Izimbali zezimbali: incazelo, isithombe, ukulima, ukukhiqiza

Ngenxa yenjabulo, ukuncoma kanye nobuhle, sonke sibheke izimbali zasendlini ezindlini zethu nasezindlini zethu. I-Kaleria iyisitshalo sangempela esiyingqayizivele, esasanda kuvela. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko yiqhakaza elikhanyayo, elide futhi eliluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, i-emerald-green, i-pubescent ehamba ne-filiform edges ibheka futhi ikhangayo. Ubuhle baseColombia buyakwazi ukuhlobisa noma yikuphi ukungaphakathi, okudinga ngesikhathi esisodwa ubuncane bokunakekelwa. Sizokutshela ngezici zesitshalo, imithetho yokukhula kwayo nezindlela zokukhiqiza.

Incazelo yenhlobo ye-Kaleria

Cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili ziyingxenye yohlobo lomndeni kaGessneriae. Isici sesici sezitshalo zaleli qembu sibhekene naso, amaqabunga e-pubescent wombala ogcwele ohlaza ogcweleyo. Indawo yendawo yemvelo ihlanganisa izindawo ezishisayo eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi eColombia, lapho le mbali ifinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama. Isizathu esiyinhloko esenza lesi sitshalo sithandwe emasikweni angaphakathi yizimbali zangempela. I-Kaleria ibafake cishe cishe unyaka wonke ngeziphazamiso ezincane. Ngefomu bafana nezinsimbi eziguqulwe nge-corolla ehlangene, ephela ngamagundane amahlanu ahlukene. Umbala uhlukile: kusuka ku-pink ophaphathekile kuze kube nsundu ogcwele, enezibhamu. Ezimweni egumbini, njengombuso, izimbiza ezinesikhathi eside zezimbali ziyanda.

Izinhlobo ze-Calery

Uma ufuna ukukhulisa isitshalo esimangalisayo, esingahloniphi futhi esingavamile, khona-ke makube i-kaleria. Ukunakekela kuyinto elula, futhi izimbali zikhulu. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, qiniseka ukuthi ucacise ukuthi iyiphi into oyithengayo, ngoba lokhu kungathinta ezinye zezici zokulima. Emasikweni angaphakathi, ama-hybridi amaningana avamile, okuphakathi kwawo okulandelayo:

• I-Bogolica isitshalo esifikela ku-60 cm ukuphakama emvelweni. It has amahlamvu pubescent amahlumela kanye amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza nge villi of a red hue. Izimbali zingashadile noma zihanjiswe, zihlaselwa. I-corolla ibomvu ngamachashazi nemivimbo, futhi ngaphakathi kwayo inemibala ephuzi.
• I-calery iyamnandi - amahlumela aluhlaza afinyelela ku-60 cm, ngokuvamile abe nemhlophe, i-villi ende. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwenziwe nge-silvery ebonakalayo noma indawo ebomvu. Ukuhlelwa kwezimbali kuyinto axillary, umthunzi kuyinto pink nge izindawo purple, futhi ngaphakathi kuphuzi.
• I-Fuchsia ngumbala we-fisheye - igama lihlotshaniswa nokufana kokubukeka kwezimbali. I-corolla emhlophe (kuze kufinyelele ku-3 cm), engxenyeni engenhla idlula embala okhanyayo obomvu, i-zev - eluhlaza ngamabhuloki obomvu.

Ukushisa nokukhanyisa emoyeni

Njengoba i-caleria (isithombe) ikhula emaqeleni aphansi anamahloni, amahlathi ahlosiwe, asikho isidingo sokukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ilanga eliqondile kufanele livikelwe ngokubeka ibhodlela kusayithi elinokukhanya okuhlakazekile. Amafasitela asentshonalanga noma empumalanga angcono kakhulu kulokhu. Lesi sitshalo se-thermophilic, nokho, sinesikhathi sokuphumula, ngakho-ke ezinyangeni zasebusika kuyadingeka ukuyihlinzeka ngezinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakathi kuka-16-18 ° C, futhi kulo lonke unyaka phakathi nonyaka hhayi ngaphansi kwama-23-25 ° C. Ngokuvamile, i-Kalery ayinakuzithoba futhi ibekezelela ngokuqinile izimo zezindlu zokuhlala zasemadolobheni. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, amaqabunga, njengombuso, musa ukusetha kabusha, ngakho izinga lokukhanyisa kufanele lihlale lifanayo.

Ukukhetha ummbila nomhlabathi

Inhlabathi yezitshalo zasendlini ezinhlobonhlobo zithengiswa kuzo zonke izitolo zembali, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa kalula i-substrate esele ilungiselelwe kakade. Okukhethwa kukho okhethekile nge-kalery akutholakali, kodwa, umuntu angakwazi ukuthatha ngokuvikelekile inhlabathi ehloselwe i-senpolia, i-gloxinium. Uma kungenzeka, ungazilungisa ngokwakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthatha iziqephu ezimbili zomhlaba weqabunga nomhlabathi owodwa we-peat nesihlabathi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nesendlalelo esihle se-drainage. Ukufakelwa kusenziwa njalo ngonyaka enhlabathini ebuyekeziwe, ehlukanisa izingxenye eziningana rhizome kakhulu.

