Izilwandle Arctic ukugeza Russia

Ngiyavuma, namuhla kunzima ngempela ukuthola umuntu omdala ababengeke bakwazi uhlu kwezilwandle Arctic eRussia. Nge lo msebenzi, mhlawumbe ngisho umfundi isilinganiso angayinqoba kalula. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu akunandaba ngempela. Nokho, ake ukhumbule sika. Ngakho, kube seLwandle lwase-eshalofini Arctic - lena uBarents, Kara, Mhlophe, Laptev, East eSiberia futhi amaChukchi. Ubude eziyisithupha. Yiziphi izici? Yini labafanana? Futhi yini umehluko oyinhloko?

Lesi sihloko ngeke bakunike impendulo yonke le mibuzo, kodwa futhi ukuba bazame ukubonisa ukuthi umfundi ukuba kolwandle Arctic bafanelwe nhlobo esingaphansi zijwayele kithi, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, Emnyama noma Azov. Ziyakwazi engavamile kithi ngokuya ibhalansi ezishisayo, kodwa empeleni akuwenzi kancane ezithakazelisayo.

Isigaba 1. Arctic ezilwandle ukugeza Russia. ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngomzamo ubembule lesi sihloko zama uhlu izici eziyinhloko lezi amazwe emhlabeni.

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Russian ezilwandle Arctic kakhulu onyakeni imbozwe ungqimba aminyene ice. Kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga eziba yilo ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma oLwandle uBarents unomthelela omncane we-Atlantic esiyitholayo, eseqhubeka empumalanga iqhwa ukujiya inyuka kakhulu.

Izilwandle Arctic ayabaluleka ukufudumala ngenxa imisinga ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean. Ikakhulukazi kungabonwa kuleyo ngxenye amaChukchi, okuyinto ngokushesha eseduze iBering Strait.

Phawula futhi ukuthi lo okuthiwa ezilwandle Arctic, esikhundleni salokho, abe nethonya elikhulu kakhulu isimo sezulu yeSiberia. Futhi, Okumangazayo ngokwanele, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke kukhona nethonya kangaka ehlobo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ebusika bona embozwe iqhwa, kanye umhlaba, futhi umehluko lokushisa kanye nomswakama kungukuthi uyalandelwa. Kodwa uquqaba abandayo ehlobo Ngokuphambene obuqinile umhlaba efudumele.

Nge zonke izilwandle Russian Arctic Sekuyisikhathi eside exhumene ngokudoba izilwane ezahlukene zasolwandle, okuyinto ngesikhathi esisodwa kwaholela nokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo eziningi futhi ngenxa yalokho wawuvinjelwe. Nokho, lezi zindawo, naphezu kwesimo sezulu elibuhlungu, njalo ukuheha lenqwaba izivakashi ezivela emakhoneni ezahlukene wonke. Omunye wemizila ebekwe ethandwa kakhulu - Ukuvakashela North Pole. Abantu abaningi abayitholi ukunaka bonke ubunzima, beba kwi "umqhele" Zomhlaba phezu ophihliza iqhwa. Ezinye izinto ozithandayo ye-Arctic kwezilwandle - a rookery sea amabhubesi walruses, "rookeries" indawo ekhethwe namabhere.

Isigaba 2: Engaqondakali White Sea

Umehluko omkhulu we global olwandle endaweni kusukela ukuphumula wezilwandle Arctic ukuthi ibekwe kuya eningizimu ye-Arctic Circle, futhi ingxenye encane nje kuphela bamanzi enyakatho uya ukudlula lokho. Ngakho, kuvela ukuthi White Sea cishe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi has imingcele zemvelo. ahlukaniswe kusukela oLwandle uBarents kuphela umugqa mncane futhi okunemibandela kakhulu.

White kubhekwa olwandle elincane phakathi nezwe Russia. Ihlanganisa indawo ayizinkulungwane 90 sikwele. km. I bamanzi wendawo ukujula avareji - 67 m kanye esiphezulu -. 350 m Ikakhulukazi ekujuleni White Sea elisemcengezini, Kandalaksha Bay. Esikhathini enyakatho ingxenye izindawo angajulile kakhulu - akukho amamitha lishonile kunesikhumba 50 Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi phansi kuyinto engalingani ..

Ngokumangalisayo, ngaphakathi Sea White ebusa, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, isimo sezulu esibanda okuxubile, unezici kokubili yezwekazi kanye zasolwandle.

