Iyunithi Monetary of China: ngesiliva ukuba "kamalibhele" imali yamaphepha

Ngo Ephakathi neseMpumalanga Asia emazweni amaningi ezingaba ukuziqhayisa nomlando wakhe omude. Izwe okunjalo kuba China. Ensimini ka isimo yesimanje lihlala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane abawatholi abantu. Izwe nesinabantu abaningi kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi linamanzi amaningi omunye imilando elide kakhulu khona. Zilingana nezinhlobo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka yokuba eNgophezukonke isakhiwo inqubo ukuthuthukiswa eside futhi sekudlule iyunithi imali of China.

Liang, iambic futhi candareen

In the state lasendulo kuyancomeka isiliva. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili ensimini ka isimo wanamuhla metal lungekho ngaphansi wokushaya. Kunalokho, ukusebenzisa izinhlamvu zemali ezincane bullion ayevamile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Babefanele igama labo - liang. Nakuba Amabha idatha iyunithi kazwelonke malini China. Omunye Liang kuhlaziywe side kunaleso 31 amagremu. bullion Isiliva kungenziwa umklomelo zemali wazenza ngethusi. Babefanele isikwele imbobo phakathi nendawo. Kokunye Liang wanika mayelana 1200 zemali.

IBhodi bazo zonke umbusi omusha Chinese uphawula isingeniso entsha futhi umbuso kohlelo yemali. Ngakho, phakathi nokubusa Qing BakwaHan, omunye liang wanika mao eziyishumi. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, kungenziwa umklomelo candareen 100. Nokho, idatha amayunithi China yemali babe uye kulencane kakhulu. Ngalezo zinsuku endaweni the Celestial Empire (igama lesibili yezwe) omunye candareen ungase 'abhidlize "10 Ingabe.

Ancient uhlelo yemali e China inikeza khona futhi kunangendlela liang, izindlela zokukhokha. Ziyakwazi ezinkulu bullion ngokwanele esiliva, okuyinto efana igama imigomo etemibhalo - pentameter. Ngamunye amagugu imali enesisindo esingaba 1.5 kg, okuyinto mass cishe elilingana 50 lyanam.

"Amaphayona" emsebenzini wokukhiqiza imali yamaphepha

Kusuka emlandweni esikoleni esiphakeme Yiqiniso abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi Celestial Empire - lapho kudabuka khona kasilika futhi itiye. Nokho, abantu abaziyo ukuthi leli lizwe futhi indawo lapho imali yephepha siqala emhlabeni. Lezi iyunithi malini China aqalwa asetshenziswe 2nd ekhulwini BC. e. Ukukhuluma lo mcimbi, imibhalo ukuthi behlele kithi kusukela ngenkathi nokubusa koMbusi Wu Ti. Ngokwemibhalo yesandla zomlando, iphepha amanothi zazenziwe isikhumba etholwe deerskin. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uMbuso Middle ngidalé master ukukhiqizwa iphepha ubuchwepheshe emagxolweni kamalibhele (kamalibhele). Le mpumelelo kusivumela ukuba lula inqubo yokwenza imali yephepha.

Ukwethulwa imali yephepha

A imfuneko ukuvela iphepha kusho yokukhokha aphansi amandla wokuthenga we izinhlamvu zemali zethusi, ngaleso sikhathi ezazenziwa Mint yasebukhosini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, metal kruglyashi imbobo square waba nesisindo elikhulu. Libuye ngendlela ethile abathintekayo isifiso kahulumeni ukushintsha uhlamvu lwemali ezinkulu impahla ukuxegiselwa.

Ukuze abaziphethe a ngamakhilogremu ambalwa zethusi imali izinto, inani labantu waqala behluleka metal abathengisi kruglyashi. Labo bantu ukubuya wanika namarisidi, okuyizinto yokukhokha. Nokho, ekuqaleni kwawo-11 AD leminyaka. e. uhulumeni bavinjelwe abathengisi wahlanganyela emisebenzini enjalo. Ukuze kube lula ubudlelwano emakethe futhi ukuthengiselana phakathi komphakathi, senkantolo yasebukhosini eseqala ukuveza namarisidi. Iphepha imali yamaphepha babe esikhundleni ngokugcwele izinhlamvu zemali zethusi. Ngamunye the namarisidi kwadingeka izindleko ukubaluleka kwayo.

Modern yokukhokhelana

Ngo-1835, izwe waqala ukuveza imali entsha. EChina, igama "fresh" iyunithi linjengezwi "Renminbi". Ehunyushiwe leligama unpronounceable kusho "imali zabantu". Ezweni igama iyunithi entsha eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Renminbi. Nokho, kazwelonke imali ithenda zomthetho waqala esanda kutholakala - ku 40s sekwephuzile kwekhulu lama-20. Kuze kube kuleli uhlelo iphuzu yokukhokha China esiye sabhekana zinhlekelele eziningi ezintsha.

Kuze kube ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izwe lalisakaze indinganiso esiliva. Labantu ezindaweni zasemakhaya liyasetshenziswa yasendulo zemali Chinese, okuyinto nabizelwa umhlengikazi (nokugciniwe). Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo esinobunye ukukhokha nokulungisa izikweletu esahambile kuleli zwe kuze 1949. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe sabantu ngesikhathi esifanayo kungaba lyany Chinese US dollar, Hong Kong imali yamaphepha kanye izinhlamvu zemali zethusi.

Indlela eyodwa yokukhokha

Ngo-1948, uhulumeni uye lasuka ukusetshenziswa isiliva kufakwe igolide yemali uhlelo lwayo exchange ejwayelekile. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho indlela eyodwa kazwelonke yokukhokha wayebhekwa njengoba yuan.

Okwamanje, umbuzo kanjani imali libizwa eChina, ungakwazi kalula uphendule - Yuan. Nokho, ngaphandle lokhu kusho yokukhokha ye-National Bank futhi kukhipha Jiao futhi candareen (fen). Kutungeletela zingatholakala izikweletu mayelana 22. Jiao namahlelo fyni sasikhipha 1, 2 no-5 amayunithi. Ihlelo efanayo has Yuan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali yamaphepha zikhishwa engu-10, 50 no-100 "RMB".