Lesi sitshalo sinomsizi omuncu, ovame ukusabalaliswa. Kubukhulu bomzimba ukuthi ukhetho lwembiza lusekelwe. Kumele kube nzima kakhulu, kungenjalo isitshalo sizoqondisa wonke amandla ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande. Okukhethwa kukho akuyona imbiza ejulile, kodwa ebanzi cishe ngo-15 cm ububanzi. Izinto - i-ceramic noma i-plastic. I-pottery ingcono kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi umswakama ovela kuwo uhamba kancane kancane, futhi izimpande azigcini ngokweqile. Uma uhlela ukubeka izimbali efasiteleni, ibhodlela le-ceramic lizokwengeza ukuzinza.

Ukunisela kanye nomswakama

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi inhlamba yomswakama ezindaweni ezishisayo ifinyelela ku-90% futhi lokhu kuthinta umzimba wezitshalo nezilwane.

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungacabangi ngalokhu uma ukhula ngezinhlobo ezingavamile ezigumbini. I-Kaleria idinga umswakama ophezulu. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa i-pallet enesihlabathi esimanzi noma ubumba obunwetshiwe. Hlanganisa ochwepheshe bezitshalo abangeke batusa ngenxa yamaqabunga amakhulu ase-pubescent, angawabola. Ungafaki izimbali efasiteleni lapho i-radiators ikhona khona-umoya omile kakhulu wesitshalo uyingozi. Ukunisela kufanele kube nokuningi. Gcina inhlabathi endaweni emanzi njalo, kodwa ngaphandle kokugxila kwamanzi nokungena kwayo phezu kweqabunga leqabunga. Amanzi izitshalo kusukela pallet. Izibonakaliso zokuqala, ezibonisa ukuntuleka komswakama, zizophuzizwa futhi zibe namaqabunga aphikisiwe, kanye nokubonakala kwebala.

Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, ukuchelela izitshalo zasendlini kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokwethulwa kwezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi nemifino ephilayo, futhi ikhalenda kule ndaba ayinjalo. Uma ukhetha amalungiselelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali (azaleas, senpolia, njll), landela imiyalelo ngokucophelela bese uqaphela umthamo okhonjisiwe kuphakheji.

Izindlela zokukhiqiza

Ukungathobeki ngokuphelele kwe-caleria kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ekamelweni izimo ezintathu zokukhiqiza kwazo ziyatholakala. Lokhu kuyinto engavamile okwenzela izitshalo ezishisayo ezishisayo. Isibonelo esisha singatholakala kumbewu, ukusika noma ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome yomzali. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela nguJanuwari-Febhuwari. Imbewu yesitshalo incane kakhulu, ngakho ayihlanganisiwe emhlabathini, kodwa ngokulinganayo isatshalaliswa phezu kwendawo ebomile futhi igcwele ingilazi. Beka izitsha endaweni efudumele nekhazimulayo. Izithombo zizovela emasontweni angu-2-2.5, futhi zingadonsa kuphela emva kokubonakala kwamacembe wangempela. Ngale ndlela, i-kaleria ye-hybrid engavamile ingatholakala.

Ukukhiqizwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes kulula kakhulu, kanti izinga lokuphumelela lebhizinisi liphakeme. Ngentwasahlobo, hlukanisa isibonisi somama ngommese omunwe wangasese. Hlanganisa ngamalahle bese uvumela ukuba omiswe kancane. I-rhizome ihlwanyelwe endaweni elungiselelwe kuya ku-1.5 cm ejulile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ziphuziswa.

Ukusika kungenziwa unyaka wonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, unqume isicu sehlumela ngommese obukhali bese usigxila emanzini noma ngokushesha emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo esisha sikhula amaqabunga amasha, phezulu kumele kukhishwe - lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha ase-lateral.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Isizathu esiyinhloko sesifo kanye nokubonakala kwezinambuzane ukukhathazeka okungalungile, okuthola izimbali. I-Kaleria ivame ukuthinteka kakhulu yi-aphid kanye nezinambuzane zesicabucabu (okufanekiselwe). Ziphuza ngokuphelele ama-juice avela emaqabunga amaqabunga namafihledi, okwenza ngenxa yalokho aphikiswe futhi aphume. Ngomoya wokushisa ophansi ekamelweni kanye nomswakama wayo ophezulu, izimo ezinhle zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-bacterial and fungal, ikakhulukazi, isikhutha se-powdery nokubola okuhlukahlukene, ziyadalwa. Ukuze kuvikelwe futhi ukwelashwa kwezitshalo, yenza ukwelapha ngezikhathi ezithile ngamalungiselelo e-fungicidal and insecticidal.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko ekukhuleni

• Ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama emaqabunga kufana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi abandayo wokunisela.
• I-Yellowing yekhasi leqabunga lihlotshaniswa nokuchayeka kwelanga eliqondile, umoya owomile kakhulu noma omanzi owedlulele, okungekho emanzini amaningi.
• Uma ifihlekile nezimbali ziwela, i-caleria idinga ukondliwa ngamaminerali kanye nama-organic fertilizer noma i-tuber yonakalisiwe.
• Ukubonakala emaqabunga kanye nezimbali ze-gray plaque kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kokubola noma isikhumba se-powdery. Izindawo ezithintekile kufanele zisuswe, zibeke lesi sitshalo ngokuhlukanisa futhi ziphathwe nge-fungicide.
• Ukuchithwa kwamaqabunga kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvezwa embali yomoya omile.
• Ukwandiswa kwesitshalo, i-pallor of amahlumela kanye nokuqwashisa kwabo kubonisa ukungabi nokukhanya.