Izikhulumi zeSoviet acoustic: amamodeli, izici

Muva nje, abalandeli abaningi bezwi elihle banesithakazelo kuzikhulumi zakudala zaseSoviet. Namuhla lezi-acoustics zidinga kakhulu futhi zithengiswa, ngokungavamile, hhayi ezishibhile kakhulu. Ingabe kufanelekile ukuthenga izikhulumi zaseSoviet? Ake sizame ukuqonda lo mbuzo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ochwepheshe bathi izingqimba ezilotshwe ukuthi "Zenziwe ku-USSR" umsindo uhlale unamandla futhi omuhle, unesiphakamiso esiphakeme kakhulu nomthombo wesignali.

Futhi akumangalisi ukuthi ngisho nakamuva nje hhayi ugogo nomkhulu wethu kuphela, kodwa nabazali bajabule ukufaka izikhulumi zaseSoviet (izikhulumi - izinhlelo ze-acoustic). Ngosizo lwabo, ungakwazi ukulalela umculo kuphela, ngaphandle kokuzama ngisho ukuxhuma kumathiyetha asekhaya. Kodwa-ke, azibi kakhulu - amakholomu athi: "Enziwe ku-USSR".

Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-acoustics

Ngaphambi kokuba izikhulumi zokuqala zeSoviet zivele, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa kuphela abasakazo abavamile. Lawa madivayisi avumela ukulalela umculo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1951 ubuholi bezwe bamukela indinganiso eyodwa, eyayibeka imingcele esemqoka ukuthi imishini yokwasakazwa kwemisakazo kufanele ibe neyakho. Kwakuyilo nyaka okwaqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-acoustics. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza babumangalisa kakhulu.

Izikhulumi zaseSoviet zinezici eziyisisekelo njengezwi-loudspeaker, ikhanda le-electrodynamic kanye nesici se-bias.

Ngisho nomklamo omubi kakhulu wecala, lezi zikhulumi zinekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu. Noma ubani osebenzisa i-acoustics yanamuhla akaqondi njalo ukuthi uzwa umsindo owakhiwe ngamakholomu aseSoviet. Iyini isizathu salokhu kumlingo? Esikhathini sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezobuchwepheshe!

Ngemva kwalokho, leli zwe laqala ukukhulula amamodeli amasha wezamukeli, okwesikhathi eside yilapho kuphela umthombo womsindo emakhaya nasema-discos. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi imishini enjalo yenziwa ngesandla.

Umsakazo "Symphony"

Ngo-1965 kwaba esinye isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni abamukeli. Kwakuyilo nyaka lapho umsakazo wokuqala wasekhaya wawukhiqizwa e-USSR. Yakhiwa ngokusebenzisa indlela yesibani. I-Stereo, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Symphony", yayikhonze njengenhlangano yomculo womculo waleso sikhathi.

Yini ehlanganisa ukwakheka komsakazo? Ekuklanyeni kwayo kwakuyi-electrophone. Wavumela ukudlala amarekhodi e-vinyl. Njengengxenye ye "Symphony" yayibuye isamukeli, okwakhanya umsindo.

Namuhla umsakazo kuphela wabalandeli abathile be-Retro, futhi-ke futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kuphela. Kusukela ekubukeni kwama-acoustics, le nqubo, eyayiyisilinganiso sezobunjiniyela esikhathini esedlule, isiphelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu.

Isigaba esilandelayo

Ngokuqondene nabadlali be-tube, babengavamile kakhulu emakhaya abasebenzi abajwayelekile. Isizathu esiyinhloko ngengozi ephezulu yemishini nokukhiqizwa kwayo okuncane.

Esikhathini esilandelayo, ama-recorder tape recorders aqala ukukhiqizwa kuleli zwe. Le nqubo inike amandla amakhulu okukhipha umsindo. Ukuze athenge umshini wokuqopha onjalo, injini elula kwakudingeka ihlehlise ukuthengwa kwamaholo akhe amahlanu ngenyanga. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwalokhu, ubuchwepheshe obusha buye bathandwa kakhulu. Umsebenzi wemishini enjalo ayikwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle kwama-acoustics amasha. Futhi ngo-1974 iSoviet Union yaqala ukukhiqiza amakholomu amasha. Imodeli yokuqala yayiyi-ASMM-1M. Le-acoustics yaseSoviet isiye yasakazeka iminyaka eminingi. I-loudspeaker ede eside yafakwa ohlelweni, ibuye ibe ne-hangout ye-latex diffuser. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuvuma ukuthi inqubo enjalo yayingeyona izinga eliphezulu. Ikakhulukazi ukugxekwa okukhulu kwabangela inhlangano yamakholomu.

