Izigaba ezine yentuthuko intuthwane: ukuguqulwa okuphelele

On nokuphila kwalezi izinambuzane kuze kube muva nje kwakwaziwa okungaka. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izintuthwane kwamanye amazwe babe into yokukhulekela, hhayi ngephutha: lezi zidalwa - ezinye zezinhlanzi endala izinambuzane ezikhona Emhlabeni. Phakathi kumbiwa izinsalela eyisinambuzane eziye zatholakala yangekhulu yobudala engaphezu kwekhulu ngemva kweminyaka eyisigidi! Namuhla, ososayensi ukutadisha Izinambuzane ngokuqinisekile, futhi wazi zonke izigaba yentuthuko i intuthwane, futhi isilinganiso sobude bokuphila zinhlobo ezahlukene, futhi isigaba sabaphathi esiqinile okukhona ngaphakathi isiduli esikhulu. Futhi namanje ayilokothi iyeke mangaza.

ukuguqulwa okuphelele

I isiduli esikhulu ekuphileni eshisa futhi avuselelwe. Njenganoma yimuphi isinambuzane, lokhu ihlathi ehlelekile ekuphileni kwakhe uya ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge kugucuka. Futhi izigaba zokuphila kwakhe zihluke ngokuphelele levakalako ngaphandle. Ingabe izigaba ezine yentuthuko intuthwane:

• iqanda;
• isibungu;
• unodoli;
• Umuntu omdala (imago).

Okungukuthi, zonke izinhlobo izintuthwane ziyisizwe umjikelezo endopterygota ngokuthi holometabolism. Njengomthetho, ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo yonke inqubo ukuthuthukiswa kuthatha cishe inyanga.

Komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane intuthwane: amaqanda, isibungu

Ukuphila komunye nomunye isinambuzane iqala nge iqanda. Kulesi sigaba yentuthuko intuthwane zesifazane (esiswini) izalela amaqanda. Amancane (ubude mayelana milimitha), okusaqanda, shades olumhlophe noma aphuzi. Ngemuva kwabo ukunikeza izintuthwane ukunakekelwa isisebenzi: Nzalo ekuhlungeni, lokuthola kwezimo ezifanele izibungu kusukela amaqanda kungaqala. Ngokuvamile amaqanda zigcinwa akayedwa, futhi wonke amaphakheji amancane. Ngakho kuyinto kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni.

Ngokusho ekupheleni Iqanda ekukhanyeni wormlike izibungu, hhayi ngendlela efanayo kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ekuqaleni, izibungu zingafakwa ndawonye amaphakheji. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu abadala - babe ngabanye. Ngalesi sigaba, isigaba ukuthuthukiswa intuthwane (isithombe - ngezansi) senzeka suralimentation umlawuli wekhompyutha esizayo. futhi wapha izibungu izintuthwane futhi ukusebenza, isikhathi inala yokudla futhi akhulule. Akumangalisi phakathi esiteji isibungu asisho ukukhiqiza indle kanye sokuzikhulula kwenzeka kuphela uma pupation.

isiphungumangathi

Komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane intuthwane: amaqanda, isibungu, isinambuzane omdala. Kodwa phakathi esigabeni sesibili nezokugcina kukhona esigabeni pupal (kwezinye izinambuzane ingekho - ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuguqulwa kwengxenye"). Larva liyaphela amandla, uqokomisa indle (meconium), esenza umfece. By the way, lezi zinambuzane subfamily eyaziwa lapho imifece izibungu spin cha.

Umuntu omdala

Adult intuthwane (imago) lephuma kusukela umfece ibe isiphetho yentuthuko yabo. Ososayensi ukuthi umuntu osemusha edonswa kusukela izihlobo emgodleni - izintuthwane usebenza, ngoba ukuvula umfece ke wedwa bengayi. Ekuqaleni intuthwane omdala has a umbala singasindi, kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kakade uthola umbala umzimba, izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana kusuka lonke. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, intuthwane ukusebenza luyakhula futhi feeds ukudla ikakhulukazi carbohydrate. Ngakho esigabeni sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa intuthwane.

isigaba sabaphathi

Kunoma isiduli esikhulu, kukhona izigaba ezintathu izinambuzane: indlovukazi, abesilisa, drones kanye izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi. Abesilisa ziyaphuma amaqanda angayazi zabhekana okuzala. indima yabo eyinhloko - abathintekayo yokuzala kanye kokukhulelwa. Ukuze indiza labasanda kushada badinga amaphiko. Zihluke kusukela izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi usayizi umzimba.

Izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi zingena - intuthwane amandla isizinda. Baqamba amanga yonke imisebenzi amakoloni yasendlini.

Kwesibeletho ngokuziqhathanisa intuthwane ukusebenza - whopper yangempela. Yena ekuqaleni inamaphiko, bese, ngemuva indiza labasanda kushada kanye kokukhulelwa, ukulunywa zabo, babe "non-flying". Zonke okwengeziwe anikezelwe amaqanda ayo ukuphila laying nokuzalwa kwabantu. "Intuthwane Queen" (kwesibeletho) abangaphila ngendlela evumelana iminyaka 5 ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle (kwezinye zinhlobo nokuningi). Nakuba intuthwane ukusebenza uhlala kuphela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa (kwezinye zinhlobo - eminyakeni embalwa). Drones, abesilisa siphile izimpilo emifushane: Spar, afe, noma ukubulala ezinye izintuthwane izihlobo.

Isihloko Esikoleni

Ekucwaningeni isihloko "izigaba Development i intuthwane" (env. Izwe, esikoleni Wed) kufanele sinake iqiniso lokuthi ukuphila intuthwane, zikhona 4 nezikhathi (esikhundleni amathathu, njengoba kwezinye nezinye izinambuzane). Ngamunye wabo usitshela ngokuningiliziwe, usebenzisa izithombe ezinyakazayo nama-slide. Ungakwazi pick up and ividiyo mayelana ekuphileni isiduli esikhulu.

A amaqiniso ambalwa ezithakazelisayo

• Ezinye izinhlobo zama-lezi eyisinambuzane kungenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphandle komoya izinsuku 4, kunjengokungathi isimo walowo. Izifundo kusukela ketshezi, beze ekuphileni, futhi isekhona futhi.
• Imilenze intuthwane (6 wabo, futhi ngamunye - 3 amalunga omzimba) kunamandla kakhulu. Babonakala yakhelwe ngokwemvelo kabudisi okuseqophelweni ezihambayo. By endleleni, uma lesi sinambuzane emude njengomuntu, kuba wakhona idatha ngokomzimba ikwazi ngesivinini kuze kube amakhilomitha angu-60 ngehora futhi lift imithwalo endaweni amathani uhhafu!
• Izintuthwane, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, babe intelligence collective, futhi inani eliphelele amangqamuzana obuchopho (okwesikhathi intuthwane olulodwa) ifaniswe inani elifanayo e amangqamuzana omuntu.