MANPADS "Strela": Ukucaciswa (ifotho)

Ukubeka "Strela-2" waba yindoda-ephathekayo izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela kuqala futhi bangeniswa inkonzo eSoviet Union emuva 60s. Ukuqokwa nangenkomba Grau kuyinto 9K32 MANPADS. E-United States ngezigaba eyaziwa ngokuthi SA-7 Grail.

"Strela-2": umlando ekudalweni

Ngo-1962, edolobheni Kolomna, umkhankaso imfihlo iphrojekthi lempi. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukuba ukudala percussive ephathekayo eziyinkimbinkimbi uyakwazi ukushaya umoya phansi okuhloswe ngaso amabanga iDemo enamandla. Isixazululo ekahle inkinga ngaleso sikhathi kwaba MANPADS "Strela-2".

Noma kunjalo kuqala ukufakwa ukulwa ubhapathizo awuhambanga kanye kulindeleke. izindiza eziningi ngemva ukulimala kodwa babuyela airfields yabo. Isizathu walala yokuthi SAM amandla alufakwa kwaba eyanele zikhubazeke, ikakhulukazi uma hit iphutha esigabeni umsila. Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuba enze ngcono iphuzu ezifakiwe. Ngakho ngo-1968 yena wazalwa le "Strela-2M" (MANPADS nokuqoshwa 9K32M). Ukuguqulwa avunyelwe Okuqondiwe ukushaya ezihambayo emoyeni ngesivinini kuze kufinyelele 950 km / h. Uhlolo zaphela ngempumelelo Donguz yokuhlola indawo e-1970. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho MANPADS lwemukelwa futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa izinguqulo ukuthekelisa bajoyine eshaywayo amasheya kakhulu kunamazwe angu-60.

aphoyintimenti

Lokhu MANPADS kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuzivikela kokubili ezisendleleni nasensimini. ukufakwa ephathekayo uyakwazi ukushaya enophephela emhlane, kanti ezindizeni, ngisho endaweni engamamitha eliphansi kakhulu. Omunye izinzuzo main of MANPADS "Strela-2" kuyinto isisindo sayo kuqhathaniswa ukukhanya kanye nosayizi esincane, evumela ukuba kalula eyalo umuntu oyedwa. Nale isethaphu ungasebenzisa ezindaweni ezifana ingathiyeki njengoba ixhaphozi, ihlathi kanye nezintaba.

9K32 futhi ukuguqulwa yayo zenzelwe ukuvikela ngomshini elihamba Battalion. Ukuvikelwa bunikezwa ikhava leqembu futhi amaphuzu ashubile ezithunywa ongaphakeme-flying Okuqondiwe isitha, kuhlanganise cruise ezicitshwayo. Ukuqala projectile eyenziwe ukuphishekela into emoyeni imphindza yayo ukuthola nokudubula. Volley kwenzeke imile, aphume emseleni, nge kwedolo ekuphokopheleni izimoto zempi.

Ngenxa ukuhamba yabo kanye nempumelelo MANPADS Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe enkulu siqu Tactical-isiteleka izikhali Army Soviet.

"Strela-2": Ukwakheka

Ukusetha yasekuqaleni futhi ilungiswe lalinabashumayeli izingxenye ezintathu ukumisa afanayo: homing imicibisholo evuthayo 9M32 chungechunge, inhlamvu futhi amandla supply. MANPADS "Strela-2" ayebhekwa okusheshayo-siqu kakhulu izikhali anti-aircraft e emhlabeni. Phakathi 1.5 ngemva kwemizuzwana inhlamvu kwenzeka rocket kwethulwa. Ngemva imizuzwana embalwa projectile etshaya target at ibanga 4 amakhilomitha. Uma othile miss icala azibhubhise emva 17 s ngemuva kokuqala. Ukubeka "Strela-2M" - MANPADS nge ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ngesikhathi nesithuthwane ekubhujisweni. Ngemva nokuthuthukela izinqubo ziye ezenzekelayo futhi ugijime gos projectile. Lokhu kwaba lula Gunners anti-aircraft uthwebule ngokushesha ezihambayo into. Futhi liye ngcono ukukhethwa target ukuthola e ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo. I sesimanje senziwa ekubhujisweni kungenzeka lezinto inkambo ukushayisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndawo ethintekile kwaba lakhulisiwe Jets.

Ububanzi eyinhloko ukufakwa entsha kwaba ukushisa gos, esibonakala by umsindo amasosha omzimba. Siyabonga kuye, MANPADS uyakwazi wasithatha umgomo ngisho Cumulus amafu kuze 3 amaphuzu. Noma kunjalo, eziyinkimbinkimbi wayesalokhu sengozini ukushisa isicupho izindiza.

Ukusebenza izici

ububanzi Limited target ekubhujisweni 3,4 km, lapho ukuguqulwa ngohlamvu "M" ivumela ukuhlasela okuhloswe ngaso amabanga kusuka 800 kuya 4200 m. Ngokuphathelene esiphezulu indiza engamamitha projectile sisekuciniseni uhla kuze kufinyelele 2300 m.

isivinini Mahhala kuhluka 430 500 m / s. izinjongo Ukunqotshwa vdogon eyenziwa ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-240 m / s, maqondana - 150 m / s. Rocket emelelwa uhlobo 9M32 noma ukuguqulwa yayo. Calibre - 72 mm. igobolondo obuphelele - 1,44 amamitha nesisindo 9.5 kg. Isisindo eziyinkimbinkimbi imayelana 5 kg.

