Izhora (abantu): Ingemuva nomlando

Izhora abantu - komncane eziningi yazo zonke izizwe abahlala eRussia. Lapha kukhona abantu abangaba ngu-200, ezingu-60 zazo namanje abahlala e-Estonia. Lokhu ethnonym lisuselwa izwi Swedish Ingermanland - okubizwa ngokuthi umhlaba eningizimu eGulf of Finland. Kukhona izinguqulo ezimbili mayelana lapho leli gama, noma egameni Ingigerda, unkosikazi Yaroslava Mudrogo, noma egameni lasendulo Russian Prince Igor, indodana Rurik.

Ngakho lokho mayelana namaqembu ezinhlanga Izhora laziwe? Imininingwane kawonkewonke ngabantu ibekwe ngezansi kuzokusiza ufunde kabanzi.

Insimu komnikazi

Emakhulwini eminyaka th 12-13 Izhors wahlala nhlangothi zombili iNeva, mayelana imingcele Imizana yabo kwakuyi- Sister River Tosna, Nazia. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 izinto zabo sesifike emfuleni Oredezh River eningizimu. Kodwa-ke insimu baqala Taper off, wekucala nemizana Karelian Isthmus, bese emhlabeni ezindaweni ezisogwini University bese at Oredezh River. Manje Izhors lihlale kuphela Lomonosov futhi Kingisepp esifundeni Leningrad esifundeni. Abanye bale isizwe baye bathuthela Petersburg. Noma kunjalo, ningakwenqabi izimpande zabo futhi iziveze Izhors.

Nokho, i-main ephilayo endaweni - Soikinsky Peninsula, okuyinto amanga phakathi Luga futhi Koporskaya lip. Izici engokwemvelo endaweni yokuthi cishe abahlala eziqhingini ingxenye yochungechunge amachibi namaxhaphozi esingaweleki. Yingakho abantu labo nemizana Izhora wakwazi ukugcina amasiko abo siqu, naphezu ukusondela langempela enhlokodolobha enyakatho.

indaba

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kwabezizwe-Izhora butholakala Bull ka UPapa u-Alexander, yabhalwa ngekhulu le-12. Ngokushesha eYurophu, yabe seyaziwa ukuthi Izhora - abayisizwe esinamandla futhi iyingozi. Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke Russian Izhors lokuqala okukhulunywe ekhulwini le-13 njengoba sizana of Novgorod. Kwakumelwe obhekene ukuvikelwa izindawo ezisogwini abaseSweden.

Kodwa ngo-1611, ezweni labo namanje athunjwa Sweden, Izhors eziningi kangaka yomdabu iyiswe kuncike indawo eRussia. Kodwa ngo-1721, uPeter Omkhulu lanqoba izwe, futhi baba yingxenye Petersburg Isifundazwe.

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka ka 1732 wabonisa ukuthi ensimini ka Ingermanland kukhona mayelana 14 nesigamu ayizinkulungwane izhoryan. Ekhulwini le-19, inani labo sekuvamile kancane - kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 18. Izibalo ngo-1926 wabonisa izibalo ezilandelayo: abantu 16137.

Kodwa IMpi Yezwe II yaletha mayelana nezinguquko: iningi abantu bomdabu sathathwa engumakhelwane Finland kanti kukhona nezindawo eziningi nje iqedwe. Lapho ebuyela uhlala ekhaya babengazazi esinikeziwe, futhi eSiberia, lapho silondoloze uphawu lwabo nolimi isibe cishe akunakwenzeka. Labo Izhors ukuthi wahlala phezu Karelian Isthmus, futhi yamukeleke nabantu bendawo. Izikhulumi aboMdabu namasiko bomdabu kuphela izakhamuzi Kingisepp District (enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye yangaphambili Ingria), kanye ezinye abomdabu of amadolobhana emfuleni Kovash.

Tereré Izhora - Abantu ziyafa. Ngo-1959, kwakunabamemezeli kancane ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane, ngo-1970 - 781, futhi ngo-1989 - 276. Le idatha yakamuva - abantu 266 (2010). Kuyadabukisa ukuthi isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engu-68-70, okusho ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa njengoba Izhora ubuzwe inganyamalala ngokuphelele.

ulimi

It kungokwalabo iqembu Baltic-Finnish. Izhora has zezigodi eziningana:

• Sojkinskaja;
• hevasky;
• nizhneluzhsky;
• oredezhsky.

