Proper isondo ukuqondanisa. Umthelela on drivability

isondo ukuqondanisa idlala indima enkulu ekuqhubeni imoto - ngenhlonipho efanele, ngeke bandise nokuphila izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, kanye ngcono induduzo ukushayela. Kodwa abaningi abaqondi ukuthi ukuhambisana nabo kwenzani na.

Yini simthinta?

Kahle kahle, isondo kumele njalo ukukhwezwa ncamashi perpendicular endleleni, futhi enjalo-engeli isondo ukuqondanisa uvumele sisimame esiphezulu, futhi ekwazi ukumelana omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ngokuvumelana nalo mthetho kunciphisa isondo ukuwohloka petrol, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi umphumela omuhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni imoto. Ngeshwa, le enhle awutholakali.

Yokuqondisa amasondo njalo ukushintsha phakathi izinguquko ezimweni komgwaqo, umthwalo, noma emakhoneni ezahlukene, ngakho Abaklami ayifake imoto nemingcele ezimbalwa kweshumi ezahlukene ekutholeni indawo eyiyo izimo ezahlukene. Iningi lezi nemingcele ezibekwa njengoba amanani njalo, kuyilapho ezinye isondo ukuqondanisa kungase kushintshwe ngesikhatsi operation imoto.

Ngo izimoto zanamuhla futhi akusho kuphela ukunikeza ukulungiswa nemingcele ezifana uzwane, kodwa lokhu kubonakala sengathi Okuhle kukhona nemibi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ngenxa umonakalo emzimbeni noma eziphukile umzimba geometry chassis, ke kungaba kwenziwe isondo ukuqondanisa, futhi uma ukulungiswa Kwenziwa Kuhlangana kuphela, kubalulekile ukuba afeze esikhundleni ephelele izingxenye abathintekayo, ngokuvamile ngempela kude kancane eshibhile.

Angle iphimbo

It kulinganiswa phakathi mpo futhi emgqeni lapho sidlula maphakathi Ukujikeleza ibhola amabombo, futhi eziveza ukwesekwa strut e ngokufana okukhona indiza eksisi longitudinal. Kuyasiza ekulinganiseni amasondo wayiqondisa okungukuthi, ivumela imoto ukuhambisa ngqo uma umshayeli engabambelele amasondo ayo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okubonakalayo caster ukhumbule isithuthuthu noma ibhayisikili, lapho ikholomu ayo uhlale Asondele emuva, yingakho ngokuhamba ukuhamba, uma kwesokunxele ukulungiswa ye-engeli kwamasondo, bahlale belwela ukuba ubuyele isikhundla uqotho.

Kuyinto ngenxa caster uma umshayeli engabambelele amasondo ayo, imoto abahamba baqonde, futhi ngemva kokuvala isondo iqala ukubuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhundla ejwayelekile. Uma ushintsha engeli kwamasondo gange ngalesosikhathi imoto kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuphatha, ngoba udinga ukuba njalo itekisi, okuyinto ngempela umsebenzi oyisicefe hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa umshayeli kodwa nezalo amasondo alo, okuyinto uzokhathala ngokushesha ngokwanele. Uma caster luyanda ke umshini uzoqala ukuya endleleni, njengoba uma imikhondo nesondo Ukujikeleza kuzodinga ukuthi ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba esinzima kakhulu. Yiqiniso, konke okungenhla kuyasebenza ngaphezulu kuya ezingemuva wheel drive imoto lapho phambi oluvala amasondo ihanjiswa kancane ehlukile, ngoba encane phambi-wheel caster kuyasiza omuhle ukuze usimamise amasondo ngesikhathi ukugudla futhi lapho unyathela amabhuleki okungazelelwe noma imithwalo lateral.

Uma engeli kwamasondo ubhekiswe zilungiswa ngendlela engafanele, imoto iqala ukuya e isiqondiso ukunyakaza nezinto nje umshayeli kuyodingeka sizame eside ukuze ujike imoto yakhe emaceleni kwesokunxele nakwesokudla.

Camber engela

It kulinganiswa phakathi indiza mpo futhi ukujikeleza kwesondo. Ngamanye amazwi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inqubo ukunyakaza noma umthwalo izinguquko esitshekile yokubeka kanye ukufakwa iziyisikhombisa engeli kwamasondo ubhekiswe isihlobo emgaqweni kumele kube ngaphakathi kwemingcele ebekiwe. Uma kwenzeka engxenyeni engenhla isondo kuphambuka nciphisa kwangaphandle ngokuthi omuhle, futhi uma esitshekile izibilini - ezingezinhle. Uma kukhona ngeziphambeko kusukela oda, eyayibonakala ezinconywe umgwaqo isondo idatha, imoto iyaqala ukuthatha off eya ohlangothini, futhi kukhona okungalingani yimpandla bafake.