Ukuboleka ubuchwepheshe bangaphandle

Ngo-1978, e-USSR, ukukopishwa okulula kwama model aseNtshonalanga kwaqalwa. Abanjiniyela abasebenza emazweni aseBaltic bathatha lo msebenzi okokuqala. Ngakho-ke, i-model 35AC-1 yenzelwe, ngesisekelo lapho kwenziwa uchungechunge lonke lwezinhlelo ze-S-90. Lezi columns zaseSoviet zithuthukisiwe kakhulu. Ikhwalithi ephakeme yayihlukile futhi umzimba wayo. Kwahlanganiswa kusuka plywood eqinile, ngaleso sikhathi eyayisetshenziswa ekwakheni izindiza. Amapaneli angemuva nangamahlangothi aleli cala ayenziwe ngezinkuni zezinhlobo eziyigugu kakhulu. Okuthakazelisayo kwakuyisisindo sedivayisi. Lezi zinsimbi zeSoviet zazilinganisa ama-kilogram angu-23!

Isigaba sokugcina

Ama-Acoustics we-USSR ekugcineni athuthukiswe ngokukhululwa kwe-model 75AC-001. Kwakungumqhele wobunjiniyela obucatshangelwa isikhathi seSoviet. Ekuthuthukiseni lo modeli, izindlela zokwakha izibalo zaqala ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhompiyutha (abandulela amasistimu ekhompuyutha yanamuhla) asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, i-crossover kanye nekhanda.

Ama-acoustics aphelele kunazo zonke e-USSR, okwakungumfanekiso 75АС-001, abe nezwi lokukhulumisana elikhangayo ngekhwalithi yalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathandi bemisindo emihle babethwa ukuzwela, okwakuyi-91 dB. Ngalezo zikhathi, lesi sibalo sasingamanga nje.

I-loudspeaker (ikhanda lika-electrodynamic) le-model, phakathi kwezinye izinto, linikeze ibanga elihle lemvamisa, elivela kuma-Hz ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya kwezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsindo wawungekho njengoba uphambene njengoba kwakungamamodeli wangaphambilini.

Kamuva, lo modeli wabizwa kabusha. Igama layo elisha li-150AC-001. Ikhishwe njenge-Acoustics "Corvette", kanye ne- "Cleaver".

Ngokuphelele, amamodeli angaba ngu-50 alawo mahlelo asungulwa ngenkathi yeSoviet. Kwakukhona phakathi kwabo labo ababengakhumbuli ngisho nabasebenzisi. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona nokuhlukahluka okuhle kwezinhlelo ezinjalo ekudayiseni okuningi, okuthandwa kakhulu kuzo esizoxoxa ngakho ngezansi

"Electronics"

Ngaphansi kweli gama, i- USSR yakhiqiza izinto eziningi zasendlini. Izingosi ezihlobene ne-Ministry of Electronic Industry, ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Electronics" zenze amathelevishini nezibalo, amasistimu ekhompiyutha kanye namarekhodi ekhompyutheni. Kwakukhona amawashi kagesi kanye neminye imikhiqizo kuhlu lwalezi mikhiqizo.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlelo ze-Soviet acoustic, ezaziyikholomu "Electronics", yasungulwa. Kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningana:

1. "I-Electronics 25AS-033". Lesi isikhulumi esisezintathu, esasibekwe enkundleni yemvelo yokhuni. Amandla okuqokwa kwalezi zikhulumi kwakungu-25 W, futhi amandla okuphakama afika ku-100 W. Izikhulumi zakhiqiza umsindo ku-range kusuka ku-31.5 kuya ku-25000 Hz futhi zinezimpawu zokumelana ezilingana no-4 ohms.

