Theory impucuko wendawo: ihlathululo umsuka namasiko ehlukene

zefilosofi eziningi ehola nezazi-mlando baye bafuna izincazelo ukuthuthukiswa yokuqala ezifundeni ngabanye, amazwe, amasiko, kanye nobuntu iyonke. Lo magazini izazi abanentshisekelo ezifana Oswald Spengler, I Schubart, uH Danilevky, F. Northrop, nabanye. Imfundiso omele kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo abanamasiko civilizational abasebenza Toynbee. inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela impucuko wendawo uyindaba a macrosociology wobuciko.

Ucwaningo lwakhe, wamisa phezu Ebhala ngokugomela kokuthi yangempela into cwaningo kumele kube imiphakathi, ezithinta ngokwezinga elikhulu kakhulu emkhathini nobude bokuphila kuka abavamile isizwe-kuzifunda. umphakathi okunjalo - impucuko wendawo.

Ingabe impucuko amasiko kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka 20. Lokhu kubandakanya Western Orthodox waseRussia, WaseByzantium-Orthodox, Antique, Indian, Arabic, nesi, isiShayina, umGibhithe, ezintabeni zase-Andes, waseMexico, namaHeti, nakwezinye izizwe. Toynbee ligxile emihlanu "sezifile" nempucuko ezine eyaba khona ukuthuthukiswa - momadicheskaya, Eskimo, Spartan futhi WaseTurkey. Kazi kungani Kwamanye amasiko ayakhula ngamandla, kuyilapho abanye ayeke kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kusaqalwa ukhona.

Umsuka impucuko ayikwazi zingachazwa ngezinqubo kwethonya izici ngamunye ezifana imvelo womhlaba, umbandela zobuhlanga, ulaka noma izimo ezikahle, kanye khona emphakathini abambalwa zokudala. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela impucuko lendawo uthi iqembu kuphela lapho kukhona eziningi zalezi zici sihlanganise ziphenduke kuleli isiko civilizational. Imiphakathi lapho mibandela azitholakali, uhlale ku ezingeni dotsivilizatsionnom. Ngokwesibonelo, okusesilinganisweni isimo esivumayo uyohlale aphonse inselelo emphakathini ngokudala Izinkinga ezidinga Kuvisisa ukubhekana ukusetshenziswa amakhono zokudala. Lo mphakathi uhlala phezu kwesimiso ucingo emuva uhlale iragela phambili, ngoba uyazi akukho ukuphumula. Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni kuzodala isiko impucuko.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela impucuko wendawo ithi emlandweni wesintu ibonwa njengoba umlando ezivamile amasiko endawo impucuko isuka ukuzalwa - kokusa - ukwehla - ukunyamalala. Ngamunye wabo uhlukile. Izimpawu impucuko - kuyinto nucleus yokudala emhlabeni lapho kwakhiwa amafomu yokuqala ekuphileni okungokomoya kanye inhlangano kwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe.

Omunye impucuko isiko lendawo zingakwazi ukukhiqiza nezinye. Ngokwesibonelo, IGrisi yasendulo kuye kwaholela ukuvela kwezindaba entshonalanga, ubu-Orthodox waseRussia futhi yesimanje amasiko LamaGreki Lobu-Orthodox. Uma impucuko kokulahlekelwa core zamasiko yokudala yayo, kwayo kamuva kuyizindlela zokufa yayo. Isiko iphila nje kungaba ngokwanele nezinselelo elibhekana nazo zangaphandle okusongela likhona.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela impucuko wendawo Toynbee ubiza ukuba ayiyeke le "zapadnotsentristskih" ukubukwa futhi ayeke ucabangela zesiko ezingavumelani engaqondakali emphakathini waseNtshonalanga ye futhi musa angena yalelozwe yakhe, "emuva" noma "ngesihluku".