Isigaba 3. Amazing uBarents Sea

Labo abafuna ukubona ukuthi isimo ekushintsheni ye-Arctic kwezilwandle, kutuswa ukuya oLwandle uBarents, besendaweni entshonalanga kakhulu.

Ayisebenzi, ke baxhumana kolwandle efudumele Norwegian, kanye namanzi aqandayo ezizungeze Arctic. Inani endaweni yoLwandle uBarents - abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,405 square metres. km, ukujula isilinganiso cishe 200 m.

Isimo sezulu kolwandle polar, wawushisa kunayo yonke eyaziwayo phakathi ukuphumula wezilwandle eshalofini ye-Arctic Ocean. 3/4 uBarents ulwandle ebusweni imbozwe ice unyaka ngamunye, kodwa alilokothi zilimaze ngokuphelele, ngisho ebusika. Konke lokhu kungenxa ukuthutheleka amanzi Atlantic efudumele.

Impumuzo liwukuthi heterogeneous, has seamounts, emikhombeni kanye ayimigodi eziningi. Konke lokhu kuthinta kakhulu izici kwamanzi komzimba namanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, Lolu lwandle libhekene amanzi okuhle kuhlangana kanye aeration kakhulu.

Isigaba 4: Kungani ukuya ogwini loLwandle Kara?

ULwandle Kara kuyinto ngasogwini olusempumalanga zidlule iNhlonhlo Taimyr, enyakatho-mpumalanga Yurophu futhi entshonalanga yeSiberia ezingwini. umngcele walo entshonalanga othinta uBarents Sea, empumalanga - Sea Laptev.

Le ngxenye izilwandle zomhlaba itholakala ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-Arctic Circle. Kara ulwandle endaweni ifinyelela amakhilomitha square ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 883, ukujula avareji -. 111 m, futhi ifinyelela esiphezulu endaweni ethile 600 m.

Coast abasengxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Nguqulo Umhlaba bafa amawa, futhi ogwini ezwekazini kukhona izindebe ezinkulu nemifula, lapho imifula elikhulu laseSiberia, okungukuthi, Yenisei, ukhalo, the OB kanye Pyasina.

Esikhathini Sea Kara iziqhingi eziningi, ikakhulukazi eziningi kubo ngasogwini Taimyr.

usawoti omkhulu (33-34%) kwaphawuleka ngaphezulu kule esenyakatho ingxenye. Spring ice ukuncibilika kungaba desalinate amatheku eziningana zemifula eduze (ngaphakathi 5%).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi cishe zonke olwandle i-Arctic eSiberia bedle ezisobala emfuleni flow. Ngokwesibonelo, Kara ngamaphesenti ifinyelela 40%. Ngokwendlela okwaziwa ngayo ngokuvamile ukuthi imifula Ulapha 1290 cubic amakhilomitha ezingabangela ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile ngonyaka, nge 80% ukuthi isuka Juni kuya ku-October.

By the way, esinye isici esibalulekile wukuthi Sea Kara zilimaze ngokuphelele Okthoba kuya May. Yingakho abantu bendawo ngisho walibiza ngokuthi "isikhwama ice".

Isigaba 5. Laptev Sea

Uyazazi ye-Arctic kwezilwandle iyona ejulile? Laptev, yebo! Ayisebenzi, itholakala ngqo eduze nogu Eastern eSiberia. Ngaphambi sasibizwa nangokuthi laseSiberia.

Ngokushesha, siphawula ukuthi lesi ulwandle ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-Arctic Circle. Enyakatho, phambi wavula amakhaza ihlanganiswa cishe ngokuphelele ice phakade e-Arctic Ocean, entshonalanga a ezalotshwa ukuxhumana Laptev Sea, Kara Sea, empumalanga eStraits iqala East laseSiberia, eningizimu kakhulu Ugu olumangelengele nezwekazi Eurasia.

endaweni yayo Imininingwane - ayizinkulungwane 664 amakhilomitha square, ka 540 m ukujula Ngokwesilinganiso, engajulile kakhulu kubhekwa eNingizimu (. 50 sq), Futhi emaphethelweni esifundeni eshalofini itholwa ekujuleni ezinkulu, isibonelo, emkhombeni Sadko esiphezulu ibanga ku sifinyelela izibalo cishe ayinakwenzeka. e 3385 m.

Ingxenye yolwandle seismicity ngokwanele, nje entshonalanga Eziqhingini okusha laseSiberia ziyenzeka ngezinye izikhathi komhlaba kuze kube 6 amaphuzu.