Kuhlangana

Kuyinto igebe eliphakathi imoto-eksisi longitudinal kanye indiza isondo ngokushintshana. Ukufaka isondo uzwane engeli ivumela ukufeza isikhundla lesifanele nhlobo ngesivinini futhi, kungakhathaliseki eziqondisa engeli semoto. Uma kukhona Kuhlangana kakhudlwana, lokhu kuphakamisa bafake ezishibilikayo nezicijile ku engxenyeni engaphandle ye-Nyathela, kuyilapho engela ongathandeki ncamashi nomphumela ofanayo kwangaphakathi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho kuvela izinkinga ezinjalo usungaqala squealing amasondo ngesikhathi cornering controllability kakhulu ukuncipha imoto, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kakhulu kwandisa, kusukela kukhona ukumelana lenyuka ugingqe kwamasondo phambi, okuba nomthelela omubi imoto ukugudla.

Ngaphezu kwalezi, kukhona nama-engeli, okuvela kuyo okuyinto engathandeki - lokhu engeli ukunyakaza futhi displacements okukodwa noma okungaphezulu okulandelanayo izimbazo. Uma umshayeli ubhekene nezinkinga ezifana, udinga ukuthumela imoto ukugeza imoto, lapho engeli kwamasondo ngeke ihlolwe ochwepheshe. "Nissan" nezinye eliphezulu izimoto angaphandle nazo kuncike izinkinga ezifanayo, bese uma ikhona ngokuvamile ngaphezu kokudingekile yokulungisa ukumiswa noma ukubuyisela umzimba imoto.

Kunini futhi kungani isiqondiso Kwenziwa?

Ngo izimoto kakhulu Nissan brand, Vaz, nabanye ezingenziwanga ifakwe ukumiswa "McPherson", wokugoqa kwamasondo phambi ngokuvamile kuba lwenani elincane omuhle ^{(0 kuya} 45), umzamo ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ku amasondo ayo, yona kanye ukudluliswa encishisiwe ukuze kumphambukisa zonke izinhlobo jerks. Uma imoto siqhutshwa ukumiswa "McPherson", amasondo babe camber esincane noma abangenaso nhlobo ezimbi.

Ngo ukusebenza imininingwane ezihlukahlukene ukumiswa babhekana yokuguga, kanjalo i- ukufakwa engeli. Yingakho ngezikhathi ezithile (ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo) kudingeka ukukala engele lamasondo angemuva, futhi uma kudingeka, ukubhekana isiqondiso sabo.

Ngokuvamile "unscheduled" ukulungiswa okudingekayo izimoto zanamuhla emva ukungqubuzana zonke izinhlobo imigodi noma izithiyo, futhi ngemuva kokuba yingxenye yohlelo ingozi kuholele ukulimala emzimbeni. Uma uqaphela izinguquko ukuziphatha umshini ngenxa Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele ngokushesha ulithumele esiteshini inkonzo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi sinalo ukuya "razvalschikam" ngemva izingxenye kwathathelwa indawo ukumiswa kanye eziqondisa, ezithinta ukuma lamasondo.

Uma kungukuthi sibhekene yimiphi amacala ngenhla, kodwa ucabanga ukuthi une kwemigomo isondo ukuqondanisa woniwa, bese uzama ukuhlaziya isimo samanje baqonde ukuthi kungase kube nenkulumo yamaphuzu ushintsho ubunjalo drive. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kusetshenziswa ezinye zamasondo zazingasekalishini, esimweni ukungalingani singenzeka vibration futhi engalingani yimpandla bafake. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi lapho kokuqina enganele isondo imishudo imoto kwesinye isikhathi anikine, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, isondo ukukhubazeka, lobehlukene, amaphethini ngisho degree of futha singaholela ukuziphatha okungafanele emotweni yakho endleleni.

Uma imoto uyahoxa eceleni, kaningi kwenzeka ngenxa unyathela amabhuleki kwamasondo, kanye ngenxa yokuhluleka kule indlela ukubopha, kuyilapho eziphukile ukushaqeka wezinciphisi zibulale ukuziphatha imoto yakho endleleni. Heavy Ukujikeleza booster kungenxa yezinkinga ku actuator wokubacindezela, futhi ukwehla induku out imbangela isondo amabombo.

Ngakho, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi "benza amanyala" ku-engeli lamasondo. Isitsha sezimbali nezinye izimoto zasekhaya ikakhulukazi ukungenwa ukungasebenzi ezinjalo, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuqala ukuhlola nabo.