2. Abakhulumi "I-Electronics 25 AC-118". Lesi sikhulumi sisesimweni semvelo sokhuni.

3. "I-Electronics 25AS-126". Lolu hlelo luyisikhulumi esisezintathu esakhiwe endlini ye-chipboard. Amandla okuqokwa kwalezi zikhulumi kwakungu-25 W, futhi amandla okukhawulela ayengu-50 W. Imvamisa yomsindo yayisebuseni kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-20 000 Hz, futhi ukumelana kwakuyi-4 ohms.

4. "I-Electronics 25AS-132". Leli bhuloho le-AC lendlela ezintathu enegunya elilinganisiwe lama-Watts angu-25. Njengomthetho, wangena kwisethi eyodwa egcwele ne-amplifier "I-Electronics 104С".

5. "I-Electronics 25AC-227". Amandla wepasport walesi sikhulumi esisezintathu ayenama-watts angu-50. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwaba nokuhluka okuvela kumamodeli wangaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, kuwo wonke amakhanda ase-high-frequency aphezulu ayenziwe. Babhekene nokuhlanekezela okuphansi, okunikeze ikhwalithi ephakeme lapho bedlala amazinga aphezulu.

S-90

Amakholomu amahle kakhulu enkathini yeSoviet ayengabazeki, uS-90. Bema encwadini S, njengoba lo mkhiqizo wenziwa eRiga. Babizwa ngokuthi AS Radiotehnika. Nokho, ngalezo zinsuku abantu baseSoviet babengathembeli konke okungaphandle. Kulokhu kuxhumano, amakholomu asaziwa ngokuthi i-C-90.

Njengoba enye yezinhlelo ezinhle kunazo zonke zenkathi yeSoviet, i-Radio Engineering yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini zenkcubeko nasemakhonsathini ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zezwe. Amakholomu ayekhona ngempela kusihlwa kusikole. Babenamandla kunabo bonke, ngoba babehlomile nge-amplifier. Kuze kube manje, ubuchwepheshe obunjalo be-retro abuyinto eshibhile. Ikholomu eyodwa kuphela ye-"Radiotekhnika" imodeli izobiza umthengi amaruble angu-4 000.

Incazelo

Ngesikhathi sabo, amakholomu we "Radio Engineering" ayephethe izici ezinhle kakhulu. Babe beklasi eliphakeme kakhulu (zero) futhi behluke ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinto zeSoviet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le AU kunoma yini engavumele ukungenisa.

Izikhulumi zisebenze ebangeni lemvamisa ebangeni kusukela ku-31.5 ukuya ku-20 000 Hz. Amandla abo alinganisiwe kwakungu-watts angu-35.

Kodwa lesi simiso sesiphakamiso sasingaphelele. Wayenezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu, wafinyelela ku-ruble angu-300 ngamapulangwe amabili. Futhi isisindo salezi zinsika sasimangalisa. Ngezinye izikhathi kudlula i-30 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uthenga izikhulumi ze-C-90, akekho oqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzokwenza idiyothi elivumelanayo kubo. Phela, omunye wabo waqoqa wonke amandla ndawonye futhi wazwakala kakhulu kunomunye. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kwakungewona kuphela ukubuyiswa kwalesi sikhulumi. Izikhulumi zaseSoviet zazivame ukwehla. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyizintambo ezibuthakathaka nezincanyana, ezivele zingenakwenzeka ngokwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulumi azizange zizwakale kahle kuma-medium frequencies, zonakalisa yonke imibono yama-acoustics.

Ukufaka

Naphezu kokushiyeka, izikhulumi ze-S-90 zafanelana nabathandi bomculo baseSoviet. Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, lesi simiso se-acoustic sasiyingxenye enkulu kakhulu. Ungakhohlwa abathandi bomculo ngakho namhlanje. Phela, amakholomu we-C-90 ayimpawu ezigqamile zenkathi ekhona. Lokhu kuyisayizi yobukhulu obuhle kakhulu, okungama-36x71x28.5 cm. Yingakho kwakudingeka ukuthi ifakwe kahle, ukugcina ibanga kumlaleli okungenani u-2 m. Kodwa-ke, kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu ezindlini eziseduze zaseSoviet. Yingakho omakhelwane kuphela bezwa umsindo wangempela ukuthi ama-acoustics anjalo angaphumelela.