Sojkinskaja kuyinto eyisisekelo, it is akhulunywa iningi Peninsula Izhora. Hevasky kuvamile Lomonosov wesifunda. Ngo nizhneluzhski uthi sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni Luga, futhi laba nomuzwa oqinile umthelela Votian ngoba VOD futhi Izhora bukhoma elixutshwe khona. Oredezhsky wanyamalala kudala njengoba 1930, lapho-ke wafa abezindaba zokugcina. Kukholakala ukuthi kwaba abahlanzekile kuzo zonke izilimi zezigodi, ngoba ukubaleka ithonya we ulimi Finnish.

Kodwa kuphela ekuqaleni temlomo Izhora isizwe. Abantu akazange ngisho zamagama lalo. Ukubhala ngesikhathi Izhora kuphela wabonakala ngo-1930 ekuthatheni isinyathelo uhulumeni kohlaka uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa amasiko ezizwe encane. Ngesisekelo Latin izinhlamvu zamagama ziye zadalwa, bese athuthukile lolimi enobunye. Ngisho esikoleni, ngaqonda iqhutshwe nowokuzalwa ulimi Izhora, ngoba ukuthi izincwadi zanyatheliswa. Nokho, lolu hlelo ngokushesha waphenduka. Manje ingxenye kuphela Izhora ulimi siqu bomdabu, ngakho ngo-2009 lapho kwahlanganiswa "Atlas Yezilimi Wezwe Engozini" by UNESCO.

yokukhulekela

Izhora - isizwe isiko elicebile elingokomoya. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka Izhors babe amaqaba, kodwa ngekhulu le-13, baqala ngenkuthalo ukuguqulela Lobu-Orthodox. Ngemva Sweden won emazweni awo, ezifakelwa yamaLuthela Nokho, lokho akusho ukucwila izimpande zawo ezijulile. Manje inkolo Izhora siqukethe Symbiosis kobuKristu nangasekuqaleni ebuqabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, wawusanamathele ukholo imimoya ezweni, amanzi, abagcini eziko, bakhuleka izihlahla engcwele, amatshe, njll

yezandla

imisebenzi Traditional Izhora endulo babe ukudoba kanye nezolimo. Izinkomo neze igcinwe. Lwakhiwe zobumba nezinkuni. Ukudoba inhlanzi no aphele Izhora kwaba imali eyinhloko ezindaweni ezisogwini kuze kube muva nje. Kodwa, ngeshwa, le nhlanzi licishe okwamiswa ngalo ukuba zibanjwe khona ngenxa ezifanelekayo ukufuya omunye zama-ezinamagobolondo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlala nabantu abadala ngaphandle komuzi, izingane zazo nabazukulu baye eside adluliselwe yasemadolobheni amakhulu, ikakhulukazi Petersburg, befuna umsebenzi omuhle.

isiko

Izhora - abantu abasakwazi ehlukile. Omunye izakhi ezithakazelisayo ingubo kazwelonke isikhafu ekhethekile (sappano) ukuthi owesifazane othile wayefake, ngaphandle kokukhipha emini noma ebusuku. abesifazane kwesiko kanye ihembe zabesilisa (ryatsinya) elifekethiswe ngezithombe okwakhiwe ocebile futhi bopha okusaqanda abethela entanyeni. Wabhinca owesifazane ibhande ehlotshiswe ubuhlalu futhi ezazilenga amagobolondo.

isiko Material kwakuthandeka Russian. Lokhu kubonakala maqhugwane bendabuko, kanye nezinto zokubethwa ezolimo. Izingoma, ezililweni - yisibaluli ebalulekile zonke zindlela, uthome lomshado ziphethe umngcwabo.

Akwaziwa emhlabeni wonke runopevitsa Larin Paraske, izinkondlo zakhe, iculo elahlanganiswa amaqhawe "Kalevala". Lesikhumbuzo, esibonisa izhorku abadumile, imele maphakathi Helsinki.

Mhlawumbe kuyoba izinkumbulo kuphela alesi sizwe kanye onamandla. Kodwa inqobo nje uma kukhona abameleli lokugcina Izhora, uyaphila futhi isiko labo lasendulo.