Kuphi ukulungisa?

Okokuqala, zama ukuthola amakhosi professional ngempela, futhi ungazami ukubheka abantu imishini engcono zezitsha. Izikhungo Kufanele kukhethwe kuye ngezidingo zabo, uma kungenjalo wena uzokhokha lokho empeleni akudingeki ngempela.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma umshini isesimweni esihle, futhi ufuna ukuzohlola ulungise uzwane, lokho akusho ngempela ukusebenzisa isikhundla 3D-ukuma engele isondo. Uchwepheshe abanolwazi ngempela ukuba babhekane nezinkinga ezinjalo, usebenzisa induku yokulinganisa futhi lift ejwayelekile, futhi umphumela ofanayo utawuniketa ngamanani aphansi. Uma ufuna ukuhlola zonke geometry, kukhona kakade kudingeka ngempela noma asebenzise imishini ethize.

iyona imishini kanjani?

Imele, okuyinto ihlolwe isondo umgwaqo kanye ukulungiswa, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - computer futhi optical. inketho ngamunye inezici ayo kanye nezinzuzo.

optical

Lezi zezitsha zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili - laser futhi uvumelanise. Esikhathini esidlule njengoba umthombo wokukhanya liyisibani intambo. imithombo ezimbili asethe njó amasondo, futhi ohlangothini kanye phambi imoto ukukhwezwa izikrini yokulinganisa lapho ugongolo ukukhanya kulindeleke. Lapho kulawulwa engeli amasondo ezinqola imoto, imishayo lapho siqondiswa ukuba ibha sokulinganisa, elise phambi umshini. Laser futhi kunembe kakhulu futhi bakudla kalula ukusebenza okuyinhloko yena. Ohlangothini lift nomgodi ukukhwezwa metering izikrini maphakathi okuyinto umgodi senziwa, okuyothi lasers baqondiswa kwa each nye ngamunye. On amasondo ukukhwezwa nesibuko imisebe ziyabonakala ezikrinini.

Buhle amabhentshi optical kuyinto bemsulwa nokwethembeka ukusetshenziswa kanye izindleko iphansana, kodwa bokwenza zibaluleke ngempela. Okokuqala, mancane olunembile kuqhathaniswa ne-computer, ongasebenza kanyekanye kuphela-eksisi oluthile imoto, futhi unganikezi ubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzisa i-base esikhethekile onobuhle idatha. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, abanakho kungenzeka ukukala nemingcele eziningana agcwele jikelele "geometry" yemoto. Ngakho, uma imoto siqhutshwa multi-isixhumanisi ukumiswa, hlola futhi ukulungiswa kwamasondo emabhentshini optical it is contraindicated.

ikhompyutha

Lolu hlobo ukuma Ubuye zenyathi ezimbili - kuyinto 3D be-CCD (Pick). Esikhathini esidlule ngesikhathi kwesondo ngalinye fixed yokulinganisa amakhanda, yemininingwane sizocutshungulwa nge-computer. Ngu indlela esetshenziswa ukuxhumana okuphakathi amabhodi kungaba amakhanda Cordova kanye yezintambo lefoni noma engenantambo. Uhlobo lokugcina okwamanje ezivamile, kodwa uma ukhetha kumele licubungule yokuthi kuze kube namuhla ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa computer imele nge iluphu evulekile esesikhundleni ukusebenza a diki ngcolile, uma kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi ivaliwe.

Izinzuzo zezitsha ikhompyutha zisobala: izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, ikhono ukukala izici ngaphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa egciniwe njalo ulwazi olusha. Futhi uzinake ukuthi lokhu imishini esetshenziswa uhlelo olukhethekile ositshela Mechanics ukulandelana. Kodwa lezo zindlela zokubonisa akuzona ngaphandle nemibi - bededelwa izinzwa kunalokho iyashesha ukuthinteka, futhi bathembele ukukhanya lokushisa izimo.

Njengoba sekunama-computer ye-3D imele iphutha ngokoqobo revolution emkhakheni ukuhlolwa nesondo ukuqondanisa. On the counter phambi imoto iqinile ikhamera ekhethekile elikuvumela ukuba silungise yokuma plastic Okuqondiwe lembhali masondo nge ukunemba okuphelele. Ukulinganisa engela, umane agibele imoto emuva naphambili amasentimitha 20-30 nje, bese ujike amasondo ayo bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Ngemva kwalokho, ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela isiqophi amakhamera, kusetshenzwe ngokucophelela computer, likhipha i-kudingekile imingcele yejeyomethri ngesikhathi sangempela. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo manje ngokuthi "umshini umbono".

ngokukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe yokuthi yesimanje 3D-display, ngokungafani abanye, engabondli abakubo isidingo ukuze anakekele imoto endaweni ngokuphelele flat.

bewumsebenzi esihle

Ithunyelwa kusetshenziswe ukuqondanisa ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma e ezinhle eziqondisa kanye nokumisa futhi ngaphambi ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngeke kwenziwe, inkosi kumele ihlolwe lezi nemingcele. Umshini iziphakamisile phezu lift, bese onguchwepheshe uhlola futhi ushukumisela amasondo, iziyisikhombisa, izinduku, iziphethu nezintwa enze nezinye izenzo ezidingekayo.