Njengomthetho, kunazo zonke onyakeni Sea Laptev embozwe iqhwa. Kusukela izinguzunga zeqhwa lapha ngobuningi ekhiqizwa zinde-zeqhwa.

Usawoti isilinganiso - 34,%, nokho eduze esizalweni somfula. Yelena uwe engafinyelela kwengu-1%, m. K. emfuleni Deep lapha kuletha amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngaphandle Yelena nezinye ezinkulu ithela kulo imithambo Laptev Sea kukhona Jana, Olenek, Anabar futhi Khatanga.

IsiGaba sesi-6 East eSiberia - angajulile Arctic Sea

Okuningi okuqukethwe yile ngxenye komhlaba kungokwalabo esigabeni okuthiwa ezwekazini onganakiwe. Ayisebenzi, itholakala ngasogwini Eastern eSiberia. Imingcele ala manzi kukhona umugqa ngokuvamile okunemibandela, futhi kuphela kwezinye izingxenye linqatshelwe ngempela umhlaba. Le ndawo esentshonalanga East Sea laseSiberia, odlula ku. Boiler bese egobhoza Sea Laptev. Northern Cordon kuvumelana ngokuphelele ngosiko eshalofini ezwekazini. Empumalanga, it is kuhlelwe. Wrangel kanye capes ezimbili - Blossom futhi Yakan.

Amanzi-East Sea laseSiberia zidluliselwa kahle ne-Arctic Ocean. endaweni Marine of 913 sq. M. km, kodwa ukujula esiphezulu ifinyelela 915 m.

EMpumalanga laseSiberia waphawula iziqhingana. Ugu has ukugoba eqinile, iphele ezindaweni kuphuma olwandle. Amazwekazi ezilwandle Arctic, njengoba umthetho, okwethulwa emathafeni. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo kusekhona eyehlelayo encane.

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kolwandle engaphansi kwethonya Atlantic nePacific, yingakho sezulu layo ubhekwa kolwandle polar, ne nethonya elikhulu leli zwekazi.

Nangu eza lemali elincane amanzi ezwekazini. Imifula ngobukhulu ithela kulo ulwandle - Kolyma futhi Indigirka.

Isigaba 7. Yini oyaziyo Sea amaChukchi?

Phakathi obakhathalelayo. Wrangel Isiqhingi futhi Cape Barrow US amaChukchi Sea yisici ayizinkulungwane 582 sq. M. km. Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu onekareko kanye netinchubo, kuyacaca ukuthi ithole igama kusuka egameni abantu abahlala ngasogwini lwalo.

Ngokuvamile, oLwandle amaChukchi elinesimo sezulu esibandayo, kanzima ice isimo wadala ngenxa yethonya ngebhayisikili ice Canadian.

Chuckchee ulwandle exhunywe kwi-Pacific Ocean ngokusebenzisa iBering Strait, ububanzi 86 km kanti ka 36 m ukujula, kodwa lingena Arctic angaba yizinkulungwane 30. Cu. km amanzi kuqhathaniswa efudumele. Ngo-August eduze strait layo elingenhla ungakwazi ukuxoxa nabo +14 ° C. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ikhule ezimbotsheni abandayo ngokungafani Pacific Rim amanzi ice push kude ogwini.

Isigaba 8. Nature and Man: Sea babe kubonakale wezindlu

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla thina asetshenziselwa ngangokunokwenzeka ugweme izinkinga ngemvelo party. Kungani? Into wukuthi, njengoba isivele umkhuba ukumthethisa umkhakha, izivakashi abonakele nezikhulu yokungathembeki abaphathi bendawo. Ngokuvamile, thina ngandlela-thile unganakile ukuthi konke okubi, ngaphambili kuyoba buhlungu nakakhulu.

Kodwa muva nje ososayensi Murmansk Marine Biological Institute sengibuyile hambo we "Murmansk - Dudinka" alethwe 200 amalitha amanzi olwandle kokuhlahlela Cesium-137 futhi Sesithombe-90 - radionuclides, okuyinto ayizikhombisi yemitselela yeluntfu. Imiphumela yomsebenzi onzima bakhuthazwa: kwezilwandle enyakatho ayabaluleka wezindlu, imvelo namanje ekubhekaneni ngokuphumelelayo ngaphambilini etholwe futhi umonakalo zanqwabelana.

izakhi Radioactive, ngeshwa, namanje itholiwe, kodwa amanani amancane kuno 90.