Ukubukeka

Isimo esihle kakhulu futhi esilula sezikhulumi ze-C-90 ibhokisi elingenxantathu, elingenakuhlukaniswa elenziwe nge-particleboard. Isiphetho sawo siyizinga eliphakeme lezinkuni ezivela enkuni ebalulekile. Ezingxenyeni zezindonga nangaphakathi kwendawo, abaqambi babehlinzeka ngezinto ezikhethekile. Lokhu kwandisa amandla nokuqina kwebhokisi ngokwayo.

Inhloko yezikhulumi ihlotshiswe ngamafrimu okuhlobisa. Banyatheliswa kusuka eshidi le-aluminium futhi babemnyama abamnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulumi zinesivikelo ngesimo sensimbi.

Engxenyeni engezansi yecala ungabona ipulasitiki lepulasitiki. Ibonisa isimo se-amplitude-frequency ye-AS, igama lesistimu negama layo lomkhiqizo. Isixhumi sezikhulumi zeSoviet C-90 sisekugcineni kwedonga elingemuva lendaba.

Okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi

Uma uvula icala lezikhulumi ze-C-90, ungabona inombolo enkulu yoboya bekotini, ehlanganiswe ne-gauze. Kuyinto yokuzizwa kahle kwezikhulumi.

Iyanciphisa umthelela ekucindezelweni kwengqikithi ye-AHF, okwenza izikhulumi zizwakale ngaphezulu. Noma ubani oqede lesi sikhwama se-"Soviet legend" angabona izihlungi zangaphakathi nezigesi. Zibekwe ebhodini futhi zihlanganyele izingcezu zezipikha.

Ukwenza ubuchwepheshe bokubuchwepheshe obudala

Izikhulumi ze-C-90 zithandwa kakhulu nabathandi bomculo. Akumangalisi ukuthi abaningi balabo abanesithakazelo sekhwalithi ezwakalayo bathambekele ekuzivuseleleni. Lo msebenzi awugcini nje ngokuthakazelisayo. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze imali emangalisayo futhi uthole uhlelo ngomsindo omuhle kakhulu.

Yiqiniso, ngaphandle kwalezi zikholomu, okungenani okungenani iminyaka engu-30 ubudala, selivele selilahlekile i-chic yalo yangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, kulabo abaye banquma ukuthuthukisa, into eyinhloko ukuthi uhlelo kufanele luphelele ngaphakathi.

Ngomsebenzi onjalo, uzodinga i-soldering iron kanye nama-pliers. Ungenzi ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa futhi ngaphandle kweqoqo lezibukeli. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukususa iphaneli langaphambili. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela emva kwezikhwama ezimbili ezihlukene ezingahambisani. Ngemuva kokususa, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhelwe kuma-dynamics. Kungenzeka ukuthi badinga ukubuyiselwa kabusha. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzodinga ukubuyisela kabusha ikhoyili. Ngemuva kwalokho, izikhulumi ze-acoustic ezikhulumeni zaseSoviet zizozwakala ziphelele, ngaphandle kwezwi elilodwa. Ngokucacile, wonke amathoni azokwenza indlu ye-silk, engashintshwa yi-plastic.

Ukuzijwayeza kwezinto zokubambisana nezinsimbi zangaphakathi

Ukuthuthukiswa kwecala kuvumela ukuthuthukisa umsindo wezikhulumi ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukususa amapayipi we-cotton-gauze, ukufaka esikhundleni sabo nge-batting engabizi. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokushesha futhi akudingi imizamo ekhethekile. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe esikhundleni se-wiring.

Icala lihlanganiswe ne-batting. Bazodinga ukuqinisa umfaki we-fasoinvestor, kodwa kuphela emva kokufaka ipayipi layo kwi-sealant. Ukushintshwa kwezikhulumi ezintsha ngeke kudingeke. Yingakho kungasuswa njengento engadingekile. Ukuthunyelwa kwamakholomu amaSoviet amancane kuwo wonke amaxhumo kufanele kuthathwe indawo yethusi.

Njengoba sibona, lolu daba aluyinto enzima kakhulu. Nokho, naphezu kokulula, ukuguqulwa kwishintsha umsindo wezinqubo. Iba nekhono eliphakeme futhi elibala, elijabulisa ukuzwa komculi womculo.

Izikhulumi zakudala zeSoviet zingasetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwezemoto. Intengo yesistimu enjalo iyoba yinto encane, futhi umsindo uzomangaza ngamandla ayo kanye nekhwalithi.