Kuphoqelekile kukalwa, futhi uma kudingeka, alethwe enomoya owanele evamile. Lapho backlash mkhulu kakhulu, noma yikuphi ukulimala ngokomzimba izingxenye Uchwepheshe kufanele ngempela ukumisa inqubo futhi senqabe iklayenti ukwenza amatjhuguluko, uma ungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga on the spot.

Uma namanje Abekho angahlangani, imoto igibele platform ovundlile, bese ulayishe ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nehhanisi sika. Ngamanye amazwi, uma isitshalo ashiwo engeli ngoba wethulwa umthwalo ethize, kuzoba khona ukwephulwa oqondile ngokuzama ukulungisa ukuba ezingenalutho ngokuphelele umshini. Ukufaka izingxenye ukumiswa yaso yokuqala op nge prozhimayut amandla, ukucindezela emuva phambi imoto. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha amabi ngesikhathi izilinganiso, eyenziwa kwesikhashana runout isinxephezelo ndaba lapho ukuma Kwenziwa ukulungiswa. Ukuze afeze le nqubo posted master-eksisi, amasondo kuthiwa Izikali fixed, ke bayokuzila pheqela. On yesimanje 3D-imele isinxephezelo wenziwa ngaphandle elenga umshini ugingqe bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene by 20-30 cm.

iyona ukulungiswa kanjani?

Njengoba wonke ama-angela ukufakwa zihlobe-, lapho ukulungisa ochwepheshe zama ukulandela ukulandelana eqondile kakhulu. Okokuqala kukhona ukulawulwa Castor, bese ushintsho sezithonyiwe camber futhi uzwane. Abaningi kakhulu izimoto zanamuhla angaphandle Kwenziwa kuphela ukubeka ipharamitha zokugcina.

Ukulungisa ocolisekileyo kuhlanganisa ushintsha inombolo imigomo, ne amasondo imoto braked unyathela amabhuleki uhlelo (kodwa hhayi ibhuleki lesandla) - isetshenziswa e-workshop ozinikele isinyathelo yokuvala. Eqinisweni, i-Castor inqubo ukulungiswa ingenye kakhulu isikhathi esiningi ukuze 'razvalschikov "kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi eziningi kangaka angisithandi. Abanye ochwepheshe bangase usike ngisho phansi imigomo ishizolo, kuyilapho abanye nje musa ukugxila Castor noma bezama ukugculisa amakhasimende abo ukuthi le engela ukuze, ngakho-ke njalo kunesidingo ukuze baqaphe.

Ukulungisa camber kabili wishbones kwenziwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ne-Castor. On ukumiswa zezinhlobo "Macpherson" ezimweni eziningi, ushintsho camber Kwenziwa ngokushintshanisa omunye umshudo ekhethekile ome njengeqanda, lapho yokubeka is abethela kuya iqupha, kodwa amanye embodiments lingasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye tinkhulumo, esikhundleni ibhawudo kuyinto slide indlela ekhethekile noma isici ngokulungisa zingafakwa ngasesinqeni se isigwedlo. Kukhona futhi imiklamo enjalo lapho ukulungiswa camber wenziwa ezihambayo sihlobene eyindilinga.

Ngaphambi afeze ukulungiswa tekuhlangani, onguchwepheshe kufanele uqale wafaka isikhundla phakathi the yokubeka, nesondo kufanele ukuma aqonde, futhi omiswe ukukhiya ekhethekile. Itjhuguluko senziwa ngokulungisa lugs Ukujikeleza elihlangana ohlangothini ngalunye (ngabe yikuphi hhayi ngomsindo). Omunye uphawu ilungelo ukusebenza ngqo eliphethe isikhundla ngaphandle ukuphazamiseka kokulinganisela ezinyakazayo komugqa. Okungenani ngokuvumelana lesi sici ungahlala ukunquma ukulungiswa kangakanani, nokuthi ingakusiza ukuba babhekane nezinkinga ngesikhathi izinga Ukugibela lwenziwe.