Ekulungiseleleni kwethulwa onekhono anti-aircraft Gunners uzodinga imizuzwana 10 kuphela.

"Strela-3": Umlando kanye injongo

Imodeli entsha MANPADS namaSoviet "Strela" owashicilelwa mass 70s yaphakathi. Ukufakwa liyaziwa nokuqoshwa kwawo kanye ngezigaba 9K34 USA - SA-14 Gremlin. Isisekelo ukuguqulwa kwaba entsha uchungechunge 9M36 nangomcibisholo, okwakubekelwa ifakwe ekhethekile infrared bamba ikhanda futhi isigaba-modulated kuthwetshulwa amplitude Kuvunguza. Linikeza ukumelana yemvelo kanye RFI.

MANPADS "Strela-3" ezahlukene isivinini kwendiza isivinini maneuverability missile. Futhi ngokuhamba sesimanje we gos laqanjwa umsindo ubufakazi uhlelo indlu. Lokho manje igoli kokuquleka zazingase zithuthwe ziyiswe ngaphandle ngisho isiphepho sezulu. Leli qiniso uye wazakhela imodeli ukukhiqizwa oda eziningi emazweni angaphandle. 9K34 Development kwaqala ekuqaleni kuka-'70, kodwa isikhathi eside, ukufakwa ayizange lidlule lonke uvivinyo. Ngo-May 1973, MANPADS ekugcineni yabonisa side yabo emihle kakhulu, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ke eselineminyaka.

In the 70s sekwephuzile engena nokuthengiswa eziyinkimbinkimbi. MANPADS ngokuphindaphindiwe inqwaba zilethwe amazwe ezifana Angola, Vietnam, i-El Salvador, Jordan, India, North Korea, Iraq, Cuba, Nicaragua, Syria, Peru, Libya, UAE, eNingizimu Afrika. EYurophu, plant esele Hungary, eMpumalanga Jalimane, Finland, eYugoslavia eCzechoslovakia. Izwe kuphela ngaphandle kweSoviet Union, eyayintula ilayisensi ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali, kwaba Poland.

"Strela-3": Ukwakheka

Ngo kokuqeda iyunithi ephathekayo kuhlanganisa: isibangeli indlela 9P58 uchungechunge 9M36 kweminsalo, phansi Umphenyi 1RL247 yokwenziwa umsakazo isiqondiso othole 9S13 futhi R-147.

The main yesiteleka osikweni MANPADS "Strela-3M" futhi imodeli sokuqala iyona 9M36 missile. Wenziwe kwi "duck" isikimu futhi iqoqo linezingxenye ezine eziboshiwe: motor, ukulwa, nenhloko ayo. Control ibangelwa ligijima projectile ngesivinini 20 ngomzuzu. / S zokuguqula isignali ngakuthathu nge inzwa ezishisayo gos. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza control evele zitholakala indiza eyodwa. Lapho uqala ipeni kudalulwe stabilizers uyeza off Imibhobho esemzimbeni ipayipi. On ukufakwa electronic izindlu block, fuse, plug ifoni isixhumi, iqembu lokuxhumana inhlamvu. Inkomba wenziwa gyro futhi isiteshi somsakazo ke IZINHLELO othole idatha.

Ukusebenza izici

Imodeli entsha eziyinkimbinkimbi zifana inguqulo yangaphambilini kuphela izinkomba zesikhathi ulungiselela Volley self-ukubhujiswa, kanye osezingeni 72th. Kukho konke, ingxenye yesithathu yezinhlobo MANPADS "Strela" izici ngcono kakhulu. Missile obuphelele lancipha 1.25 metres uphinde uthele kancane Isisindo 10 kg. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-mass of the complex liye lenyuka ngenxa izingxenye ezintsha futhi kwaba ngaphezu 6 kg.

"Umcibisholo 3" uyakwazi ukushaya izinto at ibanga ngamamitha 500 kuya 4500. Okungenzeka mpo indiza ukuphakama kuyahlukahluka kuze 3 km. vdogon isivinini indiza lokushaja 310 m / s, ukuhlangabezana umgomo - 230 m / s. Nge imodeli entsha ngcono antiaircraft behlakaniphe ithuba hit isigaba izindiza "fighter." Amathuba kokubhubhisa Okuqondiwe enjalo nomunye missile balinganiselwa ku-33%.

"Strela-10": aphoyintimenti

Lokhu ukufakwa kuyinto mobile air ukuzivikela missile uhlelo 9K35 nokuqoshwa. Amadokhumende ukubizwa ngokuthi NATO SA-13 Gopher. 9K35 imodeli lenziwe ngendlela yokuba libone futhi iwukudambisa emoyeni Okuqondiwe emachibini aphansi. Ngesisekelo umthelela wabantu eziyinkimbinkimbi "Umcibisholo-3 '. Kusese 1969 iKomiti Central we CPSU , kwanqunywa ukuba ukudala abakhasi ukufakwa mobile parallel MANPADS kuqala. "Strela-10", izici ezenza kube kakhulu zeselula multi-functional ukulwa base-USSR, akukho izinkinga ziye ihlolwe futhi ngokushesha kakhulu enwetshiwe arsenal of the Army Soviet.

Umthelela arareneko enziwa 9M37 kweminsalo, uyakwazi ezisebenza 2 isiteshi imodi isiqondiso.

Ukubeka "Strela-10" iye yasetshenziswa imisebenzi e-Angola kanye Gulf ngempumelelo.