nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25. Ngakho, nasendlaleni engacabangeki Kushone oyedwa abahlala ezinhlanu muva esifundeni elichumayo ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. isisulu ongaqondile le nhlekelele kwaba abantukazana Ukrainian waquliswa nabangenasihawu ngokulinganayo isabalaliswe ngaphansi ibhaxa wokukhululeka indlala. Ekwenzeni echelons ukudla waya izitimela, egcwele iRed Army luphumelele kusuka ezindaweni ezithintekile. Lenin yafuna ukubiza kule iRed Army Volzhan million.

Ihlelwe kubo amaBolshevik alwa indlala, kwathathwa nempahla isonto, futhi echitha ithempeli. usizo Omkhulu nguMshicileli nezinhlangano zasemazweni angaphandle. Ngu-1921, indlala isibe kancane acute, kodwa imiphumela yako iqhubeke abathintekayo isikhathi eside.

esiphakathi kwezimpi

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka interwar, ezolimo imiphetho ithuthukiswe ngokuvumelana evunyiwe master plan. Phakathi izinhlelo oneminyaka emihlanu ezakhiwa amandla plant, ezakhiwe amabhizinisi of umkhakha ukukhanya. Kabanzi njengendlela igalelo umbuso tsarist (ezinye izimboni base bebeka usebenza kuze kube yilolu suku). ukunakwa okuningi sakhokhwa ukhulisa izikhungo zemfundo ku kotoryhy ekulungiseleleni Izishoshovu entsha yesigaba sabasebenzi. Izimpawu labantu iVolga esifundeni akunakugwenywa - kunesidingo kule kwesamba inqubomgomo kazwelonke, esidinga ukuba indlela ekhethekile esimweni ngasinye. Njengoba isibonelo, imisebenzi ezinjalo zingaholela ekuphathekeni ukusungulwa republic we iVolga amaJalimane, obabukhona kusukela ngo-1923 kuya 1941.

Ukushesha iye yashesha ukuthuthukiswa esifundeni phakathi nempi. Esikhathini iVolga esifundeni zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo, abaningi ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, athumba abahlali amaNazi. Eziningi zalezi zinkampani sihlezi lapha, futhi ngemva kokunqoba.

Ukuthuthukiswa balamukele wamakhemikhali nezibulala-petroleum izimboni.

Industrial ukuthuthukiswa kanye nabasebenzi

phezu iVolga kwezimboni imizamo yaba nemiphumela emihle. Kwezimoto eziyishumi ekhiqizwa kuleli zwe, eziyisikhombisa zavezwa loMfula omkhulu Russian River (Ulyanovsk futhi Tolyatti). izindaba Okuningi yokulala esesimweni esiphansi nalab amaloli, kodwa zonke okweshumi - futhi kungabi kuncane kakhulu. Edolobheni Engels (Saratov esifundeni) usebenza esinamandla wamabhasi Plant. Isifunda has lahlukene amabhizinisi, yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ultra-eqondile Instrumentation (kuhlanganise ukuzivikela). Aircraft futhi umshini ithuluzi umkhakha esemnika sina. Umphakathi we iVolga esifundeni - umthombo kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, ukulungiswa okuyinto zinengxenye izikhungo eziningi zemfundo ephakeme. Ngezindlela eziningi esifundeni kuphazanyiswa izindawo ezinengozi enjalo athuthukile kwezezimboni njengoba esise-Ural, Central.

Namuhla

IVolga esifundeni namuhla - ingxenye enkulu insimu ka-Russia (angaphezu kuka-6% yonke indawo yayo), okubandakanya ndawo, evamile zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

1. Verhnevolzhskie: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Kostroma futhi Yaroslavl;.
2. MID: Samara futhi Ulyanovsk, kanye Republic of Chuvashia, Tatarstan futhi Mari El.
3. Nizhnevolzhkie: Samara, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd futhi Saratov plus Republic of Kalmykia futhi Tatarstan.

Bayingxenye amabili ezifundeni federal (iVolga futhi Wik).

abayizigidi ezingu-17 abantu baseRussia abahlala esifundeni.

I kwabantu sabantu we iVolga esifundeni kuyinto heterogeneous kakhulu, kuba ephakeme kathathu kune-avareji kazwelonke (abakhileyo 31 / sq Km..), Kodwa lincane kakhulu e-Republic of Kalmykia -. Abantu 4.3 kuphela / sq Km. km.

Ukwakheka National sicaciselwe: kukhona ukuphila 16% AmaTatar, 5% Mordovtsev futhi Isi-Chuvash, izipho nezinye izizwe, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke Russian - 70%.

Esikhathini iVolga esifundeni emadolobheni 90, ezintathu kuzo - "esigidini" (Samara, Kazan bese Volgograd). Mhlawumbe eminyakeni embalwa ezayo siyohlangana Saratov.

Ukwanda kwenani labantu elinesimo izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa ngokwezinga elikhulu lokhu kungenxa inani elikhulu ababaleki. Edge is ezinhle ngempela, ebikezela amahle, beze lapha yokuhlala unomphela ngokuzithandela.